Plains Miwok language
Plains Miwok, also known as Valley Miwok, was one of the Miwok languages spoken in central California by the Plains Miwok people. It was spoken in the deltas of the San Joaquin and Cosumnes Rivers. Plains Miwok was once one of the most populous Miwok languages. All of the population has shifted to English.
| Plains Miwok | |
|---|---|
| Native to | United States |
| Ethnicity | Plains and Sierra Miwok |
| Extinct | maybe 1960s; 1 speaker in 1962[1] or 1990s[2] |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | pmw |
| Glottolog | plai1259[3] |
Phonology
| Bilabial | Alveolar | Post- alveolar |
Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stop | plain | p | t | k | ʔ ' | ||
| voiced | (b) | (d) | (ɡ) | ||||
| Affricate | tʃ c | ||||||
| Nasal | m | n | ŋ | ||||
| Fricative | s | h | |||||
| Tap | (ɾ) r | ||||||
| Approximant | w | l | j j | ||||
Phonemes in parentheses are taken from Spanish loan words. Allophones of /b tʃ ɡ n s/ include [β ts ɣ ŋ ʂ].[4]
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i | ɨ y | u |
| Mid | e | ə | o |
| Open | a |
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gollark: ```🏁 🍇 😀 🔤Hello World!🔤❗️🍉```
gollark: https://www.emojicode.org/
References
- H. Landar in Sebeok (1977)
- Plains Miwok at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
- Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Plains Miwok". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
- Callaghan, Catherine A. (1984). Plains Miwok Dictionary. University of California Press.
- Callaghan, Catherine A. Plains Miwok Dictionary. University of California Publications in Linguistics, vol. 105. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1984.
- Plains Miwok Indians. "Rodriguez-Nieto Guide" Sound Recordings (California Indian Library Collections), LA008. Berkeley: California Indian Library Collections, 1993. "Sound recordings reproduced from the Language Archive sound recordings at the Language Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley".
External links
- Plains Miwok at the Survey of California and Other Indian Languages
- Plains Miwok, California Language Archive
- Plains Miwok basic lexicon at the Global Lexicostatistical Database
- OLAC resources in and about the Plains Miwok language
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