Potassium peroxymonosulfate

Potassium peroxymonosulfate (also known as MPS, KMPS, potassium monopersulfate, potassium caroate, the trade names Caroat and Oxone, and as non-chlorine shock in the pool and spa industry[2][3][4]) is widely used as an oxidizing agent. It is the potassium salt of peroxymonosulfuric acid.

"Oxone" redirects here. It is not to be confused with the gas ozone.
Not to be confused with Potassium persulfate.
Potassium peroxymonosulfate
Names
IUPAC name
Potassium peroxysulfate
Other names
Caroat
Oxone
potassium monopersulfate
MPS
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.030.158
UNII
Properties
KHSO5
Molar mass 152.2 g/mol (614.76 as triple salt)
Appearance off-white powder
decomposes
Hazards
Main hazards Oxidant, Corrosive
Safety data sheet Degussa Caroat MSDS
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
Related compounds
Related compounds
 Potassium persulfate
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Infobox references

The triple salt 2KHSO5·KHSO4·K2SO4 (known by the tradename Oxone) is a form with higher stability.[5] The standard electrode potential for this compound is +1.81 V with a half reaction generating the hydrogen sulfate (pH=0).[6]

HSO5− + 2 H+ + 2 e− → HSO4− + H2O

Reactions

MPS is a versatile oxidant. It oxidizes aldehydes to carboxylic acids; in the presence of alcoholic solvents, the esters may be obtained.[7] Internal alkenes may be cleaved to two carboxylic acids (see below), while terminal alkenes may be epoxidized. Sulfides give sulfones, tertiary amines give amine oxides, and phosphines give phosphine oxides.

Illustrative of the oxidative power of this salt is the conversion of an acridine derivative to the corresponding acridine-N-oxide.[8]

MPS will also oxidize a sulfide to a sulfone with 2 equivalents.[9] With one equivalent the reaction converting sulfide to sulfoxide is much faster than that of sulfoxide to sulfone, so the reaction can conveniently be stopped at that stage if so desired.

MPS can also react with ketones to form dioxiranes, with the synthesis of dimethyldioxirane (DMDO) being representative. These are versatile oxidising agents and may be used for the epoxidation of olefins. In particular, if the starting ketone is chiral then the epoxide may be generated enantioselectively, which forms the basis of the Shi epoxidation.[10]

The Shi epoxidation

Uses

Potassium peroxymonosulfate can be used in swimming pools to keep the water clear, thus allowing chlorine in pools to work to sanitize the water rather than clarify the water, resulting in less chlorine needed to keep pools clean.[11] One of the drawbacks of using potassium peroxymonosulfate in pools is it can cause the common DPD #3 water test for combined chlorine to read incorrectly high.[12] Moreover, byproducts can be formed during the peroxymonosulfate treatment, which are sometimes even more toxic than the original contaminants.[13]

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References
  1. "DuPont MSDS" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-08-15. Retrieved 2012-01-26.
  2. Wu, Mingsong; Xu, Xinyang; Xu, Xun (November 2014). "Algicidal and Bactericidal Effect of Potassium Monopersulfate Compound on Eutrophic Water". Applied Mechanics and Materials. 707: 259. doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.707.259.
  3. Pool School. Trouble Free Pool. p. PT4. Retrieved November 30, 2018.
  4. Dull, Harold (2004). Watsu: Freeing the Body in Water. p. 197. ISBN 9781412034395. Retrieved November 30, 2018.
  5. Crandall, Jack K.; Shi, Yian; Burke, Christopher P.; Buckley, Benjamin R. (2001). Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. doi:10.1002/047084289x.rp246.pub3. ISBN 978-0-470-84289-8.
  6. Spiro, M. (1979). "The standard potential of the peroxosulphate/sulphate couple". Electrochimica Acta. 24 (3): 313–314. doi:10.1016/0013-4686(79)85051-3. ISSN 0013-4686.
  7. Benjamin R. Travis; Meenakshi Sivakumar; G. Olatunji Hollist & Babak Borhan (2003). "Facile Oxidation of Aldehydes to Acids and Esters with Oxone". Organic Letters. 5 (7): 1031–4. doi:10.1021/ol0340078. PMID 12659566.
  8. Thomas W. Bell, Young-Moon Cho, Albert Firestone, Karin Healy, Jia Liu, Richard Ludwig, and Scott D. Rothenberger (1993). "9-n-Butyl-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-Octahydroacridin-4-ol". Organic Syntheses.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link); Collective Volume, 8, p. 87
  9. James R. McCarthy, Donald P. Matthews, and John P. Paolini (1998). "Reaction of Sulfoxides with Diethylaminosulfur Trifluoride". Organic Syntheses.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link); Collective Volume, 9, p. 446
  10. Frohn, Michael; Shi, Yian (2000). "Chiral Ketone-Catalyzed Asymmetric Epoxidation of Olefins". Synthesis. 2000 (14): 1979–2000. doi:10.1055/s-2000-8715.
  11. "Benefits of Using a Non-Chlorine Shock Oxidizer Powered by DuPont Oxone" Dupont.com Archived 2011-07-15 at the Wayback Machine. Accessed July 2011.
  12. "How to accurately measure chlorine levels in water shocked with potassium monopersulfate". Tech note from water test maker Taylor Technologies, originally appeared in Aquatics International. Accessed November 2011
  13. Wacławek, S., Lutze, H. V., Grübel, K., Padil, V.V.T., Černík, M., Dionysiou, D.D. (2017) (2017-12-15). "Chemistry of persulfates in water and wastewater treatment: A review". Chemical Engineering Journal. 330: 44–62. doi:10.1016/j.cej.2017.07.132.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
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