Kandyan Convention

The Kandyan Convention (Sinhala: උඩරට ගිවිසුම Udarata Giwisuma) was an agreement signed on 02 March 1815 between the British and the chiefs of the Kandyan Kingdom, British Ceylon (now Sri Lanka) for the deposition of King Sri Vikrama Rajasinha and ceding of the kingdom's territory to British rule. The king, of South Indian ancestry, faced powerful opposition from the Sinhalese chieftains who sought to limit his power. A successful coup was organized by the chieftains, marking the end of 2358 years of self-rule on the island and resulting in the imprisonment of the king in Vellore. The treaty is quite unique in that it was not signed by the monarch on the throne but by members of his court and other dignitaries of the kingdom.

Kandyan Convention

First (left) and final (right) pages of the convention
Drafted	1815
Signed	02 March 1815
Location	Temple of the Tooth, Kandy, Kingdom of Kandy
Condition	Deposition of King Sri Vikrama Rajasinha Ceding of Kingdom of Kandy to the British Crown, with retention of local nobility
Signatories	Kandyan aristocrats  British Empire
Parties	2
Languages	English Sinhala
Kandyan Convention at Wikisource

The convention gained a degree of infamy when, according to apocryphal sources, Wariyapola Sri Sumangala, a Buddhist monk of the kingdom, seized and trampled a Union Jack hoisted by the British, demanding the flag of Kandy be left flying until the Convention was signed.[1].

The authenticity of the native signatures have recently been called into question.[2]

Signatories

British

• Robert Brownrigg - Governor of Ceylon
• John D'Oyly - Chief Translator to the Government
• Jas. Surtherland - Deputy Secretary to the Government

Kandyan

• Ehelepola Nilame
• Molligoda sr. - Maha Adigar & Dissawa of the Sath Korles
• Pilima Talawuwe sr. alias Kapuwatte - 2nd Adigar & Dissawa of Sabaragamuwa
• Pilima Talawuwe jr. - Dissawa of Hathra Korles
• Monarawila - Dissawa of Uva
• Ratwatte - Dissawa of Matale
• Molligoda jr. - Dissawa of Thun Korles
• Dullewe - Dissawa of Walapane
• Millewe - Dissawa of Wellassa & Binthenna
• Galagama - Dissawa of Tamankaduwa
• Galagoda - Dissawa of Nuwara Kalawiya

Part of the Kandyan contingent to the Convention

Key points

1. 'Sri Wickrema Rajasinha', the 'Malabari' king, [is] to forfeit all claims to the throne of Kandy.
2. The king is declared fallen and deposed and the hereditary claim of his dynasty, abolished and extinguished.
3. All his male relatives are banished from the island.
4. The dominion is vested in the sovereign of the British Empire, to be exercised through colonial governors, except in the case of the Adikarams, Disavas, Mohottalas, Korales, Vidanes and other subordinate officers reserving the rights, privileges and powers within their respective ranks.
5. The religion of Buddhism is declared inviolable and its rights to be maintained and protected.
6. All forms of physical torture and mutilations are abolished.
7. The governor alone can sentence a person to death and all capital punishments to take place in the presence of accredited agents of the government.
8. All civil and criminal justice over Kandyan to be administered according to the established norms and customs of the country, the government reserving to itself the rights of interposition when and where necessary.
9. Other non-Kandyan's position [is] to remain [as privileged as previously] according to British law.
10. The proclamation annexing the Three and Four Korales and Sabaragamuwa is repealed.
11. The dues and revenues to be collected for the King of England as well as for the maintenance of internal establishments in the island.
12. The governor alone can facilitate trade and commerce.

The document

The Archives of the Government of Sri Lanka possesses the original copy of the Convention.

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See also

• Kandyan Treaty of 1638
• Kandyan Wars

References

1. Karunaratna, Nihal (1999). Kandy, past and present, 1474-1998 A.D. Kandy: Ministry of Religious and Cultural Affairs. p. 116. ISBN 9556131213.
2. Gunawardena, Lalith (3 March 2010). "රටම රැවටූ උඩරට ගිවිසුම". divaina.com. Divaina. Retrieved 20 April 2018.

External links

• British Ceylon and Kingdom of Kandy 1805 (map)
• The Kandyan Convention and British policy
• 1815: Kandyan convention and the role of D’Oyly
• Short History of Ceylon By Humphrey William Codrington
• Sri Lankan Ethnic Crisis: Towards a Resolution By R. B. Herath
• The 1815 Kandyan Convention at the Audience Hall
• The signing of the Kandyan Convention
• Kandyan Convention of 1815
• Kandyan Convention of 1815 by Dr. K.D.G. Wimalaratne