Protomonaxonida

Protomonaxonida is an extinct order of sea sponges. It is a paraphyletic group gathering the most ancient species from the Burgess Shale to modern sponges.

Protomonaxonida Temporal range: 516.0–508 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Porifera
Class:	Demospongiae
Order:	†Protomonaxonida Finks et al. 2004[1]
Families
†Choiidae †Halichondritidae †Hamptoniidae †Hazeliidae †Leptomitidae †Lobatospongia †Piraniidae †Takakkawiidae †Ulospongiellidae †Wapkiidae

Families and genera

• Family †Choiidae Laubenfels, 1925
  • Genus †Allantospongia Rigby & Hou, 1995[2]
  • Genus †Choia Walcott, 1920[3]
  • Genus †Choiaella Rigby & Hou, 1995[2]
  • Genus †Lenica Goryanskiy, 1977
• Family †Halichondritidae Rigby, 1986[4]
  • Genus †Halichondrites Walcott, 1920[3]
  • Genus †Pohlispongia Rigby & von Bitter, 2005[5]
• Family †Hamptoniidae De Laubenfels, 1955
  • Genus †Hamptonia Walcott, 1920[3]
  • Genus †Hamptoniella Rigby & Collins, 2004[6]
• Family †Hazeliidae De Laubenfels, 1955
  • Genus †Crumillospongia Rigby, 1986[4]
  • Genus †Falospongia Rigby, 1986[4]
  • Genus †Hazelia Walcott, 1920[3]
• Family †Leptomitidae De Laubenfels, 1955
  • Genus †Leptomitus Walcott, 1886
  • Genus †Paraleptomitella Chen et al., 1989
  • Genus †Wareiella Rigby & Harris, 1979
• Genus †Lobatospongia Rigby et al., 2007
• Family †Piraniidae De Laubenfels, 1955
  • Genus †Moleculospina Rigby, 1986[4]
  • Genus †Pirania Walcott, 1920[3]
• Family †Takakkawiidae De Laubenfels, 1955
  • Genus †Takakkawia Walcott, 1920[3]
• Family †Ulospongiellidae Rigby & Collins, 2004[6]
  • Genus †Hapalospongia Rigby & Collins, 2004[6]
  • Genus †Ulospongiella Rigby & Collins, 2004[6]
• Family †Wapkiidae De Laubenfels, 1955
  • Genus †Wapkia Walcott, 1920[3]

The following families from the order Hadromerida are also sometimes placed in Protomonaxonida:

• Family Sollasellidae von Lendenfeld, 1887
  • Genus †Luterospongia Rigby et al., 2008
  • Genus †Mckittrickella Rigby et al., 2007
  • Genus †Monaxoradiata Rigby & Bell, 2006
  • Genus †Opetionella Zittel, 1878
  • Genus †Rhizopsis Schrammen, 1910
  • Genus †Stramentella Gerasimov, 1960
  • Genus †Trichospongiella Rigby, 1971
• Family Tethyidae Gray, 1867
  • Genus Tethya Lamarck, 1814

References

1. Porifera (Demospongea, Hexactinellida, Heteractinida, Calcarea). Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology Part E, Revised E(3), R. M. Finks, R. E. H. Reid, and J. K. Rigby. 2004, pages 1-872
2. Rigby, J. K.; Hou, X.-G. (1995). "Lower Cambrian demosponges and hexactinellid sponges from Yunnan, China". Journal of Paleontology. 69 (6): 1009–1019. doi:10.1017/S0022336000037999. JSTOR 1306406.
3. Walcott, C. D. (1920). "Cambrian geology and paleontology IV:6—Middle Cambrian Spongiae". Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections. 67: 261–364.
4. Rigby, J. K. (1986). "Sponges of the Burgess shale (Middle Cambrian), British Columbia". Palaeontographica Canadiana (2).
5. Rigby, J. K.; von Bitter, P. (2005). "Sponges and associated fossils from the Pennsylvanian Carbondale Formation of northwestern Illinois". Journal of Paleontology. 79 (3): 460–468. doi:10.1666/0022-3360(2005)079<0460:SAAFFT>2.0.CO;2.
6. Rigby, J. K.; Collins, D. (2004). "Sponges of the Middle Cambrian Burgess Shale and Stephen Formations, British Columbia". ROM contributions in science. 1. ISBN 0-88854-443-X. ISSN 1710-7768.

External links

• Data related to Protomonaxonida at Wikispecies
• Protomonaxonida at fossilworks