Palu-Koro Fault

The Palu-Koro Fault or Palu-Koro Fault System is a major active NNW-SSE trending left-lateral strike-slip fault zone on the island of Sulawesi in Indonesia. It caused the 2018 Sulawesi earthquake and tsunami.[1]

Geometry

It extends from near Dondowa, North Luwu Regency, in the south, where it links to the WNW-ESE trending Matano Fault. It continues northwards, heading offshore through the Gulf of Palu and passing to the west of the Minahassa Peninsula, before eventually linking with the North Sulawesi Subduction Zone. Although it is a strike slip fault, there are locally normal and thrust features and segments. Near Palu it forms the western side of the Palu Basin, a small pull-apart basin developed along the fault system.[2]

Regional setting

The fault forms the boundary between two of the major microblocks that form the island, the North Sula Block and the Makassar Block. The current slip rate along the Palu-Koro Fault is estimated to be in the range 30 to 40 millimetres (1.2 to 1.6 in) per year, compared to a long term slip rate of 40 to 50 millimetres (1.6 to 2.0 in) per year over the last 5 million years.[1][2][3]

Seismicity

The fault is known to be highly active and several historical earthquakes are thought to have occurred on this zone, in 1905, 1907, 1909, 1927, 1934, 1968, 1985 and 1993.[4] From trenching across the fault, three major earthquakes have been identified over the last 2,000 years, suggesting a recurrence interval for major earthquakes of about 700 years. That recurrence interval is insufficient to account for the long-term slip-rate, suggesting that either aseismic creep is important in this fault zone[3] or that other strands have been active, away from the main fault trace.[4]

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References
  1. Heriyanto, Devina. "Central Sulawesi quake: what we know so far". Jakarta Post. Retrieved 29 September 2018.
  2. Socquet A.; Simons W.; Vigny C.; McCaffrey R.; Subarya C.; Sarsito D.; Ambrosius B.; Spakman W. (2006). "Microblock rotations and fault coupling in SE Asia triple junction (Sulawesi, Indonesia) from GPS and earthquake slip vector data". Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth. 111 (B8). doi:10.1029/2005JB003963.
  3. Bellier O.; Sébrier M.; Beaudoin T.; Villeneuve M.; Braucher R.; Bourlès D.; Siame L.; Outranto E.; Pratomo I. (2001). "High slip rate for a low seismicity along the Palu-Koro active fault in central Sulawesi (Indonesia)". Terra Nova. 13 (6): 463–470. doi:10.1046/j.1365-3121.2001.00382.x.
  4. Watkinson I.M.; Hall R. (2016). "Fault systems of the eastern Indonesian triple junction: evaluation of Quaternary activity and implications for seismic hazards" (PDF). In Cummins P.R.; Meilano I. (eds.). Geohazards in Indonesia: Earth Science for Disaster Risk Reduction. Geological Society, London, Special Publications. 441. pp. 71–120. doi:10.1144/SP441.8. ISBN 9781862399662.
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