Prut

The Prut (also spelled in English as Pruth; Romanian pronunciation: [prut], Ukrainian: Прут) is a 953 km (592 mi) long river in Eastern Europe.[2] It is a left tributary of the Danube.[3][4] In part of its course it forms Romania's border with Moldova and Ukraine.

For the village in Ukraine, see Mahala, Novoselytsia Raion.
Prut
Porata, Pyretus
Map of the Prut River
Location
CountryUkraine, Romania, Moldova
Oblasts/
Counties/
Districts		Ukraine: Ivano-Frankivsk O.,
Chernivtsi O.
Romania: Botoșani C., Iași C.,
Vaslui C., Galați C.
Moldova Briceni D., Edineț D.,
Rîșcani D., Glodeni D., Fălești D.,
Ungheni D., Nisporeni D.,
Hîncești D., Leova D., Cantemir D.,
Cahul D.
CitiesKolomyia, Chernivtsi, Ungheni,
Leova, Cahul
Physical characteristics
SourceCarpathian Mountains
 • locationMt. Hoverla, Ivano-Frankivsk O., Ukraine
MouthDanube
 • location
Giurgiulești, Romania/Moldova
 • coordinates
45°28′8″N 28°12′28″E
Length953 km (592 mi)
Basin size27,540 km2 (10,630 sq mi)
Discharge 
 • average110 m3/s (3,900 cu ft/s)
Basin features
ProgressionDanube→ Black Sea
Tributaries 
 • rightCheremosh, Jijia
Official namePrut River Headwaters
Designated20 March 2019
Reference no.2395[1]

Characteristics

The Prut originates on the eastern slope of Mount Hoverla, in the Carpathian Mountains in Ukraine (Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast). At first, the river flows to the north. Near Yaremche it turns to the northeast, and near Kolomyia to the south-east. Having reached the border between Moldova and Romania, it turns even more to the south-east, and then to the south. It eventually joins the Danube near Giurgiulești, east of Galați and west of Reni.

Between 1918 and 1939, the river was partly in Poland and partly in Greater Romania (Romanian: România Mare). Prior to World War I, it served as a border between Romania and the Russian Empire. After World War II, the river once again demarcated a border, this time between Romania and the Soviet Union. Nowadays, for a length of 31 km, it forms the border between Romania and Ukraine, and for 711 km, it forms the border between Romania and Moldova.[2] It has a hydrographic basin of 27,540 km2,[5] of which 10,990 km2 are in Romania[4] and 7,790 km2 in Moldova. The largest city along its banks is Chernivtsi, Ukraine.

The Stânca-Costești Dam, operated jointly by Moldova and Romania, is built on the Prut. There is also a Hydro-Electric Station in Sniatyn, (Ukraine). Ships travel from the river's mouth to the port city of Leova (southern Moldova).

The lowermost part of the basin is strongly marshy. The average discharge at its mouth is 110 m3/s (3,900 cu ft/s).[5] The average discharge at the city of Leova is 69.2 m³/s. The slope of the river varies from 100 m / km (near the source) to 0.05 m / km (near the mouth). In the upper reaches (to Delyatyn) it has a mountainous character, with a steep right bank, sometimes the cross-sectional profile of the channel has the form of a ridge. Near the city of Yaremche is the waterfall of Probiy. Spring floods, summer rain floods, high winter runoff (due to thawing and rains). Sliced from January to February until the beginning of March.

About the name

The Prut was known in Antiquity as the Pyretus (Ancient Greek Πυρετός), or Scythian Porata (possibly),[6] Hierasus (Ἱερασός) or Gerasius.[7] Herodotus lists the Prut, under the name of Porata or Pyretus, as being among the five rivers flowing through the Scythian country which swell the Danube.[8] In the second volume of the Ottoman-Bulgarian chronicles of Iman "Jagfar Tarihi" (1680) the Prut River is referred to as Burat. And in the Byzantine treatise of Constantine Porphyrogennetos "On the management of the empire" it is mentioned as the Brut river (Chap. 38) or as Burat (Chapter 42).

Towns

The following towns are situated along the river Prut, from source to mouth: Yaremche, Deliatyn, Lanchyn, Kolomyia, Sniatyn, Chernivtsi, Novoselytsia, Darabani, Lipcani, Ungheni, Leova, Cantemir and Cahul

Tributaries

The following rivers are tributaries to the river Prut (source to mouth):[4]

Left: Turka, Chorniava, Sovytsia, Rokytna, Rynhach, Cherlena, Larga (Briceni), Vilia, Lopatnic, Racovăț, Ciuhur, Camenca, Delia, Nârnova, Lăpușna, Sărata, Larga (Cantemir)

Right: Pistynka, Rybnytsia, Cheremosh, Derelui, Hertsa, Poiana, Cornești, Isnovăț, Rădăuți, Ghireni, Volovăț, Badu, Bașeu, Corogea, Berza Veche, Râioasa, Soloneț, Cerchezoaia, Jijia, Bohotin, Moșna, Pruteț, Gârla Boul Bătrân, Copăceana, Belciug, Elan, Horincea, Oancea, Stoeneșa, Brănești, Chineja

Historical events
Main article: Pruth River Campaign
Alexandros Ypsilantis crosses the Pruth [in 1822] by Peter von Hess, Benaki Museum, Athens.

During the Russo-Turkish War of 1710–1711, on 19 July 1711 Russian forces initially divided among Peter the Great's army on the west bank and Boris Sheremetev's army on the east bank of the Pruth and allied with Dimitrie Cantemir, the ruler of Moldova, met with the Ottoman army led by Grand Vizier Baltaci Mehmed Pasha. The Turks and Crimean Tatars attacked first against Sheremetev, who then retreated to the other side to join Peter the Great. Afterwards the Russian army set up a defensive camp between Stănilești (Stanileshti) and the river, which was then completely surrounded by the Ottoman army. Negotiations started on 21 July 1711 and the Treaty of the Prut was signed on 23 July 1711. After this treaty, Dimitrie Cantemir had to go in exile at Moscow. This treaty means the end of local dynasties of kings and inauguration of Greek rulers from the Fanar Qunarter of Istanbul (Phanariotes.

A bit more than a century later, in 1821, the Greek Nationalist leader Alexander Ypsilantis crossed the Prut river at Sculeni, with the intention of touching off a rebellion in the Danubian Principalities. Though the Wallachian uprising ultimately failed - due especially to irreconcilable differences between Ypsilantis and his Wallachian ally Tudor Vladimirescu - it did touch off the Greek War of Independence, leading to the Kingdom of Greece gaining independence ten years later. In the Principalities it led to the end of the aforementioned Greek Phanariote rule, and indirectly to increasing self-government and eventually to the independence of Romania several decades later. In Greek history, Ypsilantis' crossing of the Prut is an important historical event, commemorated in a famous painting displayed at Athens.

Sydir Vorobkevych: Within that Prut Valley (Над Прутом у лузі).[9]

Within that Prut Valley a cabin rests close
In which lives a lassie—a beautiful rose:
Her eyes like the bright stars that lighten the sky;
When you see them, laddie, you'll pause with a sigh.

Within that Prut Valley the moon does not shine,
'Tis only a lover has come to his shrine.
A sweet conversation in murmur now goes
While dreamy old river just quietly flows.

Within that Prut Valley the flowers are plucked
And wreathes for the wedding with myrtle are tucked;
Inside of the cabin play fiddles and bass
While friends sing together: To their Happiness!
Translated by Waldimir Semenyna (13 October 1933, Ukrainian Weekly).

Bridges
gollark: --achieve test
gollark: Wow. Incredible. Amazing.
gollark: --achieve test
gollark: --achieve test
gollark: --achieve test

See also

References
  1. "Prut River Headwaters". Ramsar Sites Information Service. Retrieved 10 September 2019.
  2. O. Islam, A. Savin, T. Belous (December 2006). "Prut River Basin Management - Case Study" (PDF). Centre for Environmentally Sustainable Economic Policy. p. 15.CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  3. "Planul național de management. Sinteza planurilor de management la nivel de bazine/spații hidrografice, anexa 7.1" (PDF, 5.1 MB). Administrația Națională Apele Române. 2010. pp. 1022–1024.
  4. Atlasul cadastrului apelor din România. Partea 1 (in Romanian). Bucharest: Ministerul Mediului. 1992. pp. 445–463. OCLC 895459847. River code: XIII.1
  5. Danube River Basin District, Part A - Roof Report, IPCDR, p 12
  6. Herodotus, translated by Thomas Gaisford and edited by Peter Edmund Laurent, The Nine Books of the History of Herodotus, Henry Slatter 1846, p. 299
  7. Peter Heather, The Goths, Blackwell Publishing, 1998, p. 100
  8. See Herodotus 4.48.
  9. "1933" The Ukrainian Weekly 1933-02.pdf (in English)
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.