Okulovsky District

Okulovsky District (Russian: Оку́ловский райо́н) is an administrative[1] and municipal[8] district (raion), one of the twenty-one in Novgorod Oblast, Russia. It is located in the center of the oblast and borders with Lyubytinsky District in the northeast, Borovichsky District in the east, Bologovsky District of Tver Oblast in the southeast, Valdaysky District in the southwest, Krestetsky District in the west, and with Malovishersky District in the northwest. The area of the district is 2,500 square kilometers (970 sq mi).[3] Its administrative center is the town of Okulovka.[1] Population: 25,808 (2010 Census);[4] 31,153 (2002 Census);[10] 36,852 (1989 Census).[11] The population of Okulovka accounts for 48.3% of the district's total population.[4]

Okulovsky District Окуловский район
District
Lake Peretno and the source of the Peretna River
Coat of arms
Location of Okulovsky District in Novgorod Oblast
Coordinates: 58°23′N 33°18′E
Country	Russia
Federal subject	Novgorod Oblast[1]
Established	October 1, 1927[2]
Administrative center	Okulovka[1]
Area [3]
• Total	2,500 km^2 (1,000 sq mi)
Population  (2010 Census)[4]
• Total	25,808
• Estimate  (2018)[5]	21,401 (-17.1%)
• Density	10/km^2 (27/sq mi)
• Urban	71.6%
• Rural	28.4%
Administrative structure
• Administrative divisions	1 Towns of district significance, 2 Urban-type settlements, 4 Settlements
• Inhabited localities[6]	1 Cities/towns, 2 Urban-type settlements[7], 199 Rural localities
Municipal structure
• Municipally incorporated as	Okulovsky Municipal District[8]
• Municipal divisions[8]	3 Urban settlements, 4 Rural settlements
Time zone	UTC+3 (MSK [9])
OKTMO ID	49628000
Website	http://www.okuladm.ru/

Geography

Okulovsky District is located in the Valdai Hills in the basin of the Msta River. The rivers in the eastern part of the district drain into the Msta, and a stretch of the Msta forms the border of Okulovsky District with Borovichsky and Lyubytinsky Districts. The northern part of the district belongs to the basin of the Verebye, and the western part belongs to the basin of the Kholova, both rivers being the left tributaries of the Msta.

There are many lakes in the district, the biggest ones being Lake Zaozyorye and Lake Borovno, both located in the south of the district.

Forests cover the area of 900 square kilometers (350 sq mi). In the center, coniferous forests (spruce and pine) dominate, and in the south, west, and northwest, there are mixed forests (spruce, pine, birch, and aspen). Swamps occupy considerable areas in the district.[12]

The southern part of the district belongs to the Valdaysky National Park which is shared between Okulovsky, Valdaysky, and Demyansky Districts.[13]

History

Settlements located in the current area of the district were first mentioned in chronicles in 1495 as being a part of Derevskaya Pyatina. Fast economical development of the region started during and after the construction of the Nikolayevskaya Railway which connected Moscow and St. Petersburg in 1851. Okulovka and Uglovka developed first as settlements serving the railway stations, and eventually industries developed there.[14] In the 19th and in the beginning of the 20th century, the area was split between three uyezds of Novgorod Governorate: Borovichsky, Krestetsky, and Valdaysky. In 1919, Malovishersky Uyezd was established, and in 1922 Krestetsky Uyezd was abolished and split between Malovishersky, Valdaysky, and Novgorodsky Uyezds.[15]

In August 1927, the governorates and uyezds were abolished. Okulovsky District, with the administrative center in the settlement of Okulovka,[16] was established within Borovichi Okrug of Leningrad Oblast effective October 1, 1927.[2] It included parts of former Borovichskaya Volost of Borovichsky Uyezd, Lokotskaya Volost of Valdaysky Uyezd, and Okulovskaya and Sukhlovskaya Volosts of Malovishersky Uyezd.[16] On July 23, 1930, the okrugs were abolished, and the districts were directly subordinated to the oblast.[17] On September 20, 1931, Torbinsky District was abolished and merged into Okulovsky District.[18] On January 1, 1932, a part of abolished Uglovsky District was merged into Okulovsky District.[18] Okulovsky District was not occupied by German troops during World War II; however, being adjacent to the front line, it played an important role. On July 5, 1944, Okulovsky District was transferred to newly established Novgorod Oblast,[16] where it remained ever since. On February 1, 1963, the district was transformed into Okulovsky Rural District[19] in the course of the Nikita Khrushchev's abortive administrative reform. This was reverted on January 12, 1965.[19] In the meanwhile, on December 11, 1964, the urban-type settlements of Okulovka and Parakhino-Poddubye were merged to form the town of Okulovka, which became the administrative center of Okulovsky District.[19]

Abolished districts

Effective October 1, 1927,[2] Torbinsky District with the administrative center in the selo of Torbino was established as a part of Borovichi Okrug of Leningrad Oblast.[18] On September 20, 1931, Torbinsky District was abolished and merged into Okulovsky District.[18]

Another district established effective October 1, 1927[2] as a part of Borovichi Okrug of Leningrad Oblast was Uglovsky District, with the administrative center in the railway station of Uglovka.[18] On January 1, 1932, Uglovsky District was abolished and split between Borovichsky, Okulovsky, and Bologovsky Districts.[18]

Economy

Industry

There are three big factories in Okulovka, which produce wire, electronics, and furniture, and a limestone processing plant in Uglovka. The rest of the enterprises of the district operate in textile industry and in food industry.[20]

Agriculture

Agriculture in Okulovsky District is represented by a number of small-scale farms, mostly involved in cattle breeding.[21]

Transportation

The Moscow – Saint Petersburg Railway crosses the district from south to north. This was the first long-distance railway constructed in Russia, built in a straight line and opened in 1851. The main railway stations in the district are Okulovka, Uglovka, Borovyonka, and Torbino. In Uglovka, the railway line to Borovichi branches off east, and in Okulovka, the line to Nebolchi via Lyubytino branches off northeast, then turns north. Okulovka is a terminal station for suburban trains, which leave in three directions: to Bologoye, Malaya Vishera, and Nebolchi.

The district has a developed road network, which includes connections to Borovichi, Tikhvin via Lyubytino, Bologoye via Lykoshino, and Kresttsy.

Culture and recreation

Church of the Nativity of Christ in Uglovka

The district contains 3 cultural heritage monuments of federal significance and additionally 177 objects classified as cultural and historical heritage of local significance.[22] All of the federal monuments are archaeological sites.

Okulovka is home to the Miklukho-Maklay Okulovka District Museum.[23] It is named after Nicholas Miklouho-Maclay, a Russian ethnographer notable for his studies of indigenous population of Papua. Miklouho-Maclay was born on the territory of the modern district, where his father, a construction engineer, was involved in the railroad construction.

References

Notes

1. Law #559-OZ
2. Snytko et al., p. 85
3. Расстояния до населенных пунктов (in Russian). Администрация Окуловского муниципального района. Retrieved June 13, 2012.
4. Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). "Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1" [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
5. "26. Численность постоянного населения Российской Федерации по муниципальным образованиям на 1 января 2018 года". Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved January 23, 2019.
6. Resolution #121
7. The count of urban-type settlements may include the work settlements, the resort settlements, the suburban (dacha) settlements, as well as urban-type settlements proper.
8. Law #355-OZ
9. "Об исчислении времени". Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). June 3, 2011. Retrieved January 19, 2019.
10. Russian Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004). "Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек" [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian).
11. "Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров" [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. 1989 – via Demoscope Weekly.
12. Природные ресурсы (растительность) (in Russian). Администрация Окуловского муниципального района. Retrieved June 13, 2012.
13. Валдайский национальный парк (in Russian). ООПТ России. 2011. Retrieved June 13, 2012.
14. "Archived copy" Историческая справка (in Russian). Администрация Окуловского муниципального района. Archived from the original on April 21, 2012. Retrieved June 13, 2012.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
15. Snytko et al., p. 35
16. Snytko et al., pp. 123–125
17. Snytko et al., pp. 87–88
18. Snytko et al., pp. 138–140
19. Snytko et al., pp. 212–215
20. Социально-экономическая информация (in Russian). Администрация Окуловского муниципального района. Archived from the original on April 21, 2012. Retrieved June 13, 2012.
21. Окуловский муниципальный район (in Russian). Служба занятости населения Новгородской области. Retrieved June 13, 2012.
22. Памятники истории и культуры народов Российской Федерации (in Russian). Russian Ministry of Culture. Retrieved June 2, 2016.
23. "Archived copy" Районный краеведческий музей им. Н.Н.Миклухо-Маклая (in Russian). Комитет по делам молодежи, культуры и туризма Администрации Окуловского муниципального района. Archived from the original on August 22, 2013. Retrieved January 25, 2012.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)

Sources

• Новгородская областная Дума. Областной закон №559-ОЗ от 11 ноября 2005 г. «Об административно-территориальном устройстве Новгородской области», в ред. Областного закона №730-ОЗ от 26 февраля 2015 г. «О внесении изменений в Областной закон "Об административно-территориальном устройстве Новгородской области"». Вступил в силу 1 января 2006 г. Опубликован: "Новгородские ведомости", №75, 23 ноября 2005 г. (Novgorod Oblast Duma. Oblast Law #559-OZ of November 11, 2005 On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Novgorod Oblast, as amended by the Oblast Law #730-OZ of February 26, 2015 On Amending the Oblast Law "On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Novgorod Oblast". Effective as of January 1, 2006.).
• Администрация Новгородской области. Постановление №121 от 8 апреля 2008 г. «Об реестре административно-территориального устройства области», в ред. Постановления №408 от 4 августа 2014 г. «О внесении изменений в реестр административно-территориального устройства области». Опубликован: "Новгородские ведомости", №49–50, 16 апреля 2008 г. (Administration of Novgorod Oblast. Resolution #121 of April 8, 2008 On the Registry of the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Novgorod Oblast, as amended by the Resolution #408 of August 4, 2014 On Amending the Registry of the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Novgorod Oblast. ).
• Новгородская областная Дума. Областной закон №355-ОЗ от 2 декабря 2004 г. «Об установлении границ муниципальных образований, входящих в состав территории Окуловского муниципального района, наделении их статусом городских и сельских поселений, определении административных центров и перечня населённых пунктов, входящих в состав территорий поселений», в ред. Областного закона №358-ОЗ от 28 октября 2013 г. «О внесении изменений в областной Закон "Об установлении границ муниципальных образований, входящих в состав территории Окуловского муниципального района, наделении их статусом городских и сельских поселений, определении административных центров и перечня населённых пунктов, входящих в состав территорий поселений"». Вступил в силу со дня, следующего за днём официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Новгородские ведомости", №82, 15 декабря 2004 г. (Novgorod Oblast Duma. Oblast Law #355-OZ of December 2, 2004 On Establishing the Borders of the Municipal Formations Within the Territory of Okulovsky Municipal District, on Granting Them the Status of Urban and Rural Settlements, on Establishing Their Administrative Centers, and on Compiling the Lists of Inhabited Localities Within the Settlement Territories, as amended by the Oblast Law #358-OZ of October 28, 2013 On Amending the Oblast Law "On Establishing the Borders of the Municipal Formations Within the Territory of Okulovsky Municipal District, on Granting Them the Status of Urban and Rural Settlements, on Establishing Their Administrative Centers, and on Compiling the Lists of Inhabited Localities Within the Settlement Territories". Effective as of the day following the day of the official publication.).
• Снытко, О. В.; et al. (2009). С. Д. Трифонов; Т. Б. Чуйкова; Л. В. Федина; А. Э. Дубоносова (eds.). Административно-территориальное деление Новгородской губернии и области 1727-1995 гг. Справочник (PDF) (in Russian). Saint Petersburg. Retrieved June 13, 2012.