Public transport in Hamilton and Waikato

Public transport in Hamilton and the Waikato Region is poorly developed. Only 0.9% of trips were made by bus in 2013/14. This compares with 2.3% nationally,[1] which itself is amongst the lowest modal shares in the world.[2] A Mass Transit Plan aiming to increase public transport's share in Hamilton from 3 to 10% by running services at 10 minute intervals, was to be developed in 2019,[3] but has yet to be funded by NZTA.[4] Waikato, like all other regions, with the exception of Auckland and Wellington, saw falls in use of public transport from 2012.[5] As the map shows, the coverage is sparse and, even of those services which operate daily, most have only 2 or 3 buses a day in each direction. Only Hamilton urban services and those to Huntly run hourly, or more frequently. 41% of passengers travel on the three routes (Orbiter, Comet and CBD Shuttle) which run at 15 minute intervals.[4]

Hamilton Transport Centre from Anglesea St

Hamilton has 26 bus routes covering most of its urban area.[6] Buses also serve Cambridge, Coromandel, Huntly, Mangakino, Morrinsville, Ngāruawāhia, Paeroa, Port Waikato, Pukekohe, Raglan, Taupō, Thames, Te Aroha, Te Awamutu, Te Kauwhata, Tīrau, Putāruru and Tokoroa.[7] A summer shuttle runs between Hahei and Cathedral Cove.[8] Services are operated by 99 buses,[9] 74 of them on Hamilton urban routes.[4]

Current and former routes

Since the sale of the west Hamilton routes in 2018,[10] all Hamilton buses have been operated by GoBus (successor to Buses Ltd - see Hamilton routes below).[11] From 30 Sep 2017 Pavlovich Coachlines had operated buses in west Hamilton and, prior to that, just the Orbiter.[12]

InterCity operate long-distance bus services and some regional connections.

For a short time, in 2000/2001, Hamilton had a commuter train, the Waikato Connection. Te Huia is planned to start running 2 weekday trains each way between Hamilton and Papakura to commence some time in November 2020.[13] The only remaining passenger train, the Northern Explorer, remains suspended after COVID-19 restrictions.[14]

Ferries remain at Whitianga,[15] Tairua[16] and linking Auckland and Coromandel.[17]

Shuttle buses provide the only public transport to a number of places, including Hamilton Airport[18] Whitianga and Whangamatā.[19] Until 2017 Tairua Bus served Whitianga and Ngatea and still provides some shuttles.[20]

Volvo B7R Northern Connector bus at Hamilton Transport Centre - transferred to Pavlovich fleet in 2009. Seddon Park floodlights are in the background.

Bus Routes
This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.

Hamilton City routes
Route Start Finish Route No. Notes
Hamilton city 1-18, 26, 29, 51 There are currently 26 routes serving Hamilton urban area.[21] Most operate to a half-hourly frequency, the exceptions being the Orbiter[22] (serving the edge of the CBD and the main suburban destinations, such as the Hospital, The Base, Chartwell and Waikato University, started on 17 July 2006,[23] restored to a 15-minute frequency from 30 Sep 2017),[24] and with 2 double deck 87-seat buses from 9 April 2017,[25] the Comet (Hospital-CBD-The Base from 1 April 2019)[26] and the free CBD Shuttle[27] (started April 2006).[23] Apart from the weekend night services, no buses run after 9.45pm.

From 30 Sep 2017 buses 1, 9 and 18 were extended to connect with Orbiter and Northern Connector buses at The Base, whilst Hamilton Lake (a new route in 2012)[28] and some roads in Hamilton east lost their bus, when route 15 was ended.[29]

An advert in 1 June 1937 Railways Magazine showed 10 buses (until 1927 there had been 14 run by Watson, Jubilee and Blue bus companies;[30] Waikato Motor Bus Co started in 1922[31] and Watsons in 1924,[32] or 1923,[33] as the Green Bus)[34] in the Buses Ltd (Blue Buses) fleet and said they met all trains at Frankton Junction. Buses Ltd had cut its fares in 1928 to achieve a virtual monopoly by driving Green Bus Co. out of business.[35] Major cuts were made in 1971, including all buses after 6pm and on Sundays.[36] No buses now serve the railway station, which has only 6 trains a week.[37]

Frankton 1913 8 2 Chelmsford steam buses, imported for a Devonport-Takapuna service in 1904,[38] were unsuccessful and were railed to Hamilton in 1906. They probably failed to be profitable on the Frankton route too (possibly because of tyre damage on the rough roads),[39] as horses were again the motive power by 1910.[40] No mention was made of the steam buses when new services were being planned in 1911,[41] 1912[42] and 1913,[43] when Frankton Hamilton Bus Co (A H Hyde) was allowed to put notices on poles[44] to advertise the 5 buses a day in each direction.[45] Waikato Motor Co Ltd advertised that Daimler buses and Chrysler cars met all trains in 1921.[46] A 1925 photo shows a bus on the new concrete road in Commerce St, Frankton.[47] A 1930s photo shows a Brockway bus[34] on the Frankton-Hamilton East route.[48]
Hamilton-Temple View 26 After a joint Temple View Community Board / Environment Waikato meeting, the bus route closed on Wed 24 December 1997 "due to low passenger numbers".[49] Temple View became part of Hamilton in 2004, adding 430 hectares and 1,400 people.[50] Route 26 was then extended from Dinsdale. It now runs half hourly weekdays and hourly on Saturdays, taking 23 minutes for the 8 km between the Transport Centre and Cowley Dr, Temple View.[51]

SH1 routes to Cambridge and south east - current route 20
Route Start Finish Route No. Notes
Hamilton-Cambridge 20 Mail coaches were meeting trains initially at Ngāruawāhia, from 1877,[52] and Hamilton from 1881.[53] Local chemist, Edward Boucher Hill, started a car hire service in 1912[54] Corpe and Edwards started a timetabled motor service from 5 August 1917.[55] A more frequent service was running in 1920.[56] By 1928 there were 6 buses a day.[57] A Cambridge-Auckland bus started in 1932.[58]

Bus 20 now runs 8 buses a day.[59]

Cambridge-Karapiro Buses Ltd operated services in the 1940s.[60]
Hamilton-Taupo ? 1923 - Inter City provide buses taking about 2 to 3 hours via Rotorua, or via Tokoroa.[61]

1923 reports said service cars were getting stuck between Putaruru and Taupo.[62] From 1924 a route via Cambridge, Hora Hora, Atiamuri, Wairakei was run by Noel Douglas Robertson[63] until 1928 "owing to competition of the Hawkes Bay and Aard Services"[64][65] Railways Road Services took over the Hamilton-Rotorua route in 1937[66] and combined it with their Auckland route.[67] Until sold off in 2013, there was a bus station in Gascoigne St, but buses now stop on Tongariro St in Taupo.[68]

Tokoroa-Tīrau 2015 The Tokoroa Urban Connector began running on 22 June 2015, serving Tokoroa, Putāruru and Tīrau[69] It is being funded on an annual basis.[70] A Tokoroa-Putāruru-Hamilton service started in 1946.[71]
Te Awamutu - Rotorua A Te Awamutu - Arapuni - Putaruru - Rotorua car started in 1925, taking about 4 hours.[72] A ¾ ton International 'Model S', bodied by Hamilton coachbuilder J. B. Pomeroy, transported workers to Arapuni Dam until its completion in 1929.[73]
Taupo 2004[74] A bus operated by Waipawa Buses[75] serves most of Taupo's suburbs.
Auckland-Napier AARD took 13 hours for a route via Hamilton, Rotorua and Taupo by 1938.[76]


SH1 routes to Huntly and north west - current routes 21 and 44
Route Start Finish Route No. Notes
Hamilton-Huntly 1933 21 Buses daily, mostly hourly, the most frequent Waikato bus outside Hamilton[77]

From 1933 a Hamilton-Pukemiro service was run by Buses Ltd[78] (Blue Buses), though, a year earlier, it had been refused on the ground that there was an adequate train service.[79] Buses Ltd ran the Huntly service at least from 1933.[78][80] In 2006 Pavlovich won the Huntly contract.[81] In 2013 the route was renamed 'Northern Connector' and Sunday services added.[82] From 18 April 2017 each bus has 2 bike racks[83] and GoBus takes over from Pavlovich.[84]

Hamilton to Huntly buses all had a 40-minute timetable in 2004,[85] but most were then allowed 55 minutes,[86] then 52 mins.[87] From 29 January 2019 'Huntly Assist' services have been operated by a MAN double decker bus.[88]

Hamilton - Pukekohe 44 via Te Kauwhata - Meremere - ran fortnightly[89] until becoming Mon-Fri in 2019.[87] Route 44 is operated by GoBus.[12]
Hamilton-Auckland The earliest coach service seems to date back to 1872, departing 6am, arriving 7.30pm, and running alternate days in each direction.[90] Direct Motors was advertising two sedan cars a day in 1928.[91] By 1938 NZR Road Services advertised 3 hours for the journey.[92] Inter City now run 17 buses a day.[93]
Port Waikato-Pukekohe Thursday only bus.[94]
Hamilton-Orini Although licenses were refused for Orini and Whitikahu in 1938,[95] these rural areas, north east of Hamilton, had a bus to the city until about 1970.[96]
Glen Massey-Ngāruawāhia ? ? Walkers Transport, Ngāruawāhia[97]
Te Akau-Ngāruawāhia 1921 Robert Gibb ran a 1920 International from 21 Jan 1921,[98] which ran alternate days and took about 3½ hrs.[99]

SH26 routes to Morrinsville and SH2 routes to east - current routes 22 and 25
Route Start Finish Route No. Notes
Hamilton-Paeroa ?1923 - 22 A mail coach to Te Aroha met trains in 1881.[53] A Coromandel-Thames service car was running in 1920.[100] Buses Ltd took over the A L Dent Te Aroha-Hamilton service in 1932.[101]

The Hamilton-Morrinsville-Paeroa bus is least frequent of the buses connecting Hamilton with neighbouring towns.[102] Bus 25 linked Hamilton and Coromandel along the same route,[103] until April 2017.[104] From 18 April 2017 the service was cut back to Paeroa, using a bus with 2 bike racks[105] and GoBus took over[84] from Turley Motors.[106] A Coromandel - Paeroa - Rotorua service started on 8 May 2017,[107] but was suspended when Naked Buses were sold to Ritchies on 15 July 2018.[108] InterCity provides a Thames-Coromandel-Whitianga link.[109]

Thames 2017 The tramway to Tararu closed in 1874.[110] The bus service to Tararu and other parts of the coast closed in June 1972.[111] A trial service of 5 buses a day on a local service began in 2017.[112] It carried 852 passengers in its first month.[11]
Auckland-Paeroa-Waihi 1922 - A Thames-Paeroa service had probably started in 1914, a Thames-Turua service car started in 1919, and services to Ngatea, Pokeno and Auckland in 1922.[113] An AARD service advertised in 1926 as connecting with services to Thames, Waihi and Te Aroha,[114] was later extended to Ōpōtiki.[115] The Thames services were taken over by NZR in 1947.[113]
Waihi-Tauranga ?1919 - A 1919 photo showed a service car outside Waihi Post Office.[116] AARD service advertised in 1926 took 3½hrs.[114] InterCity[117] now schedule an hour for the 60 km (37 mi).
Auckland-Morrinsville-Te Aroha-Matamata-Tauranga/Rotorua-Taupo 1928 1981 A Matamata-Tauranga motor service was being advertised in 1916[118] and Auckland-Paeroa and Thames in 1926.[119]

Edwards Motors Ltd ran a daily[120] service from 1928 to 1981,[121] being renamed Midland-Edwards Coachlines Ltd from March 1969.[122] In Matamata a purpose built terminal in Broadway was erected in 1954.[123] Edwards Motors Morrinsville Bus Depot was on the corner of Canada and Thames Street in 1968.[124] In 1955 services were being run to Auckland, Tauranga, Hamilton, Rotorua, Paeroa and Putāruru, with a head office and garage at Gittos St, Auckland.[125] Edwards Motors imported 2 Bedford SB coaches with Duple Vega bodies in 1952/53 for its Auckland - Morrinsville - Matamata service.[126] Edwards introduced New Zealand's first rear-engined coaches in the summer of 1948, Reo No 21 “The Landliner” for its Auckland–Morrinsville–Matamata–Tauranga service, and, in 1956, the Bedford “Vistaliner” coaches.[127]

W J Stanley got a licence for Matamata-Tauranga in 1936.[128] In 1938 the service car (photo) was caught by a bridge collapse.[129]

Matamata is now served by InterCity Hamilton-Tauranga and Auckland-Rotorua routes.[130]

Hamilton-Matamata Edwards Motors was running this route by 1933, together with a Waharoa service.[131] In 2017 Matamata Piako District Council asked for a viability study into restoring a service.[132]
Matamata-Okauia Service to hot springs in 1933.[78]
Tauranga-Matamata 1916 Service car met Auckland trains - run by H M Griffiths.[133] By 1926 it was part of the AARD services.[114] Trains reached Tauranga in 1927.

SH23 routes to west coast - current route 23
Route Start Finish Route No. Notes
Hamilton-Raglan 1880 23 A coach service started as soon as the road was built. A motor service car was introduced about 1915[64] Operators included Alic Jackson (1880),[134] C.R. Johnston, Hamilton (1895),[135] Dalgleish & McDonald, J.K. Jefferies & Co.,[64] Bob Aitken,[136] R.T. (Dick) Turpin, Noel Douglas Robertson, H. Rogers, Fordy Wade, M. Pavlovich (1966),[64] and, currently, GoBus.[75] From 18 April 2017 each bus has 2 bike racks, an extra weekday bus runs and Sunday buses are restored.[137] A MAN ND323F double decker[138] started operating a peak hour service to Hamilton in the mornings and return in the afternoons from 29 January 2019.[139]
Kawhia-Hamilton 1922 c.1923 From March 1922 a two and a half hour, Pakoka Landing to Frankton, via Te Mata, “Silver Trail”, bus service started, with a motor launch connection to Kawhia on Fridays.[140] Problems with rough roads and tides caused it to fail. (see also SH3 route below)
Kawhia-Auckland 1938 1976 In 1938 Western Highways started a service from Kawhia to Auckland via Makomako, Te Mata, Waingaro and Tuakau (via Highway 22) and back the next day. In 1946 Brosnan Motors started a daily run, leaving Kawhia at 5.45am, arriving at Auckland at 1pm, returning at 2 pm. and back at Kawhia about 9.30pm. In 1950 Brosnan Motors sold the Raglan-Kawhia section to Norman Rankin, who ended it in 1952. Brosnan Motors sold the Raglan-Auckland route to Pavlovich Motors in 1971. The first bus used on the Auckland-Kawhia run was a 7-seater Studebaker. Then a 10-seater Dodge used by Norman Collett later gave way to a 14-seater Oldsmobile. As the roads improved 18 and 21-seater Diamond T buses took over. Later 40-seaters ran from Raglan to Auckland,[141] until Pavlovich closed the route in 1976.[142] Pavlovich later said the route had been purchased to gain a licence with access to the Auckland area.[81]
Te Pahu-Hamilton A Te Pahu-Whatwhata-Hamilton motor mail service was advertised in 1916[143] and 1917.[144]
Pirongia-Hamilton Lewis Hodgson took over a Pirongia-Whatawhata-Hamilton route in 1932.[145]

SH3 routes to Te Awamutu and south west - current route 24
Route Start Finish Route No. Notes
Hamilton-Te Awamutu 24 GoBus run a daily service.[146] Hodgson's ran the service from at least 1933[78] Hodgsons became Hodgsons GoBus[147] and the service was augmented to include weekend and additional weekday journeys in December 2010.[148] The increase was from 4 to 8 buses on weekdays,[149] with 3 at weekends.[150]
Hamilton-Pirongia 1926 ? Noel Douglas Robertson,[65] 1903 photo of coach and horses By 1933 Hodgsons were running a route via Te Awamutu.[78]
Hamilton-Kawhia An AARD service via Te Awamutu ran daily from 1926[151] to 1931.[152] By 1932 Advance Cars ran it only between Kawhia and Te Awamutu[153] and it was still running in 1939.[154] (see also SH23 route above)
Hamilton-New Plymouth An Awakino-Waitara mail coach was running by 1911[155] and by 1916[156] service cars replaced it in summer[157] and the 1917 timetable was much faster,[158] with a regular Te Kuiti-New Plymouth service car from 1925, connecting with Auckland trains.[159] A Hamilton-Te Kuiti service car caught fire in 1925.[160] AARD and White Star through services advertised in 1926 took 10hrs.[114] InterCity now schedule 4 hours for the 241 km (150 mi).[161]
Hangatiki-Waitomo AARD service advertised in 1926 as meeting north and south-bound trains.[114]
Waitomo-Rotorua 1927 ? via Kihi Kihi-Pukeatua-Arapuni-Mamaku run by Noel Douglas Robertson, then New Zealand Railways Road Services from 1940[64]
Te Kuiti-Moeatoa 1920 From 1920 service cars served Piopio daily and other places such as Mahoenui and Marokopa a few times a week.[162] An Auckland Weekly News photo of 12 March 1925 showed a service car at Waitanguru "about 20 miles from Te Kuiti" and a New Zealand Herald report later that year said the mail bus to the west coast via Mairoa and Waitanguru had been resumed after floods.[163]

Education and Health buses
Taumarunui - Hamilton bus parked in Caro St, Hamilton in 2019

In addition to the buses of commercial operators and those supported by Regional Council, there is a large network of buses serving schools and a much smaller one serving hospitals. The first school bus in the country ran in Waikato on 1 April 1924, allowing local schools near Piopio to be closed.[164] Many companies now run school bus services, including GoBus,[165] Cambridge Travel Lines[166] and Murphy.[167] The Ministry of Education set 1 July 2018 as a date to withdraw ten school buses it considered could be accommodated on public buses.[168] However, that was reduced to a possible two (Cambridge to St Johns and Morrinsville to Sacred Heart) in 2017.[169]

The health buses are mainly funded by the District Health Board and link Waikato Hospital to most of the regions towns and some outside the region, such as Taumarunui.[170][171]

From February 2017 University of Waikato is using car parking fees to subsidise student fares by 30%[172] and provide new bus links to Tokoroa, Putāruru, Ngāruawāhia, Huntly, Te Kauwhata, Thames, Piopio, Te Kuiti, Otorohanga, Matamata, Coromandel, Whitianga and Whangamata.[173]

History
AARD Hudson buses at Frankton Junction early 1920s loaded with mailbags. Buses continued to carry parcels until at least the 1960s.[174]

Public transport in Waikato started with ships and boats serving rivers, coastal beaches and ports. Those on the Waikato and Waipa were gradually displaced by the extending North Island Main Trunk railway and its branches. As roads developed, coaches started to link railway stations with other settlements.

From about 1915 service cars replaced coaches, though there were many accounts of poor roads (see External links). By 1924 the service car network[175] was more extensive than the current services.[176] In 1929 the Northern Steamship Co ended its passenger services,[177] which had served ports such as Coromandel, Kawhia, Port Waikato, Raglan, Tairua, Thames and Whangamata.[178] Some services were suspended during World War 2 due to rubber and petrol shortages.[179]

Waikato had only one passenger tram route and that just from 1871 to 1874.[110] In 1906 Hamilton's mayor proposed a tram to link with Frankton Junction,[180] but voters rejected it.[181]

The Land Transport Act 1998 added transport to Regional Council's responsibilities.[182]

Patronage

Totals of rural and urban passenger journeys per financial year in Waikato

Sources 1962–76,[183] 1991–95,[184] 1996–2001,[185] 2002–2007,[186] 2008,[187] 2009/10,[148] 2011/12,[188] 2013/14,[189] 2014/15,[188] 2016,[190] 2017,[11] 2018,[191] 2019.[192]

In the year to March 2016 patronage in Hamilton was down 6.4% to 3,636,214[193] and declined a further 5.3% in Hamilton, and 4.1% on satellite routes, to February 2017.[194] Hamilton patronage was down 0.5% in the year to July 2018, but up 0.19% with satellite routes included.[191]

This table shows patronage by routes for the year to January 2017 -[195]

route patronage change from 2016
52 Orbiter & CBD Shuttle 1,035,003 -10.2%
21 Northern Connector (Huntly) 242,110 -3.4%
2 Silverdale 208,521 -1.3%
16 Rototuna 180,030 -8.8%
8 Frankton 173,344 -7.3%
6 Mahoe 153,155 -2.4%
3 Dinsdale 148,164 -1.7%
18 Te Rapa 140,598 -5%
13 University 133,236 -2.7%
17 Hamilton E / University 125,853 -2.4%
9 Nawton 118,541 -6.3%
12 Fitzroy 115,903 -3.5%
1 Pukete 113,700 -5.5%
4 Flagstaff 109,986 -5.5%
14 Claudelands 105,947 -5.5%
7 Glenview 102,517 -3.9%
10 Hillcrest 94,272 -5.1%
11 Fairfield 92,185 -12.2%
50 Rototuna direct 75,068 24.7%
5 Chartwell 67,799 -1.6%
24 Te Awamutu 65,937 -4%
23 Raglan 60,022 -0.6%
26 Bremworth / Temple View 56,771 -5.5%
20 Cambridge 49,285 -4.7%
15 Ruakura 47,181 -7.8%
21 Northern Connector (Hamilton) 45,611 1.7%
22 Morrinsville/Paeroa 27,886 -1.9%
Cathedral Cove, Hahei 27,000[196] (summer only)
Taupo 24,912[197] (2015 figure)
Special events 20,471 37.4%
4N Flagstaff North 16,771 (new route)
29 Hamilton Gardens 10,916 10.3%
South Waikato Urban Connector 2,232[198] (14 weeks in 2015)
30 Northerner 4,176 -0.1%
41 Huntly Internal service 2,829 1.9%
Night Rider East 1,128 -2.6%
Night Rider West 583 -4.7%

Overcrowding

Patronage varies greatly, with all seats taken on the Orbiter at rush hours and over 60% full on the Northern Connector (serving Huntly and The Base), Raglan and Silverdale routes. However, a dozen routes have less than a quarter of seats taken in an average rush hour. Over 1,300 buses were full to capacity in 2015/16, 482 of them on the Orbiter route.[199] This has provoked complaints,[200] particularly concerning the infrequent Raglan bus,[201] which was fully loaded 22 times in 2015/16.[199]

Infrastructure

Transport Centre
Plaque near the main entrance.

Most of Waikato's buses start and end their journeys at the Transport Centre on the corner of Anglesea St and Bryce St, formerly the Ellis and Burnand timber yard.[202][203] The map of the Centre shows 27 stops in and around it. As well as bus stops and shelters, it has toilets, a cafe, an information counter and a booking office. It opened in 2001 and was designed by Worley Architects.[204] Prior to that the Transport Centre was the name later given to the late 1960s[205] bus station on the other side of Bryce St (now The Warehouse, but once the NZR Road Services depot and bus stops[206]), which was linked by a ramp to the underground station at Hamilton Central.[207] That site and the current centre and neighbouring properties are now included in Development Site 4 in the City's local area plan.[208] In earlier years buses had several terminals, including Frankton Junction[209] and Garden Place.[210]

Sportworks bike carrier on a Volvo B7RLE GoBus in 2017

Bicycle racks
GoBus Hamilton-Huntly, Raglan and Paeroa contracts from 18 April 2017 include free wi-fi and bike racks

The camber of Bryce St at the exit from the Centre has been a reason for Hamilton being the largest city in the country[211][212][213][214] not to carry bicycles on any of its public transport.[215][216] The entrance has been modified to avoid buses gouging the tar seal on Bryce St,[217] but there is still little clearance to allow for bike racks.[218] This probably explains why a 2011 policy to "investigate the feasibility of bikes on buses in the Waikato region"[219] is not in the 2015 Plan.[176] Cycle racks are on Huntly, Paeroa and Raglan buses from 18 April 2017,[84] Cambridge buses from late 2017[11] and Te Awamutu from late 2018.[220] A Regional Council agenda recommended its Regional Public Transport Plan 2018 - 2028 should not provide for bike racks on Hamilton buses.[221]

Wheelchair accessible buses

In 2014 $4 million spent on 10 low-floor MAN buses made the Hamilton fleet fully wheelchair accessible.[222] A Total Mobility subsidised taxi scheme also operates in Hamilton, Taupo and Tokoroa.[223] Local mobility schemes exist in Huntly, Raglan,[224] Coromandel, Thames, Tairua, Whitianga,[225] Paeroa,[226] Morrinsville, Te Aroha,[227] Cambridge, Te Awamutu,[228] Tokoroa, Putāruru, Tīrau,[229] and Te Kuiti.[230]

Information technology

A smartcard marketed as a BusIt Card was introduced in 2003. It gives roughly a 30% discount.[231] About 40,000 (10% of Waikato's population)[232] are in use.[233] Cards cost $5.[234]

In 2017/18 solar-powered, real-time arrival information boards were installed at 5 bus stops[235] and CCTV and wifi on buses.[29] The Transit app was introduced in 2017, allowing mobile phone users to track buses and plan journeys.[236]

Funding

When fares were increased by 12½%[237] and buses after 6pm and all Sunday services were ended in 1971, Buses Ltd claimed to be losing about $26,000 a year.[238] The options then mooted were tax cuts, or local or national subsidy.[239]

Under the Public Transport Management Act 2008 (which replaced the Transport Services Licensing Act 1989) regional councils can manage bus and ferry services within their regions.[240] Since 2013 this has been under the Public Transport Operating Model.[241] Just over a third of operating costs come from fares.[24]

A Passenger Transport Rate was first levied in Hamilton in 1994. In 1996 it collected $1.033m, in 1997 $1.077m,[242] in 1998 $1.187m, in 1999 $1.275m, $1.278m in 2001,[243] in 2001 $1.453m, in 2002 $1.519m,[244] in 2005 $3,626m,[245] in 2007 $5.503m, and $6.237m in 2008.[246] By 2003 only 3 (Raglan, Te Awamutu and Thames) of 33 routes ran without subsidy.[185] Fare revenue was $3.606m in 2007 and, after a fare increase, $4.178m in 2008.[246] Contracted services cost $2.199m in 1995, $2.255m in 1996,[242] $2.798m in 1997 ($1.902m bus, $0.285m mobility),[247] $3.042m in 1999,[243] and was estimated at about $20m a year in the 2015-2025 Plan.[248] In 2016/17 total funding was $23,34m.[249] In 2019/20 public transport made up 4% of regional government spending on transport, less than half the 11% being spent on the Waikato Expressway. $22.4m went to bus services, $17.8m of that in Hamilton, $4m for buses from rural towns to Hamilton and $0.6m for buses in Thames, Tokoroa and Taupo.[250]

A Regional Petrol Tax, levied in Hamilton (0.265 cents a litre in 1996),[251] supported public transport from 1992 to 1996.[252] A plan to reintroduce the tax was dropped in 2009,[253] leading to a fare increase and shelving of improvements planned for increased hours, an Eastern Loop and a Rototuna Dial a Ride.[254] The tax was also levied from 1971[255] to 1974.[256]

Staffing

In December 2016, it was reported that Pavlovich Coachlines passengers would receive free rides due to a worker protest.[257]

In October 2017 First Union presented a petition to Regional Council asking for contracts with bus companies to include a requirement to pay a living wage.[258] It was reported that some drivers were being paid the minimum wage.[259]

2009 39-seat BCI Orbiter buses at The Base, showing solar powered Radiola passenger information system on left, introduced in 2005[260]

See also (railways, etc)
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References
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