Olympic Studios

Olympic Sound Studios was a renowned independent commercial recording studio best known for the many rock, pop and sound stage recordings made during late 1960s onwards. It was a highly respected studio used by the music industry's rock and pop bands. The eclectic list of musicians who recorded there include the Rolling Stones, Jimi Hendrix, Led Zeppelin, Dave Mason, and the Beatles[1] and the studios were considered as important as Abbey Road Studios.[2] The studio's sound mixing desks became famous when the technology and design they pioneered was later manufactured commercially.

An exterior view of the Olympic Studios in Barnes, London, taken in 2008.

First locations

The first home of Olympic Sound Studios was in central London in the late 1950s. It was owned by Angus McKenzie who had purchased Larry Lyons's Olympia Studio in Fulham. McKenzie then took on a lease for a derelict synagogue situated at Carlton Street in London's West End.[3]

In conjunction with Richard "Dick" Swettenham, McKenzie opened Olympic's Studio One with a valve-based recording console from the Olympia Studio.[1] Swettenham designed the first professional transistorised desk in the world, which was installed into studio One during 1960, along with the first Four track tape recorder in England.[1] The studio first came to prominence in 1958 when its senior sound engineer John Timperley recorded music which was listed in the music magazine Melody Maker's top ten ratings. John Timperley's assistant was Roger Savage who quickly gained a reputation as a good sound balancer. In 1962 Terry Allen joined the company as an electronic engineer assisting Dick Swettenham with his new transistorised sound desk. Allen soon became studio manager and Timperley left the studios in late 1962 when Keith Grant was given the position of senior sound engineer. Another employee was Michael Ross-Trevor who eventually joined CBS Records at the start of a long career in classical music recording.

Studio One was used by many influential groups including the Yardbirds, the Jimi Hendrix Experience, Dave Mason, Alexis Korner, The Seekers and Graham Bond.[4] The Rolling Stones[5] recorded their first single "Come On" at the studio, Dusty Springfield hits and Trogg's single "Wild Thing" were also recorded at Olympic during the 1960s. Olympic was a preferred recording studio with A&R staff who worked for record companies including Decca, EMI, Pye and Philips. The studios also hosted London Weekend Television music recordings.[6]

Relocation to Barnes

In 1966, after the lease on the Carlton Street premises was not renewed McKenzie sold his share of the business to Cliff Adams and John Shakespeare who moved the studios to Barnes under the guidance of Keith Grant. Grant oversaw the development of the new studios bringing in his father Robertson Grant as an architect.[1]

Situated at 117 Church Road, the Barnes building was constructed in 1906 and known as Byfeld Hall, a theatre for the Barnes Repertory Company. In its first decade it was a venue associated with the bioscope, an early form of cinema combined with music hall and instrumentation.[7] Between the 1930s and the post second world war era, it was a cinema. In the 1950s, the building became television production studios. Actors who played there included John Gielgud and Claude Rains.[8]

Barnes studios recording history

Apart from Roger Savage, several other young staff began their careers at Olympic. Among them was Gus Dudgeon who began as a tape operator and was later associated with Elton John and used Olympic Studios for sessions with John, as his producer. Engineer Eddie Kramer recalled that in 1967 "Olympic Studios was at the cutting edge of technology. We were very innovative and of course we had [I think] the best console in England and possibly the world at the time".[9] "We were ahead in terms of design."[10] The Rolling Stones were among the first clients of the new Olympic Studios in Barnes, consecutively recording six of their albums there between 1966 and 1972.[11] The Beatles worked at the studio to record the songs "All You Need Is Love" (1967),[9] having been happy with their recording of the song "Baby, You're a Rich Man" (1967) on their first visit to Olympic. Jimi Hendrix recorded tracks for his album Are You Experienced (1967), the tracks for Axis: Bold as Love (1967) and a large part of Electric Ladyland (1968). The Who recorded their albums Who's Next and Who Are You there and it was used extensively by Led Zeppelin, who recorded tracks there for all of their studio albums up to and including Physical Graffiti in 1975. In the same year Queen used the studio for their album A Night at the Opera and David Bowie used the studio at the same time. The studio also saw the production of other landmark albums and singles including tracks by Small Faces, Traffic, Blind Faith, Hawkwind, the Seekers, the Moody Blues, and Deep Purple. Procol Harum recorded all tracks for their album "A Whiter Shade of Pale" at Olympic.[6]

In 1969, Grant commissioned his father to re-design studio Two as the now unexpectedly popular studio was causing problems with sound transmission to Studio One. Studio One, for example might be recording classical music by Elgar while Studio Two would be hosting sessions with the Rolling Stones. Robertson Grant successfully innovated a completely floating space weighing seventeen tons which was supported by rubber pads. The décor and furnishing of the new studio Two was designed by Mick Jagger.[1] Later on, Grant added probably the first instant acoustic change, using rough sawn wooden slats which could cover or reveal sound-absorbing panels behind them and change the acoustic sound. This made the room suitable for the recording of both rock and orchestral music at the pull of a cord.[1]

By the turn of the 1970s, many orchestral works and film scores such as the original album version of the rock musical Jesus Christ Superstar were being recorded at Olympic. The studio produced film music for The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie (1968), The Italian Job (1969), the movie version of Jesus Christ Superstar (1973), The Rocky Horror Picture Show (recorded in studio Two in 1975 and Life of Brian (1979), amongst others.

Olympic's sound mixing desks were a creation of the maintenance staff and built specially for the studios. They became known as Olympic desks[6] and were developed by Dick Swettenham, Keith Grant and later Jim McBride in conjunction with Jim Dowler. Swettenham later started to manufacture the consoles commercially as Helios desks. The first desk of this type was commissioned by Grant as Helios One for studio Two. Olympic desks and their Helios spin off are still highly regarded for their sonic qualities today.[12]

Virgin Music era

For many years copyright problems with the use of the word Olympic prevented the history of the studio from being more widely promoted, which became an important factor in its arch-rival Abbey Road Studios attracting greater recognition due to promotion by E.M.I.[13]

In 1987, Virgin Music bought the studios and the property was refitted to a different practical and acoustic specification, further to consulting with Sam Toyoshima a Japanese studio builder who surprisingly declared the studio "unfit to record music in".[5] Barbara Jefferies, then Studio manager for Virgin Music at Olympic Studios,[14] instructed that the master tapes of the studio's vast library of recording sessions be discarded.[15] The disposal of these tapes was unsecured they were put into skips outside the building, remaining there for days. Some were recovered by unassociated people and ended up as highly sought-after bootlegs.[16] The re-vamped studio continued to attract many leading artists during the period of the 1990s and 2000s including Madonna and Björk.

In December 2008, the Virgin EMI group announced that the long standing studio facilities would be closed[17][18] and in February 2009 the studios closed.[12]

New Olympic Cinema and Studio Complex

The London Evening Standard newspaper reported that a buyer for the building as a studio could not be found and it seemed likely that Olympic would lose its musical and cinematic history due to a development of flats and shops.[19] After four years of closure, Olympic Studios re-opened on 14 October 2013 as a cinema with two screens, a café with dining room and a recording studio.[20] The conversion of part of the original building to a small recording studio was undertaken by architect Robertson Grant and the acoustics completed by original studio sound staff member Keith Grant and Russel Pettinger.[11] The new studio facility operates alongside the building's historical role as a cinema using Flare Audio cinema sound.[21] The cinema also uses a Flare sound system.[22]

Associations

Olympic is known for the quality of the recordings produced in its studios, and as a training ground for many successful producers, technicians and engineers, such as:

• George Chkiantz, who is credited with inventing the technique of phasing on The Small Faces' "Itchycoo Park".[23]
• Glyn Johns and his brother Andy Johns, best known for their association with The Rolling Stones.[6]
• Gus Dudgeon, who started as a tea boy and became producer for Elton John.[6]
• Roger Savage, who recorded the first Rolling Stones hit "Come On", before moving to Australia, where he became a highly successful engineer, then moving into post-production sound recording with his own company, Soundfirm, which has studios in Melbourne, Sydney, and Bejiing.[24][25]
• Eddie Kramer, Olympic staff engineer who recorded Jimi Hendrix, and is still involved with the post production of his work.[26]
• Chris Kimsey, best known for his work with The Rolling Stones as producer, and now back at Olympic.[27]
• Jimmy Miller, producer of albums and singles by Family, Traffic, Blind Faith and The Rolling Stones.[28]
• Dick Swettenham, best known for his Olympic console design.[29]
• Roger Mayer, best known for his guitar pedals.[30]
• David Treahearn, Assistant Engineer, now Songwriter, Mixer & Producer with DNR and half of electro duo The Slips.[31]
• Toby Alington, who now has Richmond Studios Productions as his organisation.[32]
• Gerry O'Riordan, best known for his recording and editing skills.[33]
• David Hamilton-Smith, best known for his association with Andrew Lloyd Webber and Tim Rice.[34]
• Terry and Phill Brown, producers of The Who's "Substitute", and Bob Marley's "I Shot The Sheriff".[35][36]
• Paul PDub Walton, best known for work with Björk and Madonna.[37]
• Doug Bennett, best known for his work with the Stranglers.[38]
• Phil Chapman, film and theatre audio producer.
• Laurence Burrage, producer for XTC.[39]
• Alan O'Duffy, best known for his work with the Rolling Stones, Paul McCartney, Eric Clapton & Rod Stewart.[40][41]

Artists at Olympic Studios, 1966-2009

• 808 State[42]
• Roger Alborough[43]
• Adele
• Lily Allen
• Arctic Monkeys[44]
• Babyshambles[45]
• Corinne Bailey Rae[46]
• Shirley Bassey
• The Beatles[47]
• BB King[48]
• Tony Bennett[49]
• Elmer Bernstein[50]
• Björk[51]
• David Bowie[52]
• The Buzzcocks
• David Byrne
• John Cale
• Nick Cave
• Ray Charles[53]
• Eric Clapton[54]
• Joe Cocker[55]
• Elvis Costello
• The Cult
• The Cure[56]
• Sammy Davis Jr[57]
• Deep Purple[58]
• Depeche Mode[59]
• Donovan[60]
• Dr Feelgood
• Duran Duran[61]
• The Eagles[62]
• The Electric Blues Company
• Sophie Ellis-Bextor[63]
• Eric Flynn[43]
• Editors
• Brian Eno
• Faces[64]
• Fairport Convention[65]
• Marianne Faithfull[66]
• Bryan Ferry
• Ella Fitzgerald
• Peter Frampton
• Robert Fripp
• Funkadelic
• Peter Gabriel
• Goldfrapp[67]
• Delta Goodrem
• Hawkwind
• Hole
• The Jam[68]
• The Jimi Hendrix Experience[69]
• The Hives[70]
• Edmund Hockridge[43]
• Howlin' Wolf[71]
• Humble Pie[72]
• INXS
• Jethro Tull[73]
• Judas Priest[74]
• Kaiser Chiefs
• Berwick Kaler[43]
• Kasabian
• Keane
• The Killers
• The KLF
• Alexis Korner[75]
• King Crimson
• Jason Kouchak
• Led Zeppelin[76]
• Love[77]
• Madonna
• Kirsty Maccoll
• Kissing the Pink (KTP)
• George Martin[78]
• Massive Attack[79]
• Paul McCartney[80]
• Alan Price[81]
• Steve Miller Band[82]
• The Moody Blues
• Van Morrison
• Morrissey
• Mott The Hoople[83]
• The Move[84]
• Michael Nyman
• Motörhead
• Oasis[85]
• Andy Panayi[43]
• Pink Floyd[86]
• Placebo
• Robert Plant
• Iggy Pop[87]
• Billy Preston
• The Pretenders
• The Pretty Things
• Primal Scream
• Prince
• Procol Harum[6]
• Pulp
• Suzi Quatro[43]
• Queen[88]
• Quincy Jones[89]
• The Rolling Stones[11][5]
• Roxy Music[90]
• The Seekers
• Sham 69[91]
• Showaddywaddy
• Slade[92]
• The Small Faces[93]
• Spandau Ballet[94]
• Spice Girls[95]
• Soft Machine
• Squeeze
• Cat Stevens[96]
• Stiff Little Fingers
• The Stranglers[97]
• Barbra Streisand[98]
• Suede[99]
• Supertramp
• Ten Years After
• Thin Lizzy[100]
• Traffic
• Pete Townshend
• The Used
• U2[101]
• The Verve[102]
• Scott Walker[103]
• Paul Weller[68]
• Westlife
• Wishbone Ash[104]
• The Who
• Roger Waters
• Stevie Wonder[105]
• The Yardbirds[106]
• The Zombies[107]
• Matt Zimmerman[43]
• The Zutons[108]

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External links

• Olympic Cinema – official site
• Olympic Studios discography at Discogs

Complete articles

• "Olympic Studios closes: A sad day for music". realmusicforum.com. 26 March 2008. Archived from the original on 8 August 2012.
• Nick Coleman (1 February 2009). "Olympic Studios". The Independent. Retrieved 13 April 2009.
• Keith Grant (23 December 2008). "Olympic Studios". Music Producers Guild (UK). Archived from the original on 2 September 2012. Retrieved 13 April 2009.
• Music Week (12 December 2008). "Olympic Studios". Music Week. Retrieved 13 April 2009.
• Pro Sound News (12 December 2008). "Olympic Studios". Pro Sound News Europe.com. Retrieved 13 April 2009.