Pipoidea

Pipoidea are a clade of frogs that have variously been defined as a suborder (original definition),[3] superfamily,[1] or an unranked node-based taxon.[2] There is no single, authoritative higher-level classification of frogs, and Vitt and Caldwell (2014) use name Xenoanura for a similar clade, skipping Pipoidea altogether,[4] as did Frost et al. (2006).[5]

Pipoidea
Temporal range: Jurassic–recent, 155.7–0 Ma[1]
Pipa pipa, the common Suriname toad
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Amphibia
Order: Anura
Clade: Pipoidea
Laurent in Fuhn, 1960
Subgroups[2]

In 1993 Pipoidea was defined by Ford and Cannatella as the node-based taxon that contains the most recent common ancestor of living Pipidae and Rhinophrynidae as well as all its descendants:[2]

 Pipoidea
 
 Pipimorpha 
 

Pipidae

 
 

†Palaeobatrachidae

 
 

†"pipids"

 
 
 
 

Rhinophrynidae

 
 

"Pipids" are a group of fossil taxa with uncertain relationships: Thoraciliacus, Nevobatrachus, Saltenia, and Eoxenopoides.[2] Cannatella (2008) added Shomronella to this group.[6]

The synapomorphies that define Pipoidea are the absence of mentomeckelian bones, absence of lateral alae of the parasphenoid, fusion of the frontoparietals into an azygous element, greatly enlarged otic capsules, and a tadpole with paired spiracles and which lacks beaks and denticles.[2][6] Later genetic work has supported Pipoidea as a monophyletic group.[5]

References
  1. "Superfamily Pipoidea Fitzinger 1843". Paleobiology Database. Fossilworks. Retrieved 15 May 2020.
  2. Ford, Linda S. & Cannatella, David C. (1993). "The major clades of frogs". Herpetological Monographs. 7: 94–117. doi:10.2307/1466954. JSTOR 1466954.
  3. Frost, Darrel R. (2020). "Anura". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.1. American Museum of Natural History. doi:10.5531/db.vz.0001. Retrieved 15 May 2020.
  4. Vitt, Laurie J. & Caldwell, Janalee P. (2014). Herpetology: An Introductory Biology of Amphibians and Reptiles (4th ed.). Academic Press. pp. 92–95.
  5. Frost, D. R.; Grant, T.; Faivovich, J. N.; Bain, R. H.; Haas, A.; Haddad, C. L. F. B.; De Sá, R. O.; Channing, A.; Wilkinson, M.; Donnellan, S. C.; Raxworthy, C. J.; Campbell, J. A.; Blotto, B. L.; Moler, P.; Drewes, R. C.; Nussbaum, R. A.; Lynch, J. D.; Green, D. M. & Wheeler, W. C. (2006). "The amphibian tree of life". Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. 297: 1–291. doi:10.1206/0003-0090(2006)297[0001:TATOL]2.0.CO;2. hdl:2246/5781.
  6. Cannatella, David (11 January 2008). "Anura: Discussion of Phylogenetic Relationships (Pipimorpha)". Tree of Life Project. Retrieved 25 April 2016.
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