Demyansky District

Demyansky District (Russian: Демянский район) is an administrative[1] and municipal[8] district (raion), one of the twenty-one in Novgorod Oblast, Russia. It is located in the south of the oblast and borders with Krestetsky District in the north, Valdaysky District in the northeast, Firovsky District of Tver Oblast in the southeast, Ostashkovsky District of Tver Oblast in the south, Maryovsky District in the southwest, Starorussky District in the west, and with Parfinsky District in the northwest. The area of the district is 3,200 square kilometers (1,200 sq mi).[3] Its administrative center is the urban locality (a work settlement) of Demyansk.[1] Population: 13,001 (2010 Census);[4] 16,020 (2002 Census);[10] 18,488 (1989 Census).[11] The population of Demyansk accounts for 41.3% of the district's total population.[4]

Demyansky District Демянский район
District
Confluence of the Kunyanka and Yavon Rivers in Demyansky District
Flag Coat of arms
Location of Demyansky District in Novgorod Oblast
Coordinates: 57°38′N 32°28′E
Country	Russia
Federal subject	Novgorod Oblast[1]
Established	October 1, 1927[2]
Administrative center	Demyansk[1]
Area [3]
• Total	3,200 km^2 (1,200 sq mi)
Population  (2010 Census)[4]
• Total	13,001
• Estimate  (2018)[5]	10,466 (-19.5%)
• Density	4.1/km^2 (11/sq mi)
• Urban	41.3%
• Rural	58.7%
Administrative structure
• Administrative divisions	1 Urban-type settlements, 7 Settlements
• Inhabited localities[6]	1 Urban-type settlements[7], 230 Rural localities
Municipal structure
• Municipally incorporated as	Demyansky Municipal District[8]
• Municipal divisions[8]	1 Urban settlements, 7 Rural settlements
Time zone	UTC+3 (MSK [9])
OKTMO ID	49612000
Website	http://www.dem-admin.ru/

Geography

The Yavon River in the village of Peski

Demyansky District is located in the Valdai Hills. As typical for the region, the east of the district contains many lakes. The biggest ones are Lake Seliger, which the district shares with Tver Oblast, and Lake Velyo, shared with Valdaysky District. Lake Seliger and adjacent areas belong to the basin of the Volga River. The western part of the district lies in the basin of the Pola River and its tributaries, the biggest of which are the Polomet and the Yavon. Minor areas in the east of the district belong to the drainage basin of the Msta River. The divide between the basins of the Atlantic Ocean (to which the Pola and the Msta belong) and the Caspian Sea (to which Lake Seliger belongs) thus runs through the district. 12% of the district's territory is occupied by the Valdaysky National Park, which protects forests and lakes in the Valdai Hills and includes Lake Seliger.

History

The area was a part of Derevskaya Pyatina of the Novgorod Republic.[12] The fortress of Demon, which protected the waterway from Lake Ilmen upstream the Pola and the Yavon to Lake Seliger, was first mentioned in a 1406 chronicle. The fortress was located close to the boundary between the Novgorod Republic and the Grand Duchy of Moscow and it was besieged by Muscovite troops at least twice. The Muscovites did not manage to conquer Demon in 1441, but in the 1470s they were more successful and managed to conquer and destroy the fortress. After the subsequent fall of Novgorod, Demon was transferred to the Grand Duchy of Moscow. In the 17th century, Demon went into decline and a new settlement—known initially as Demyansky Pogost and later as Demyansk—was founded nearby. In the course of the administrative reform carried out in 1708 by Peter the Great, the area was included into Ingermanland Governorate (known since 1710 as Saint Petersburg Governorate). In 1727, separate Novgorod Governorate was split off. Between 1772 and 1824, Demyansk was a part of Starorussky Uyezd of Novgorod Viceroyalty (since 1796 of Novgorod Governorate). In 1824, it was chartered and became the seat of Demyansky Uyezd, which was split from Starorussky Uyezd.[13]

In August 1927, the governorates and uyezds were abolished. Demyansky District, with the administrative center in the town Demyansk,[14] was established within Novgorod Okrug of Leningrad Oblast effective October 1, 1927.[2] It included parts of former Demyansky and Starorussky Uyezds.[14] At the same time, the town of Demyansk was demoted to a rural locality (a selo).[14] On July 23, 1930, the okrugs were abolished, and the districts were directly subordinated to the oblast.[15] On January 1, 1932, Polnovo-Seligersky District was abolished and merged into Demyansky District.[16] Between September 9, 1941 and February 21, 1943, Demyansky District was occupied by German troops.[14] The district was the area of fierce battles, and, in 1942 in particular, some German troops were encircled but subsequently managed to break out. On July 5, 1944, Demyansky District was transferred to newly established Novgorod Oblast,[14] where it remained ever since. On December 10, 1962, a part of Polavsky District was merged into Demyansky District.[17] Between February 1, 1963 and January 12, 1965, the district was transformed into Demyansky Rural District,[18] as a part of Nikita Khrushchev's abortive administrative reforms. On February 1, 1963, most of Molvotitsky District's territory was merged into Demyansky Rural District, but on December 30, 1966, the merger was reverted.[19] Also on February 1, 1963, Lychkovsky District was split and merged into Demyansky Rural District and Krestetsky Industrial District.[20]

Economy

Industry

There are no large industrial enterprises in the district. The existing enterprises serve timber and food industries.[3]

Agriculture

As of 2011, there were seven collective farms and fourteen mid-scale private farms operating in the district and specializing on both animal husbandry and horticulture.[3]

Transportation

A railway which connects Bologoye and Pskov via Staraya Russa crosses the district from east to west. The main station within the district is Lychkovo.

Demyansk is located on the road connecting Yazhelbitsy and Staraya Russa. There are also local roads.

Lake Seliger is navigable.

Culture and recreation

Knyazhaya Gora

The district contains 1 cultural heritage monument of federal significance and additionally 231 objects classified as cultural and historical heritage of local significance.[21] The federal monument is the "Knyazhaya Gora" (The Prince Hill) archaeological site.

Demyansk is home of the Demyansky District Museum.[3]

References

Notes

1. Law #559-OZ
2. Snytko et al., p. 85
3. История района (in Russian). Администрация Демянского муниципального района. Retrieved May 30, 2012.
4. Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). "Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1" [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
5. "26. Численность постоянного населения Российской Федерации по муниципальным образованиям на 1 января 2018 года". Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved January 23, 2019.
6. Resolution #121
7. The count of urban-type settlements may include the work settlements, the resort settlements, the suburban (dacha) settlements, as well as urban-type settlements proper.
8. Law #397-OZ
9. "Об исчислении времени". Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). June 3, 2011. Retrieved January 19, 2019.
10. Russian Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004). "Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек" [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian).
11. "Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров" [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. 1989 – via Demoscope Weekly.
12. Историческая справка (in Russian). Официальный сайт Администрации Демянского муниципального района. 2012. Retrieved May 30, 2012.
13. Snytko et al., p. 26
14. Snytko et al., pp. 101–102
15. Snytko et al., pp. 87–88
16. Snytko et al., p. 133
17. Snytko et al., p. 225
18. Snytko et al., p. 173
19. Snytko et al., pp. 195–196
20. Snytko et al., p. 184
21. Памятники истории и культуры народов Российской Федерации (in Russian). Russian Ministry of Culture. Retrieved June 2, 2016.

Sources

• Новгородская областная Дума. Областной закон №559-ОЗ от 11 ноября 2005 г. «Об административно-территориальном устройстве Новгородской области», в ред. Областного закона №730-ОЗ от 26 февраля 2015 г. «О внесении изменений в Областной закон "Об административно-территориальном устройстве Новгородской области"». Вступил в силу 1 января 2006 г. Опубликован: "Новгородские ведомости", №75, 23 ноября 2005 г. (Novgorod Oblast Duma. Oblast Law #559-OZ of November 11, 2005 On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Novgorod Oblast, as amended by the Oblast Law #730-OZ of February 26, 2015 On Amending the Oblast Law "On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Novgorod Oblast". Effective as of January 1, 2006.).
• Администрация Новгородской области. Постановление №121 от 8 апреля 2008 г. «Об реестре административно-территориального устройства области», в ред. Постановления №408 от 4 августа 2014 г. «О внесении изменений в реестр административно-территориального устройства области». Опубликован: "Новгородские ведомости", №49–50, 16 апреля 2008 г. (Administration of Novgorod Oblast. Resolution #121 of April 8, 2008 On the Registry of the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Novgorod Oblast, as amended by the Resolution #408 of August 4, 2014 On Amending the Registry of the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Novgorod Oblast. ).
• Новгородская областная Дума. Областной закон №397-ОЗ от 17 января 2005 г. «Об установлении границ муниципальных образований, входящих в состав территории Демянского муниципального района, наделении их статусом городского и сельских поселений, определении административных центров и перечня населённых пунктов, входящих в состав территорий поселений», в ред. Областного закона №216-ОЗ от 1 марта 2013 г. «О внесении изменений в некоторые областные законы, содержащие перечни населённых пунктов, входящих в состав территорий поселений». Вступил в силу со дня, следующего за днём официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Новгородские ведомости", №11–12, 26 января 2005 г. (Novgorod Oblast Duma. Oblast Law #397-OZ of January 17, 2005 On Establishing the Borders of the Municipal Formations Within the Territory of Demyansky Municipal District, on Granting Them the Status of Urban and Rural Settlements, on Establishing Their Administrative Centers, and on Compiling the Lists of Inhabited Localities Within the Settlement Territories, as amended by the Oblast Law #216-OZ of March 1, 2013 On Amending Various Oblast Laws Containing the Lists of Inhabited Localities Within the Settlement Territories. Effective as of the day following the day of the official publication.).
• Снытко, О. В.; et al. (2009). С. Д. Трифонов; Т. Б. Чуйкова; Л. В. Федина; А. Э. Дубоносова (eds.). Административно-территориальное деление Новгородской губернии и области 1727-1995 гг. Справочник (PDF) (in Russian). Saint Petersburg. Retrieved January 9, 2011.