Prince João Maria of Orléans-Braganza

Prince João Maria of Orléans-Braganza (15 October 1916 – 26 June 2005) was a French-born Brazilian soldier, pilot and airline executive. He was also a Prince of Orléans-Braganza and member of the Brazilian Imperial Family.

Prince João Maria of Orléans-Braganza
Born(1916-10-15)15 October 1916
Boulogne-Billancourt, France
Died26 June 2005(2005-06-26) (aged 88)
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
SpouseFatima Sherifa Chirine (-1971)
Terez Leite (1990-2005 his death)
IssueJoão Henrique of Orléans-Braganza
Full name
João Maria Felipe Miguel Gabriel Rafael Gonzaga de Orléans e Bragança e Dobrzensky de Dobrzenicz
HouseOrléans-Braganza
FatherPedro de Alcântara, Prince of Grão-Pará
MotherCountess Elisabeth Dobrzensky of Dobrzenicz
ReligionRoman Catholic

Early life

João was born in Boulogne-Billancourt, France to Pedro de Alcântara, Prince of Grão-Pará and Countess Elisabeth Dobrzensky of Dobrzenicz.[1] His father, eldest son of the elder daughter of Pedro I of Brazil, had been expected to eventually inherit the throne of Brazil until the Imperial Family was exiled upon abolition of the monarchy in 1889.

He lived with his parents and paternal grandparents at the Chateau d'Eu in Normandy,[2] a property inherited from his paternal ancestors, the House of Orléans, who ruled France until 1848. João first travelled to Brazil in 1925, aged 19,[2] and emigrated to the country, living in the Grão-Pará Palace in Petrópolis.[3]

As a young man he was a member of Ação Integralista Brasileira (AIB), a fascist group led by writer Plínio Salgado. In 1938 he was injured in the Levante integralista, an attempt to storm the Palácio Guanabara, residence of President Getúlio Vargas.[4][5]

Marriage and family

In 1946 João was stationed in Cairo as a member of the Brazilian air force when he was invited by King Farouk of Egypt to attend a reception, at which he met an Egyptian aristocrat, née Fátima Scherifa Chirine[2] (born 19 April 1923 in Cairo and died 14 March 1990 in Rio de Janeiro), daughter of Ismail Hussein Chirine and Aysha Musallam. Married since 1940, she had become the widow that year of the king's cousin, Prince Hassan Omar Toussoun of Egypt (1901-1946),[2] killed in an auto accident in France, and was a first cousin of Colonel Ismail Chirine, second husband of Queen Fawzia of Iran. The couple soon fell in love, but they expected to encounter much opposition to a marriage between a Catholic Christian prince and an Egyptian Muslim princess.[2] Although the couple's engagement was accepted by João's elder brother, Prince Pedro Gastão, as head of the House of Orléans-Braganza, and by his brother-in-law Henri, Count of Paris, who was head of the French branch of the dynasty, the fiancée's family withheld approval, as she was the mother of young Princess Melekper of Egypt by her first husband.[2] On 29 April 1949 in Sintra, Portugal the couple finally married, at the home of the Count and Countess of Paris and in the presence of João's mother.[2]

The couple's only child, the future photo-journalist, royalist and agricultural environmentalist Prince João "Joazinho" Henrique of Orléans-Braganza, was born in Rio de Janeiro on 25 April 1954,[6] where they took up residence, imposing a substantial lifestyle change on Fatima, who had been accustomed to a luxurious and cosmopolitan existence at the court of Cairo.[2] She was initially deprived of custody of her daughter, but after years of negotiations the princess joined her mother's family in Rio de Janeiro.[2] Joazinho's descent from Louis XIII was confirmed by DNA in 2013.[7]

João's first marriage ended by divorce in 1971, and was later annulled.[1] He was married again, in 1990, to Maria Tereza da Silva Leite (born 11 January 1929 in Ubá, died 26 June 2020).[3][8] Fatima, who had converted to Roman Catholicism in 1958, was remarried in Rio de Janeiro to Eduardo Bahout (died 1980).[1]

War and work

Prince João returned to Brazil with the intent of doing military service,[2] did not pass an admission test to join the Brazilian navy, but began a career in naval aviation with the aid of Admiral Castro e Silva, and inspired by his uncle, Prince António of Orléans-Braganza (1881-1918).[2] The latter had been an army lieutenant in the Austrian Hussars when World War I began, but to avoid fighting against France he had become a pilot in the British Royal Navy, and died in an air crash near London at the end of the war.[1] Prince João joined the Brazilian Air Force in 1941, during World War II, which sent him for training as a pilot to the United States, where he attended the academies at West Point (and met Antoine de Saint-Exupéry), Annapolis and Pensacola,[2] graduating as a second lieutenant.[3]

The prince served in the first Brazilian fighter planes, the North American T-6, which were subsequently used to execute Brazil's famous aerial acrobatic exercises, "La Fumaça" (Smoke). His great passion was piloting hydroplanes, especially the Catalina flying boats which patrolled Brazil's coasts.[3] After the war they were redeployed for the postal service,[2] in which, having graduated as a second lieutenant, he took up employment. João also worked as a commercial pilot. At that time, Brazilian airlines, like Panair, lacked the resources to compete, so the government detailed air force pilots to supplement their international service. That was how, in 1946, João found himself in Egypt, setting up the first regular Rio-to-Cairo air route, at which time he met his future wife.[2]

After the War, he became vice president of Pan-Air do Brasil.[3]

Later life and legacy

João retired to Paraty on the west coast of the state of Rio de Janeiro. When he settled there in the 1960s, it was a 400 year-old town, surrounded by forest in a national park, wedged on the bay of Ilha Grande between Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo. It lacked even an access road, and its isolation between two giant cities preserved its culture, history and pristine nature. He built a fazenda there of 500 hectares, which remains the family seat and a domain integral to the Paraty community.[2] He died in 2005 at the age of 88 in Rio de Janeiro.[3]

In October 2018, João's son Prince Joazinho, grandson Dom João Filipe de Orléans e Bragança, and great-grandson João António attended the grand opening of the "Aeroporto Municipal Principe D. João de Orleans e Bragança" in Paraty, the family having donated much of the land for the hangars and runway.

Ancestors
gollark: Printing presses are 400 years old and you couldn't make coloring books practically without them.
gollark: But that would destroy the planned obsolescence the coloring book industry relies on. Hmmm.
gollark: Also physical books with erasable pages so you can reuse them.
gollark: Oh, audiobooks would be an interesting idea too, good point.
gollark: Business idea; convert coloring books to ebooks for more convenient use.

References
  1. Enache, Nicolas. La Descendance de Marie-Therese de Habsburg. ICC, Paris, 1996. pp. 70-73, 77, 80-81. (French). ISBN 2-908003-04-X
  2. François Billet (2018). "Dom João d'Orléans et Bragance, l'aviateur impérial". Point de Vue.
  3. Gunson, Phil (9 July 2005). "Joao Maria de Orleans e Braganca". The Guardian. Retrieved 21 January 2015.
  4. "D. João Maria de Orleans e Bragança e Dobrzenicz" (in Portuguese). Colégio Brasileiro de Genealogia. Archived from the original on 21 January 2015. Retrieved 21 January 2015.
  5. "Brazilians nip revolt - Rio Fascists routed after sharp battle". St. Petersburg Times. Associated Press. 12 May 1938. Retrieved 21 January 2015.
  6. Ross, Lillian (18 September 2006). "Family tree". The New Yorker. Retrieved 21 January 2015.
  7. Larmuseau, M. H.; Delorme, P.; Germain, P.; Vanderheyden, N.; Gilissen, A.; Van Geystelen, A.; Cassiman, J. J.; Decorte, R. (2013). "Genetic genealogy reveals true y haplogroup of House of Bourbon contradicting recent identification of the presumed remains of two French Kings". European Journal of Human Genetics. 22 (5): 681–687. doi:10.1038/ejhg.2013.211. PMC 3992573. PMID 24105374.
  8. "Joao Maria de Orleans e Braganca, great-grandson of Brazilian emperor, dies at 88". Associated Press Newswires. 28 June 2005.
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