Northwestern Ontario

Northwestern Ontario is a secondary region of Northern Ontario which lies north and west of Lake Superior, and west of Hudson Bay and James Bay. It includes most of subarctic Ontario. Its western boundary is the Canadian province of Manitoba, which disputed Ontario's claim to the western part of the region. Ontario's right to Northwestern Ontario was determined by the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council in 1884[1] and confirmed by the Canada (Ontario Boundary) Act, 1889 of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. In 1912, the Parliament of Canada by the Ontario Boundaries Extension Act gave jurisdiction over the District of Patricia to Ontario, thereby extending the northern boundary of the province to Hudson Bay.

Northwestern Ontario
Secondary region
Country	Canada
Province	Ontario
Largest city	Thunder Bay 107,909 (2016)
Area
• Total	526,417.35 km^2 (203,250.88 sq mi)
Population  (2016)
• Total	231,691
• Density	0.4/km^2 (1/sq mi)
Time zones	UTC−6 (CST)
• Summer (DST)	UTC−5 (CDT)
	UTC−5 (EST)
• Summer (DST)	UTC−4 (EDT)

For some purposes, Northwestern Ontario and Northeastern Ontario are treated as separate regions, while for other purposes they are grouped together as Northern Ontario.

Geographic subdivisions

Northwestern Ontario consists of the districts of Kenora, Rainy River and Thunder Bay. Major communities in the region include Thunder Bay, Kenora, Dryden, Fort Frances, Sioux Lookout, Greenstone, Red Lake, Marathon, and Atikokan. There are also several dozen First Nations in Northwestern Ontario.

Time zones

Northwestern Ontario is divided between the Eastern Time Zone and the Central Time Zone.

Population

Kenora

Thunder Bay

Northwestern Ontario is the province's most sparsely populated region — 54 per cent of the region's entire population lives in the Thunder Bay census metropolitan area alone. Aside from the city of Thunder Bay, Kenora is the only other municipality in the entire region with a population of greater than 10,000 people.

The overall population of Northwestern Ontario has been in decline over the past decade, mainly due to a downturn in the forestry sector, although some individual municipalities within the region have seen modest population growth over the period.

Population of Northwestern Ontario
District	2016	±	2011	±	2006	±	2001	±	1996
Northwestern Ontario	231,691	3.4%	224,034	-4.7%	235,046	0.1%	234,771	-3.8%	244,117
Kenora District	65,533	13.8%	57,607	-10.6%	64,419	4.2%	61,802	-2.5%	63,360
Rainy River District	20,110	-1.3%	20,370	-5.5%	21,564	-2.5%	22,109	-4.4%	23,138
Thunder Bay District	146,048	0.0%	146,057	-2.0%	149,063	-1.2%	150,860	-4.3%	157,619

Politics

Northwestern Ontarians tend to lean left politically, mainly due to the history and influence of labour unions, a growing environmental ethic, and a large Indigenous population. At the federal level, Northwestern Ontario is represented by Liberal MPs Bob Nault in the Kenora District, Don Rusnak in Thunder Bay—Rainy River, and Patty Hajdu in Thunder Bay—Superior North. Provincially, PC Greg Rickford represents Kenora—Rainy River, NDP Judith Monteith-Farrell represents Thunder Bay—Atikokan, and Liberal Michael Gravelle represents Thunder Bay—Superior North.

In 2005, some residents of the region expressed dissatisfaction at the level of attention paid to the region by the provincial government. Some, most notably former Kenora mayor Dave Canfield,[2] and Fort Frances town councillor Tannis Drysdale, have proposed the idea of the region as a whole, or parts of it, seceding from Ontario to join Manitoba, although the campaign did not attract widespread public support.[3]

See also

• Northern Ontario
• Northeastern Ontario

Notes

1. ONTARIO-MANITOBA BOUNDARY CASE "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2012-10-04. Retrieved 2013-01-18.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
2. "Kenora eyes joining Manitoba", cbc.ca, August 3, 2005
3. "So, how does Kenora, Man., sound to you?", Toronto Star, April 1, 2006

External links

• Gateway to Northwestern Ontario History