Nyamiviridae

Nyamiviridae is a family of viruses in the order Mononegavirales.[1] Ecdysozoa and birds serve as natural hosts. There are currently twelve species in this family, divided among six genera.[2][3] The genus Peropuvirus has been moved to the family Artoviridae.[4]

Nyamiviridae
Virus classification
(unranked): Virus
Realm: Riboviria
Kingdom: Orthornavirae
Phylum: Negarnaviricota
Class: Monjiviricetes
Order: Mononegavirales
Family: Nyamiviridae
Genera
  • Berhavirus
  • Crustavirus
  • Nyavirus
  • Orinovirus
  • Socyvirus
  • Tapwovirus

Taxonomy
Family Nyamivirdae: genera, species, and their viruses[2][3]
Genus Species Virus (Abbreviation)
Nyavirus Midway nyavirus Midway virus (MIDWV)
Nyamanini nyavirus* Nyamanini virus (NYMV)
Sierra Nevada nyavirus Sierra Nevada virus (SNVV)
Socyvirus Soybean cyst nematode socyvirus* soybean cyst nematode virus 1 (SbCNV-1)

Table legend: "*" denotes type species.

History

NYMV and MDWV were first isolated in 1957 and 1966 respectively. NYMV has been isolated from cattle egrets (species Bubulcus ibis) and ticks (species Argas walkerae) in Egypt, India, Nigeria, South Africa, and Thailand. MDWV has been isolated from tick of the genus Ornithodoros collected in Midway, Kure and Manana islands and northern Honshu, Japan. Antibodies to this virus have been found in the black-tailed gulls (species Larus crassirostris) and black-crowned night herons (species Nycticorax nycticorax).

Structure

Nyamivirions are enveloped, with spherical geometries. Their diameters are around 100 to 130 nm. Nyamiviral genomes are linear, around 11.6 kb in length. The nyamiviral genome codes for six proteins.[2][5] Of these, only two have been assigned a function: the putative nucleocapsid protein and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase.

GenusStructureSymmetryCapsidGenomic arrangementGenomic segmentation
NyavirusSphericalEnvelopedLinearMonopartite

Life cycle

Viral replication is nuclear. Entry into the host cell is achieved by attachment of the viral GP glycoproteins to host receptors, which mediates clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Replication follows the negative stranded RNA virus replication model. Negative stranded RNA virus transcription, using polymerase stuttering is the method of transcription. Ticks and birds serve as the natural host.[2][5]

GenusHost detailsTissue tropismEntry detailsRelease detailsReplication siteAssembly siteTransmission
NyavirusTicks; birdsNoneClathrin-mediated endocytosisBuddingCytoplasmCytoplasmUnknown
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References
  1. Dietzgen, RG; Ghedin, E; Jiāng, D; Kuhn, JH; Song, T; Vasilakis, N; Wang, D; Ictv Report, Consortium (December 2017). "ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Nyamiviridae". The Journal of General Virology. 98 (12): 2914–2915. doi:10.1099/jgv.0.000973. PMC 5775900. PMID 29120298.
  2. "ICTV Report Nyamiviridae".
  3. Amarasinghe, Gaya K.; Bào, Yīmíng; Basler, Christopher F.; Bavari, Sina; Beer, Martin; Bejerman, Nicolás; Blasdell, Kim R.; Bochnowski, Alisa; Briese, Thomas (7 April 2017). "Taxonomy of the order Mononegavirales: update 2017". Archives of Virology. 162: 2493–2504. doi:10.1007/s00705-017-3311-7. ISSN 1432-8798. PMC 5831667. PMID 28389807.
  4. "ICTV Report Artoviridae".
  5. "Viral Zone". ExPASy. Retrieved 13 August 2015.
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