Proposals for Assyrian autonomy in Iraq

Throughout history there were few proposals for the establishment of an autonomy or an independent state for the Syriac-speaking Assyrians in northern Iraq.

Historical proposals

Current proposals
The Nineveh plains within Nineveh province

19th governorate

Currently, two major Assyrian parties (Assyrian Democratic Movement and Chaldean Syriac Assyrian Popular Council) call for a creation of a 19th governorate which will incorporate Shekhan, Al-Hamdaniya and Tel Keppe districts of Ninawa Governorate. This proposal is pushed by two above mentioned parties as a new governorate for all minorities living there. Various estimates say that new province population will have the following ethno-religious makeup:

During June, 2017, a conference was held in Brussels dubbed, The Future for Christians in Iraq.[5] The conference was organised by the European People's Party and had participants extending from Assyrian/Chaldean/Syriac organizations, including representatives from the Iraqi government and the KRG. The conference was boycotted by the Assyrian Democratic Movement, Sons of Mesopotamia, Assyrian Patriotic Party, Chaldean Catholic Church and Assyrian Church of the East. A position paper was signed by the remaining political organizations involved.[6]

Support – The proposal has been backed by the majority of Shia Arabs and Kurdish parties.

  • Jalal Talabani, President of Iraq[7]
  • Sadrist Members of Parliament block[8]
  • Islamic Dawa Party block of Iraqi Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki[8]
  • The three main Syriac Christian Bishops in the area, One Syriac Catholic, and two Syriac Orthodox, in 2017, came out in support of the idea of a protected area for Syriac Christians. Though the Patriarch has stated the priority should be other concerns.

Some foreign governments and political parties have also weighed in on the issue:

  • The Swedish political party Folkpartiet declared full support of an Assyrian administration by means of activating Article 125.[9]
  • The Australian Federal Government through the Labor, Liberal & Christian Democratic Party support an autonomous Assyrian state in Iraq.[10][11]

Oppose – It has been opposed by Sunni Arabs who make up the majority of the city of Mosul.

Assyrian Administrative Region

Some Assyrian organizations also call for a creation of an Assyrian Administrative Region in Northern Iraq, which would include the following districts:[14]

Ninawa Governorate
Dohuk Governorate

Several Assyrian political parties convened to sign a position paper on the 6th of March 2017 relating to the future of the Nineveh Plains.[15] The position paper called for the creation of a Nineveh Plains province that is self-governed by the Assyrian population of the Nineveh Plain.

Incorporation with Kurdistan region

Many Kurdish politicians have publicly come out in support of annexing the area to the Kurdistan Regional Government as their fourth governorate (after Dohuk, Erbil and Slemani). Some Assyrians claim Masoud Barzani's KDP is intimidating the population into demanding their region be annexed. This is a controversial issue and the population has different views on the matter as revealed by a WikiLeaks document released in 2011:[16]

In a July 3 meeting with PRT and US Army civil affairs personnel, Mayor of Tal Kaif District Basim Bello said Assyrians in Ninewa Province feel intimidated by the Kurds and suffer from a lack of essential services. Bello said the solution lies in the inclusion of all groups in the provincial government. He said civil rights protections for Christians will continue to be a concern whether predominantly Christian areas remain part of Ninewa or join the KRG. He reiterated his party's position that the Christian areas of Ninewa should form an autonomous region under Article 125 of the constitution. In a separate meeting with Father Dinkha Issa, the Assyrian Christian priest in Al Qosh, Dhinka expressed hope the church could help bring peace to an area that he described as "disputed between two governments" (the Government of Iraq and the KRG). Unlike Basim, Dhinka said there have been no problems with intimidation or interference from political parties or Kurdish security forces. A new orphanage building, funded by ex-KRG Minister of Finance Sarkis Aghajan, was nearly finished.

— Ninawa PRT, Ninewa: Diversity of Views From Assyrian Christian Leaders in Alqosh, WikiLeaks

Some Assyrian political parties[17] have called for the establishment of an Assyrian-governed Nineveh Plains province as part of the KRG. The province would include the districts of Tel Keppe District, Al-Hamdaniya and Shekhan, and would be governed by the local Assyrian population of the region. Parts of the Nineveh Plain has illegally annexed and been under the jurisdiction of the KRG and Peshmerga, leading to the inclusion of sections of the Nineveh Plain as a "disputed area" and thus the KRG referendum, 2017 will take place in this occupied territory.

Al-Rafidain Autonomous Region

On March 5, 2017, three bodies representing Assyrians, Yazidis and Turkmen issued a joint statement calling for a semi-autonomous region in Northern Iraq. The idea was pushed forward by the Turkmen Rescue Foundation, Yazidi Independent Supreme Council and the Al-Rafidain Organization.[18]

The project was proposed in line with Iraq's 2005 Constitution, which gives minorities the right to autonomy or self-administration in sub-units of territory (Chapter 1; Sections 5, 112, 115 and 116).

“The proposal of a region for the minorities is in line with the Iraqi Constitution and doesn’t contradict the general move to share powers and or let minorities manage their own affairs”, said Ali Akram Al-Bayati of the Turkmen Rescue Foundation.

The canton would comprise three continuous regions: Sinjar, Tal Afar and the Nineveh Plain.[19]

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gollark: And yet… that?
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gollark: Wow.
gollark: They're çarbon neutral!

See also

References
  1. "1935: League of Nations — The Settlement of the Assyrians, a Work of Humanity and Appeasement". www.atour.com.
  2. "Assyrian National Petition - United Nations, May 7, 1945". www.atour.com.
  3. "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-02-23. Retrieved 2017-08-09.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  4. "Assyrian Case for Autonomy". www.betnahrain.net.
  5. https://www.nineveh.eu/
  6. https://www.scribd.com/document/352513487/The-Future-of-the-Nineveh-Plain
  7. Iraqi President Supports Assyrian Autonomous Region
  8. Multiple Arab Parties Support Nineveh Plains Self-Rule Project
  9. Swedish Liberal Party Votes to Support Assyrian Administrative Area in Iraq, Assyrian International News Agency
  10. http://www.aina.org/news/20140820172735.htm
  11. http://www.aina.org/news/2013060419009.htm
  12. "Christian organizations in the United States calling for the development of the province in the Nineveh Plain and granting autonomy". Archived from the original on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2011-10-09.
  13. Sunni Arabs Oppose to New Province in Ninewa Plateau
  14. Proposed Assyrian Administrative Region Assyrian International News Agency
  15. http://europeanpost.co/iraqi-christians-ask-eu-to-support-the-creation-of-a-nineveh-plain-province/
  16. Viewing cable 08BAGHDAD2139, NINEWA: DIVERSITY OF VIEWS FROM ASSYRIAN CHRISTIAN
  17. http://www.fredaprim.com/pdfs/2006/KDPandNinevehPlain-Assyria.pdf
  18. http://www.agos.com.tr/en/article/18082/we-believe-that-trump-will-support-christian-autonomous-region-in-iraq
  19. http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2017/03/rafedin-minorities-iraq-nineveh-plain-autonomy.html
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