Obadiah

Obadiah (/ˌoʊbəˈdaɪ.ə/; Hebrew: עֹבַדְיָה‎ – ʿŌvaḏyāh or עֹבַדְיָהוּ‎ – ʿŌvaḏyā́hū; "servant of the Lord") is a Biblical theophorical name, meaning "servant or slave of God" or "worshiper of Yahweh."[2] The form of Obadiah's name used in the Septuagint is Obdios. In Latin it is translated as Abdias while in Arabic it is عبداللّٰه ʿAbdullah. The Bishops' Bible refers to the prophet as Abdi.

This article is about Obadiah in the Old Testament, particularly the prophet to whom authorship of the Book of Obadiah is attributed. For other uses, see Obadiah (disambiguation).
Obadiah
God appearing to Obadiah in his dream (France, 13th century).
Prophet
Diedunknown
Venerated inJudaism
Christianity
Islam
FeastNovember 19 (Catholic, Lutheran, and Eastern Orthodox churches)
Tobi 15 (Coptic)
AttributesProphet with his index finger of his right hand pointing upward[1]
Major worksBook of Obadiah

Prophet Obadiah

The political situation implied in the prophecy points to a time after the Exile, probably in the mid-fifth century B.C. No value can be attributed to traditions identifying this prophet with King Ahab's steward (... so Babylonian Talmud, Sanhedrin 39b) or with King Ahaziah's captain (... so Pseudo-Epiphanius...).

— The Interpreters' Bible[3]

Rabbinic tradition
Vision of Obadiah

According to the Talmud, Obadiah is said to have been a convert to Judaism from Edom,[4] a descendant of Eliphaz, the friend of Job. He is identified with the Obadiah who was the servant of Ahab, and it is said that he was chosen to prophesy against Edom because he was himself an Edomite. Moreover, having lived with two such godless persons as Ahab and Jezebel without learning to act as they did, he seemed the most suitable person to prophesy against Esau (Edom).

Obadiah is supposed to have received the gift of prophecy for having hidden the "hundred prophets" (1 Kings 18:4) from the persecution of Jezebel.[4] He hid the prophets in two caves, so that if those in one cave should be discovered those in the other might yet escape (1 Kings 18:3–4).

Obadiah was very rich, but all his wealth was expended in feeding the poor prophets, until, in order to be able to continue to support them, finally he had to borrow money at interest from Ahab's son Jehoram.[5] Obadiah's fear of God was one degree higher than that of Abraham; and if the house of Ahab had been capable of being blessed, it would have been blessed for Obadiah's sake.[4]

Christian tradition

In some Christian traditions he is said to have been born in "Sychem" (Shechem), and to have been the third captain sent out by Ahaziah against Elijah.[6][7] The date of his ministry is unclear due to certain historical ambiguities in the book bearing his name, but is believed to be around 586 B.C.

Russian icon of Prophets Amos and Obadiah, 18th century.

He is regarded as a saint by several Eastern churches. His feast day is celebrated on the 15th day of the Coptic Month Tobi (January 23/24) in the Coptic Orthodox Church. The Eastern Orthodox Church and those Eastern Catholic Churches which follow the Byzantine Rite celebrate his memory on November 19. (For those churches which follow the traditional Julian Calendar, November 19 currently falls on December 2 of the modern Gregorian Calendar.)

He is celebrated on February 28 in the Syriac and Malankara Churches, and with the other Minor prophets in the Calendar of saints of the Armenian Apostolic Church on July 31.

According to an old tradition, Obadiah is buried in Sebastia, at the same site as Elisha and where later the body of John the Baptist was believed to have been buried by his followers.[8]

It is related to "Abdeel", "servant of God", which is also cognate to the Arabic name "Abdullah" or "Obaidullah". The equivalent Turkish name is Abdil or Abdi.

Teachings

Some of Obadiah's main teachings are:

  • Adherence to the golden rule. As one has done, it shall be done to him (Obadiah 1:15).
  • Humility is better than arrogance, for arrogance is self-deceptive. It deceives the heart (Obadiah 1:2-4).

Other Obadiahs in the Hebrew Bible

Other individuals named Obadiah in the Old Testament are listed as:

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References

Citations
  1. Stracke, Richard (2015-10-20). "The Prophet Obadiah". Christian Iconography.
  2. New Bible Dictionary, second edition. Tyndale House Publishers, Inc., Wheaton, IL, USA.
  3. The Interpreter's Bible, 1953, Volume VI, pp. 857–859, John A. Thompson
  4. "Tract Sanhedrin, Volume VIII, XVI, Part II (Haggada), Chapter XI", The Babylonian Talmud, Boston: The Talmud Society, p. 376 Translated by Michael L. Rodkinson
  5. Midrash Exodus Rabbah xxxi. 3
  6. 2 Kings 1
  7. compilation and translation by Holy Apostles Convent. (1998), The Lives of the Holy Prophets, Buena Vista CO: Holy Apostles Convent, p. 4, ISBN 0-944359-12-4
  8. Denys Pringle, The Churches of the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem: A Corpus. Vol. 2: LZ (excluding Tyre), p. 283.

Sources
Book
  • Holweck, F. G., A Biographical Dictionary of the Saints. St. Louis, MO: B. Herder Book Co., 1924.
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