Olenelloidea

Olenelloidea; Temporal range: Botomian/Toyonian (Olenellus-zone) PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
	Olenellus gilberti
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Trilobita
Order:	Redlichiida
Suborder:	Olenellina
Superfamily:	Olenelloidea; Walcott, 1890
Families
	Olenellidae; Biceratopsidae; Holmiidae; stem group genera: Elliptocephala; Wanneria; Fritzolenellus; Mummaspis; Laudonia;

The Olenelloidea are a superfamily of trilobites, a group of extinct marine arthropods. They lived during the late Lower Cambrian and species occurred on all paleocontinents.

Taxonomy

Palmer and Repina[1] assigned Gabriellus and Callavia to the Olenelloidea, but the ocular lobes in these two genera circumscribe the entire lateral border of the frontal lobe of the glabella, and thus, do not belong to this superfamily, but to the Judomioidea. Geyer[2] assigned Cambropallas to the Olenelloidea, but it lacks the diagnostic features and appears to be closely related to Andalusiana, and is now considered to be an advanced member of the Nevadioidea.[3]

Distribution

In western Laurentia Fallotaspididae and Archaeaspididae proceed the first Olenelloidea. The Holmiidae occur at the late Atdabanian, and are contemporary with the Nevadioidea. They are followed by Biceratopsidae and Olenellidae.[4]

Description

As with most early trilobites, the Olenelloidea have an almost flat exoskeleton, that is only thinly calcified, and has crescent-shaped eye ridges. As part of the Olenellina suborder, the Olenelloidea lack dorsal sutures. The superfamily can be distinguished from all other Olenellina by features of the cephalon and in particular the glabella. The backward portion of the third lateral lobe of the glabella counted from the back (L3) bulges laterally relative to the first lateral lobe (L1). The front end of the eye lobe (or ocular lobe) is connected only to the back half of the frontal lobe (AL or L4) of the glabella, and merges smoothly with it (rather than merely contacting it). The ocular lobe consists of an inner and outer band.[3]

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References

Palmer, A. R.; Repina, L. N. (1993). "Through a glass darkly: taxonomy, phylogeny and biostratigraphy of the Olenellina". The University of Kansas Paleontological Contributions. 3: 1–35.
Geyer, G. (1993). "The giant Cambrian trilobites of Morocco". Beringeria. 8: 71–107.
Lieberman, B. S. (1998). "Cladistic analysis of the Early Cambrian olenelloid trilobites". Journal of Paleontology. 72: 59–78.
Hollingsworth, J.S. (2006). "Holmiidae (Trilobita: Olenellina) of the Montezuman Stage (Early Cambrian) in Western Nevada". Journal of Paleontology. 80 (2): 309–332. doi:10.1666/0022-3360(2006)080[0309:htootm]2.0.co;2. JSTOR 4095128.

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[1] Palmer, A. R.; Repina, L. N. (1993). "Through a glass darkly: taxonomy, phylogeny and biostratigraphy of the Olenellina". The University of Kansas Paleontological Contributions. 3: 1–35.

[2] Geyer, G. (1993). "The giant Cambrian trilobites of Morocco". Beringeria. 8: 71–107.

[Lieberman_1998-3] Lieberman, B. S. (1998). "Cladistic analysis of the Early Cambrian olenelloid trilobites". Journal of Paleontology. 72: 59–78.

[4] Hollingsworth, J.S. (2006). "Holmiidae (Trilobita: Olenellina) of the Montezuman Stage (Early Cambrian) in Western Nevada". Journal of Paleontology. 80 (2): 309–332. doi:10.1666/0022-3360(2006)080[0309:htootm]2.0.co;2. JSTOR 4095128.