Paraphoton

Paraphoton is a hypothetical elementary particle that does not interact with matter and is capable of transforming into an ordinary photon and vice versa by means of oscillations.[1][2] Its existence is postulated when generalizing the model of quantum electrodynamics with two coupling constants and two photons with different masses. Paraphotons are presumably constituent parts of dark matter.[3][4]

Properties

The paraphoton is a massless gauge boson that can have low-energy effective couplings to the ordinary matter. The paraphoton coupling to electrons would behave much like the invisible axion-electron coupling at keV energies.[5][6]

References

Robilliard, C.; Pinto Da Souza, B.; Bielsa, F.; Mauchain, J.; Nardone, M.; Bailly, G.; Fouché, M.; Battesti, R.; Rizzo, C. (2009-07-01). "The BMV project: Search for photon oscillations into massive particles". Canadian Journal of Physics. 87 (7): 735–741. doi:10.1139/P08-141. ISSN 0008-4204.
Afanasev, A.; Baker, O. K.; Beard, K. B.; Biallas, G.; Boyce, J.; Minarni, M.; Ramdon, R.; Shinn, M.; Slocum, P. (August 2009). "New Experimental Limit on Photon Hidden-Sector Paraphoton Mixing". Physics Letters B. pp. 317–320. doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2009.07.055. Retrieved 27 July 2020.
Muñoz, Carlos; Yepes, Gustavo (2006). The Dark Side of the Universe: 2nd International Conference on The Dark Side of the Universe DSU 2006 : Madrid, Spain 20-24 June 2006. American Institute of Physics. p. 388. ISBN 978-0-7354-0379-6. Retrieved 3 August 2020.
Tuzo, J. E. (2003). The Gleipnir Hypothesis: Nothing Can Happen Without It. Trafford Publishing. p. 100. ISBN 978-1-4120-0346-9. Retrieved 3 August 2020.
Hoffmann, Scott (9 July 1987). "Paraphotons and axions: Similarities in stellar emission and detection". Physics Letters B. pp. 117–122. doi:10.1016/0370-2693(87)90467-9. Retrieved 27 July 2020.
Kuster, Markus; Raffelt, Georg; Beltrán, Berta (2007). Axions: Theory, Cosmology, and Experimental Searches. Springer. p. 90. ISBN 978-3-540-73518-2. Retrieved 3 August 2020.

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[1] Robilliard, C.; Pinto Da Souza, B.; Bielsa, F.; Mauchain, J.; Nardone, M.; Bailly, G.; Fouché, M.; Battesti, R.; Rizzo, C. (2009-07-01). "The BMV project: Search for photon oscillations into massive particles". Canadian Journal of Physics. 87 (7): 735–741. doi:10.1139/P08-141. ISSN 0008-4204.

[2] Afanasev, A.; Baker, O. K.; Beard, K. B.; Biallas, G.; Boyce, J.; Minarni, M.; Ramdon, R.; Shinn, M.; Slocum, P. (August 2009). "New Experimental Limit on Photon Hidden-Sector Paraphoton Mixing". Physics Letters B. pp. 317–320. doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2009.07.055. Retrieved 27 July 2020.

[3] Muñoz, Carlos; Yepes, Gustavo (2006). The Dark Side of the Universe: 2nd International Conference on The Dark Side of the Universe DSU 2006 : Madrid, Spain 20-24 June 2006. American Institute of Physics. p. 388. ISBN 978-0-7354-0379-6. Retrieved 3 August 2020.

[4] Tuzo, J. E. (2003). The Gleipnir Hypothesis: Nothing Can Happen Without It. Trafford Publishing. p. 100. ISBN 978-1-4120-0346-9. Retrieved 3 August 2020.

[5] Hoffmann, Scott (9 July 1987). "Paraphotons and axions: Similarities in stellar emission and detection". Physics Letters B. pp. 117–122. doi:10.1016/0370-2693(87)90467-9. Retrieved 27 July 2020.

[6] Kuster, Markus; Raffelt, Georg; Beltrán, Berta (2007). Axions: Theory, Cosmology, and Experimental Searches. Springer. p. 90. ISBN 978-3-540-73518-2. Retrieved 3 August 2020.