Oklahoma's 2nd congressional district

Oklahoma's 2nd congressional district
	Oklahoma's 2nd congressional district - since January 3, 2013.
	Markwayne Mullin; R–Westville
Distribution	64.49% rural; 35.51% urban;
Population (2000)	690,131
Median income	$40,305[1]
Ethnicity	71.1% white; 17.1% Native American; 4.1% black; 2.4% Hispanic; 0.6% other; 0.3% Asian;
Cook PVI	R+24[2]

Oklahoma's 2nd congressional district is one of five United States congressional districts in Oklahoma and covers approximately one-fourth of the state in the east. The district borders Arkansas, Kansas, Missouri, and Texas and includes (in whole or in part) a total of 24 counties.[3]

Historically, the district has supported conservative Democrats, and was reckoned as a classic Yellow Dog Democrat district. However, the growing Republican trend in the state has overtaken the district since the start of the 21st century. In the last two elections, the Republican presidential candidate has carried it by the largest margin in the state. Urban voters represent a third of the district.[4]

The district is represented by Republican Markwayne Mullin, becoming only the second Republican after Tom Coburn to hold the seat since 1923. Mullin was first elected in 2012, following the retirement of four-term Democratic incumbent Dan Boren.

Geography

The district borders Kansas to the north, Missouri and Arkansas to the east, and Texas (along the Red River) to the south. It covers all or part of 26 counties. It includes the remainder of Rogers County (including the county seat of Claremore) that is not included in the 1st district, and then, also, all of the following counties: Adair, Nowata, Craig, Ottawa, Mayes, Delaware, Cherokee, Okmulgee, Muskogee, Sequoyah, Okfuskee, McIntosh, Haskell, LeFlore, Hughes, Pittsburg, Latimer, Coal, Atoka, Pushmataha, McCurtain, Choctaw, Bryan, Marshall and Johnston.[3]

Some of the principal cities in the district include Miami, Claremore, Muskogee, Tahlequah, Okmulgee, McAlester, and Durant.

The northern half of the district includes most of the area of Oklahoma referred to as Green Country, while the southern half of the district includes a part of Oklahoma often referred to as Little Dixie. It contains the majority of lands in the Choctaw Nation and the Cherokee Nation, as well as smaller parts of the Creek and Chickasaw nations.

Demographics

According to the 2000 U.S. Census, the district is 35.51 percent urban, 23.95 percent non-white, and has a population that is 2.40 percent Latino and 1.36 percent foreign-born.[4] The district has a higher percentage of Native Americans than any other congressional district in Oklahoma.[5] Its representative, Markwayne Mullin, is one of four Native Americans currently serving in Congress.[6]

Recent election results in statewide races

Presidential races

Year	Results
2000	Bush 53% - 47%
2004	Bush 59% - 41%
2008	McCain 66% - 34%
2012	Romney 68% - 32%
2016	Trump 73% - 23%

Congressional races

2004

2004 Oklahoma's 2nd congressional district election
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Dan Boren	179,579	65.9%
	Republican	Wayland Smalley	92,963	34.1%
Total votes			272,542	100.00%
	Democratic hold

2006

2006 Oklahoma's 2nd congressional district election
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Dan Boren (Incumbent)	122,347	72.7%
	Republican	Patrick K. Miller	45,861	27.3%
Total votes			168,208	100.00%
	Democratic hold

2008

2008 Oklahoma's 2nd congressional district election
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Dan Boren (Incumbent)	173,757	70.5%
	Republican	Raymond J. Wickson	72,815	29.5%
Total votes			246,572	100.00%
	Democratic hold

2010

2010 Oklahoma's 2nd congressional district election
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Dan Boren (Incumbent)	108,203	56.2%
	Republican	Charles Thompson	83,226	43.5%
Total votes			191,429	100.00%
	Democratic hold

2012

Oklahoma's 2nd congressional district, 2012
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Markwayne Mullin	143,701	57.3%
	Democratic	Rob Wallace	96,081	38.3%
	Independent	Michael G. Fulks	10,830	4.3%
Total votes			250,612	100.0%
	Republican gain from Democratic

2014

Oklahoma's 2nd congressional district, 2014[7]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Markwayne Mullin (Incumbent)	110,925	70.0%
	Democratic	Earl Everett	38,964	24.6%
	Independent	Jon Douthitt	8,518	5.4%
Total votes			158,407	100.0%
	Republican hold

2016

Oklahoma's 2nd congressional district, 2016[8]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Markwayne Mullin (Incumbent)	189,839	70.6%
	Democratic	Joshua Harris-Till	62,387	23.2%
	Independent	John McCarthy	16,644	6.2%
Total votes			268,870	100.0%
	Republican hold

2018

Oklahoma's 2nd congressional district, 2018
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Markwayne Mullin (Incumbent)	140,451	65.0%
	Democratic	Jason Nichols	65,021	30.1%
	Independent	John Foreman	6,390	3.0%
	Libertarian	Richard Castaldo	4,140	1.9%
Total votes			216,002	100.0%
	Republican hold

Politics

The district heavily favored conservative Democratic candidates, with only three Republicans taking the district. The district shifted Republican most notably in electing Tom Coburn, who vacated the seat due to a self-imposed term limit pledge (He was elected to the United States Senate 4 years later). It has since been held by Brad Carson and Dan Boren. Since the 2012 election, the 2nd district has elected a Republican to the House, the current Representative Markwayne Mullin.

The district's Democratic leanings stem partly from historic migration patterns into the state. The Little Dixie region of the district imported the people and culture of southern states such as Mississippi after Reconstruction.[9] Voter registration in Little Dixie runs as high as 90 percent Democratic.[9] Additionally, Native Americans in the region tend to vote for Democratic candidates and they have helped Democratic candidates win statewide elections.[5]

Historically this is where Democratic presidential candidates perform best in the state. Bill Clinton easily carried the district in 1992 and 1996. However, the district has been swept up in the growing Republican trend in Oklahoma. George W. Bush received 59 percent of the vote in this district in 2004. John McCain received 66 percent of the vote in this district in 2008.

Muskogee has produced six representatives, more than any other city in the district. Tahlequah has produced three representatives, the second most of any city in the district.

List of members representing the district

Name	Party	Years	Cong ress	Electoral history
Elmer L. Fulton	Democratic	November 16, 1907 – March 3, 1909	60th	Elected in 1907. Lost re-election.
Dick T. Morgan	Republican	March 4, 1909 – March 3, 1915	61st 62nd 63rd	Elected in 1908. Re-elected in 1910. Re-elected in 1912. Redistricted to the 8th district.
William Hastings	Democratic	March 4, 1915 – March 3, 1921	64th 65th 66th	Elected in 1914. Re-elected in 1916. Re-elected in 1918. Lost re-election.
Alice Robertson	Republican	March 4, 1921 – March 3, 1923	67th	Elected in 1920. Lost re-election.
William Hastings	Democratic	March 4, 1923 – January 3, 1935	68th 69th 70th 71st 72nd 73rd	Again elected in 1922. Re-elected in 1924. Re-elected in 1926. Re-elected in 1928. Re-elected in 1930. Re-elected in 1932. Retired.
John C. Nichols	Democratic	January 3, 1935 – July 3, 1943	74th 75th 76th 77th 78th	Elected in 1934. Re-elected in 1936. Re-elected in 1938. Re-elected in 1940. Re-elected in 1942. Resigned to become vice president of Transcontinental & Western Air, Inc.
Vacant		July 3, 1943 – March 28, 1944	78th
William G. Stigler	Democratic	March 28, 1944 – August 21, 1952	78th 79th 80th 81st 82nd	Elected to finish Nichols's term. Re-elected in 1944. Re-elected in 1946. Re-elected in 1948. Re-elected in 1950. Died.
Vacant		August 21, 1952 – January 3, 1953	82nd
Ed Edmondson	Democratic	January 3, 1953 – January 3, 1973	83rd 84th 85th 86th 87th 88th 89th 90th 91st 92nd	Elected in 1952. Re-elected in 1954. Re-elected in 1956. Re-elected in 1958. Re-elected in 1960. Re-elected in 1962. Re-elected in 1964. Re-elected in 1966. Re-elected in 1968. Re-elected in 1970. Retired to run for U.S. Senator.
Clem McSpadden	Democratic	January 3, 1973 – January 3, 1975	93rd	Elected in 1972. Retired to run for Governor of Oklahoma.
Ted Risenhoover	Democratic	January 3, 1975 – January 3, 1979	94th 95th	Elected in 1974. Re-elected in 1976. Lost renomination.
Mike Synar	Democratic	January 3, 1979 – January 3, 1995	96th 97th 98th 99th 100th 101st 102nd 103rd	Elected in 1978. Re-elected in 1980. Re-elected in 1982. Re-elected in 1984. Re-elected in 1986. Re-elected in 1988. Re-elected in 1990. Re-elected in 1992. Lost renomination.
Tom Coburn	Republican	January 3, 1995 – January 3, 2001	104th 105th 106th	Elected in 1994. Re-elected in 1996. Re-elected in 1998. Retired to practice medicine.
Brad Carson	Democratic	January 3, 2001 – January 3, 2005	107th 108th	Elected in 2000. Re-elected in 2002. Retired to run for U.S. Senator.
Dan Boren	Democratic	January 3, 2005 – January 3, 2013	109th 110th 111th 112th	Elected in 2004. Re-elected in 2006. Re-elected in 2008. Re-elected in 2010. Retired.
Markwayne Mullin	Republican	January 3, 2013 – Present	113th 114th 115th 116th	Elected in 2012. Re-elected in 2014. Re-elected in 2016. Re-elected in 2018.

Historical district boundaries

2003 - 2013

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References

Center for New Media & Promotion (CNMP), US Census Bureau. "My Congressional District". www.census.gov.
"Partisan Voting Index – Districts of the 115th Congress" (PDF). The Cook Political Report. April 7, 2017. Retrieved April 7, 2017.
Oklahoma's 2nd District (accessed May 24, 2010).
Representative Dan Boren: District Demographics, That's My Congress (accessed May 11, 2010).
"Paying Attention to the Native American Vote". www.pbs.org.
"Cherokee Nation Honors U.S. Rep. Mullin". Times Record.
"Oklahoma Secretary of State 2014 General Election". Oklahoma Secretary of State. November 4, 2014. Retrieved January 6, 2015.
"Official Results - General Election — November 8, 2016". Oklahoma Secretary of State. November 8, 2016. Retrieved December 1, 2016.
Gaddie, Ronald Keith, "Democratic Party," Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture Archived May 31, 2010, at the Wayback Machine (accessed May 24, 2010).

Martis, Kenneth C. (1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
Martis, Kenneth C. (1982). The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
Congressional Biographical Directory of the United States 1774–present

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[1] Center for New Media & Promotion (CNMP), US Census Bureau. "My Congressional District". www.census.gov.

[Cook-2] "Partisan Voting Index – Districts of the 115th Congress" (PDF). The Cook Political Report. April 7, 2017. Retrieved April 7, 2017.

[boren-3] Oklahoma's 2nd District (accessed May 24, 2010).

[mydistrict-4] Representative Dan Boren: District Demographics, That's My Congress (accessed May 11, 2010).

[pbs.org-5] "Paying Attention to the Native American Vote". www.pbs.org.

[6] "Cherokee Nation Honors U.S. Rep. Mullin". Times Record.

[Generalelection-7] "Oklahoma Secretary of State 2014 General Election". Oklahoma Secretary of State. November 4, 2014. Retrieved January 6, 2015.

[Generalelection2-8] "Official Results - General Election — November 8, 2016". Oklahoma Secretary of State. November 8, 2016. Retrieved December 1, 2016.

[gaddie-9] Gaddie, Ronald Keith, "Democratic Party," Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture Archived May 31, 2010, at the Wayback Machine (accessed May 24, 2010).