Nyavirus

Nyavirus is a genus of viruses in the order Mononegavirales, in the family Nyamiviridae. Ticks and birds serve as natural hosts. There are currently three species in this genus, including the type species Nyamanini nyavirus.[1][2][3]

Nyavirus
Virus classification
Group:
Group V ((−)ssRNA)
Order:
Mononegavirales
Family:
Nyamiviridae
Genus:
Nyavirus
Type Species
  • Nyamanini nyavirus

Taxonomy

Group: ssRNA(-)

[2]

Structure

Viruses in Nyavirus are enveloped, with spherical geometries. The diameter is around 100 to 130 nm. Genomes are linear, around 116kb in length. The genome codes for 6 proteins.[1] Their genomes contain six open reading frames. Of these, only two have been assigned a function: the putative nucleocapsid protein and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase.

GenusStructureSymmetryCapsidGenomic ArrangementGenomic Segmentation
NyavirusSphericalEnvelopedLinearMonopartite

Life Cycle

Viral replication is nuclear. Entry into the host cell is achieved by attachment of the viral GP glycoproteins to host receptors, which mediates clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Replication follows the negative stranded RNA virus replication model. Negative stranded RNA virus transcription, using polymerase stuttering is the method of transcription. Ticks and birds serve as the natural host.[1]

GenusHost DetailsTissue TropismEntry DetailsRelease DetailsReplication SiteAssembly SiteTransmission
NyavirusTicks; birdsNoneClathrin-mediated endocytosisBuddingCytoplasmCytoplasmUnknown

History

NYMV and MDWV were first isolated in 1957 and 1966 respectively. NYMV has been isolated from cattle egrets (species Bubulcus ibis) and ticks (species Argas walkerae) in Egypt, India, Nigeria, South Africa, and Thailand. MDWV has been isolated from tick of the genus Ornithodoros collected in Midway, Kure and Manana islands and northern Honshu, Japan. Antibodies to this virus have been found in the black-tailed gulls (species Larus crassirostris) and black-crowned night herons (species Nycticorax nycticorax).

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References
  1. "Viral Zone". ExPASy. Retrieved 13 August 2015.
  2. ICTV. "Virus Taxonomy: 2014 Release". Retrieved 13 August 2015.
  3. Mihindukulasuriya, K. A.; Nguyen, N. L.; Wu, G.; Huang, H. V.; Travassos Da Rosa, A. P. A.; Popov, V. L.; Tesh, R. B.; Wang, D. (2009). "Nyamanini and Midway Viruses Define a Novel Taxon of RNA Viruses in the Order Mononegavirales". Journal of Virology. 83 (10): 5109–5116. doi:10.1128/JVI.02667-08. PMC 2682064. PMID 19279111.
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