Norman Krasna

Norman Krasna (November 7, 1909 – November 1, 1984) was an American screenwriter, playwright, producer, and film director. He is best known for penning screwball comedies which centered on a case of mistaken identity. Krasna also directed three films during a forty-year career in Hollywood. He garnered four Academy Award screenwriting nominations, winning once for 1943's Princess O'Rourke, a film he also directed.

Norman Krasna
Born(1909-11-07)November 7, 1909
Queens, New York, United States
DiedNovember 1, 1984(1984-11-01) (aged 74)
Los Angeles, United States
Years active1932–1964
Spouse(s)Ruth Frazee (1940–1950)
Erle Chennault Galbraith (1951–1984)

Biography

Early life

Krasna was born in Queens, New York City. He attended Columbia University and St John's University School of Law, working at Macy's Department Store during the day.

He wanted to get into journalism and talked his way into a job as a copy boy for the Sunday feature department of the New York World in 1928. (He worked with Lewis Weitzenkorn who turned Krasna into a character in the play Five Star Final.[1])

He quit law school, worked his way up to being a drama critic, at first for The World then the New York Evening Graphic and Exhibitors Herald World. He was offered a job with Hubert Voight in the publicity department of Warner Bros and moved to Hollywood.

Press agent and playwright

He decided to become a playwright after seeing The Front Page. To learn the craft, he retyped the Ben Hecht–Charles MacArthur classic more than twenty times.[2] Then while at Warners, at nights he wrote a play, Louder, Please, based on his job and heavily inspired by The Front Page[3] with the lead character inspired by his boss, Hubert Voight.[4] Krasna tried to sell the play to Warners who were not interested – indeed they fired him from his job as publicity agent[5] – but it was picked up by George Abbott who produced it on Broadway.[6]

The play had a short run, and Krasna was then offered a contract at Columbia Pictures as a junior staff writer.[7]

Columbia

In April 1932 he was assigned to his first film, Hollywood Speaks (1932), directed by Eddie Buzzell.[8] He would go on to write four pictures at Columbia, one in collaboration, the rest on his own. After that he was put in charge of the junior writers and no longer wrote on his own.

In August he was working on That's My Boy (1932).[9] In October 1932 he was appointed assistant to Harry Cohn.[10]

Krasna wrote So This Is Africa (1933) Wheeler and Woolsey, who had come to Columbia for one movie. He also did Parole Girl (1933).[11]

In June 1933 Eddie Buzzell arranged for Universal to borrow Krasna from MGM to work on the script for Love, Honor, and Oh Baby! (1933).[12] While there he worked on a script Countess of Monte Cristo.[13] In January 1934 Universal assigned him to write The Practical Joker for Chester Morris.[14]

During the evening he wrote another play, Small Miracle, which was produced on Broadway in 1934. It had a reasonable run and earned good reviews.

Columbia loaned Krasna to MGM where he worked on worked on Meet the Baron (1933). He went to RKO where he wrote The Richest Girl in the World (1934), which earned him an Oscar. He stayed at that studio to do Romance in Manhattan (1935).

Paramount

In November 1934 Krasna signed a two-year contract at Paramount at $1,500 a week.[15][16] While there adapted Small Miracle into Four Hours to Kill! (1935) directed by Mitchell Leisen.[17] He also wrote Hands Across the Table (1935).[18]

Back at MGM, Krasna worked on Wife vs. Secretary (1936).

Around the time of Small Miracle he had an idea for a play about a lynching, Mob Rule but was persuaded against writing it as a play on the grounds it was non commercial. He told the idea to Joseph Mankiewicz who bought it as a film for MGM. It became Fury (1936), directed by Fritz Lang.[19] The film earned Krasna an Oscar nomination.[20]

In August 1936 Paramount announced that Krasna would make his directorial debut in a movie he wrote for George Raft, Wonderful, co-starring Helen Burgess.[21] However the following month Raft objected and the project was suspended.[22] (The film would be made two years later, as You and Me (1938) with Fritz Lang directing.)

At Warners he wrote The King and the Chorus Girl (1937) with good friend Groucho Marx.

In November 1936 he was reportedly working on a new version of Hotel Imperial.[23] He moved to Universal to do As Good as Married (1937) for his old collaborator Eddie Buzzell[24]

MGM

In early 1937 he went to MGM for Big City (1937) with Spencer Tracy, which Krasna also produced.[25] He also wrote and produced The First Hundred Years (1938), originally called Turnabout. In August 1938 MGM announced he would produce The Broadway Melody of 1939.[26] He was also going to produce a James Stewart film about the ship CSS Patrick Henry.[27] Krasna ended up making neither of the latter two.

RKO

In December 1938 Kransa joined RKO and was assigned to work for George Stevens.[28] He wrote the script for Bachelor Mother (1939) which was a huge success.

In April 1939 his income for the previous year was $83,000.[29]

In September 1939 he signed a contract with Universal to write a Deanna Durbin vehicle It's a Date (1940).[30]

For Carole Lombard he wrote Mr. & Mrs. Smith (1941) at RKO which he had sold them in 1939 for $60,000.[31][32]

In April 1940 he signed an agreement with Jean Arthur and Arthur's husband Frank Ross to write and produce a film.[33] That became The Devil and Miss Jones (1941), which he co-produced. It was released by RKO. A second film was announced nby the company, Googer Plays the Field but was never made.[34]

Instead he did two films for Universal: the René Clair-directed The Flame of New Orleans (1940).[35] and another Durbin vehicle for Joe Pasternak, It Started with Eve (1941).[36] He was working on another Durbin film The Good Fair.[37]

In September 1941 Krasna was in New York working on a script, Fire Escape, produced by Ross.[38] this becaame The Man with Blond Hair (1941), which he later described as his "attempt to win the Nobel Peace Prize". It only ran seven performances and encouraged Krasna to focus on comedies for the rest of his career. "I got burned" he said later.[39]

Turning director

In February 1942 Krasna signed a contract to Warner Bros to write and direct.[40] This resulted in Princess O'Rourke (1943), which earned him an Oscar for Best Screen play. However his career momentum as director was interrupted when he went into the army September 1942.

While in the services Krasna directed a film about the activities of the Officer Training school. He spent most of his time in the army at Camp Roach in Los Angeles, enabling him to live in his house in Beverly Hills.

During his war service he continued to write in his spare time. He sent his old Bachelor Mother producer Buddy de Sylva, now at Paramount, the story for what would become Practically Yours (1944).[41] He also adapted The Man with Blond Hair into a movie: in October 1943 Warners announced they purchased an unproduced play by Krasna called Night Action as a vehicle for Helmut Dantine (which was The Man with Blond Hair); the film was not made.[42][43] In March 1944 RKO said they would make a film based on Krasna's story The Hunter Girl with Laraine Day – this was in fact another version of The Richest Girl in the World and was released as Bride by Mistake (1944).[44] He also wrote Dear Ruth.

Broadway success

Moss Hart suggested Krasna write something like Junior Miss and Krasna responded with Dear Ruth. This debuted on Broadway in November 1944, financed solely by Lew Wasserman, and was a massive hit, running for 680 performances; the film rights were sold for over $450,000.[45] (It was the basis of the 1947 film Dear Ruth 1947). By December 1945 it had earned over $1 million on Broadway and led to two touring productions, three USO productions and a plagiarism suit.[46] (In August 1946 Krasna won the plagiariam suit.[47])

Krasna followed it with another comedy for Broadway, John Loves Mary (1947), originally William and Mary, directed by Joshua Logan. It was also very popular and was made into a film (at Warners, sold for $150,000 going up to $250,000) that Krasna did not work on.[48][49]

Less successful was the play Time for Elizabeth (1947), co-written with Krasna's friend Groucho Marx, originally called The Middle Ages which had been written years earlier. The show ran for only eight performances, although film rights were sold for over $500,000. (The film was never made).

In January 1948 he was reportedly working on a musical with Irving Berlin, Stars on my Shoulder.[50] This ended a few months later over a financial disagreement.[51]

Krasna returned to directing feature films with The Big Hangover (1950) for MGM. He sold the script for a big amount but the movie was not a success.[52]

Newspaper reports said he provided the original story for Borderline (1950) but he is not credited in the movie.[53]

Wald-Krasna Productions

In June 1950 he and Jerry Wald formed a production company which was to start when Wald's contract with Warners expired.[54] Later that month Howard Hughes announced he had bought out the remainder of Wald's contract with Warners for $150,000 so the duo could make 8-12 films a year at RKO.[55]

In August they announced a $50 million slate of pictures – 12 films a year over five years.[56] Among the films they were going to make were The Helen Morgan Story,[57] Stars and Stripes starring Al Jolson, Behave Yourself, Size 12, Mother Knows Best, Easy Going, Country Club, The Strong Arm, Call Out the Marines, The Harder They Fall based on the novel by Budd Schulberg with Robert Ryan, Present for Katie by George Beck, Galahad, Cowpoke with Robert Mitchum, Strike a Match, The Blue Veil, All the Beautiful Girls to be directed by Busby Berkeley, Clash by Night by Clifford Odets, A Story for Grown Ups (based on The Time for Elizabeth), All Through the Night, Pilate's Wife, I Married a Woman, Years Ago, a biopic of Eleanor Duse. They had independence to make films up to $900,000.[58][59][60] They bought rights to The Big Story radio show.

By March 1951 the team had made no films.[61] They announced The Blue Veil, Strike a Match, Behave Yourself, Clash By Night, Cowpoke, The USO Story, Girls Wanted, Size 12,The Harted They Fall, I Married a Woman,All the Beautiful Girls and Beautiful Model.[62]

Their first four films were Behave Yourself! (1951), The Blue Veil (1951), Clash by Night (1952) and The Lusty Men. (1952)

In November 1951 Krasna said he "liked it" at RKO "but they would have liked mediocrity".[63] However, in December Krasna and Wald announced they intended to pick up their option to stay at RKO.[64]

In January 1952 the team announced they had renegotiated their deal with Hughes again, and wanted to make two more films that year – one based on an original story by Krasna, the other directed by Krasna with Wald being executive producer. Wald said "Norman and I didn't feel there was enough work for the two of us as executive producers... Norman wants to devote more time to writing."[65] They were going to do High Heels and a musical version of Rain called Miss Sadie Thompson.[66]

However Wald and Krasna became continually frustrated with Hughes. In May 1952 Wald bought out Krasna's interested in the company for $500,000 and Krasna returned to writing.[67][68] In November 1952 Wald was appointed head of production at Columbia. He took some properties he developed with Krasna including Miss Sadie Thompson and an original of Krasna's Darling I Love You.[69]

Return to Broadway

In July 1952 Krasna signed a contract with Paramount to write White Christmas (1954), originally meant to be a vehicle for Bing Crosby and Fred Astaire.[70] His fee was $100,000;[71] the film proved to be a massive hit.

He returned to Broadway with a play he had written years earlier: Kind Sir starring Charles Boyer and Mary Martin directed by Joshua Logan.

In February 1954 Krasna announced he would write and direct an original film for Wald, now at Columbia, speak to Me of Love.[72] The title of this was changed to The Ambassador's Daughter. The film ended up not being made at Columbia – in February 1955 Krasna signed a two-picture deal to write and direct at Universal; the first was to be The Ambassador's Daughter and the second was Red Roses. The latter ended up not being made.[73]

Ambassador starred actor John Forsythe who was put under personal contract to Krasna.[74] Krasna wanted to reteam de Havilland and Forsythe in a film called Cabaret but it was never made.[75]

In November 1954 Krasna was going to direct Jack of Spades starring Jackie Gleason but it was never made.[76] Neither was a proposed film version of Time Out for Elizabeth although he and Marx sold it to Warners for $500,000 in October 1955.[77]

In October 1956 Krasna signed to adapt the novel Stay Away Joe for MGM with Feur and Martin.[78] (No film or show would result.)

A Time for Elizabeth was adapted for television.[79] Krasna adapted Kind Sir as Indiscreet (1958), starring Cary Grant and Ingrid Bergman. Unlike the play it was a big success.

In August 1957 Krasna announced his play My Wife and I would be produced on Broadway with David Merrick.[80] This became Who Was That Lady I Saw You With? (1958). Krasna then adapted this play for the screen and produced what became Who Was That Lady? (1960).

In July 1958 he signed to write a film for Jerry Wald, then at Fox, called High Dive. It was not made.[81]

In July 1959 he signed to make what would become My Geisha.[82]

In August 1959 Wald announced Fox would make The Billionaire from a script by Krasna starring Gregory Peck.[83] This became Let's Make Love (1960), the penultimate movie for Marilyn Monroe.

In June 1960 Richard Quine announced Krasna would adapt Leslie Storm's play Roar Like a Dove for Doris Day. It was not made.[84]

Seven Arts

Krasna wrote Sunday in New York, which reached Broadway with Robert Redford in 1961, directed by Garson Kanin. The film rights were bought by Ray Stark at Seven Arts, who formed a relationship with Krasna. They helped finance the film version of Sunday for which Krasna wrote the script.

In 1961 Krasna announced his play French Street, based on the Jacques Deval play Ramon Saro, would be produced by Seven Arts the following year, and turned into a film based on a script by Krasna, but the play did not go to Broadway and no film resulted.[85][86]

In October 1962 Seven Arts announced they had bought the film rights to the Krasna play Watch the Birdie! and would co produce the play.[87]

Later career

In May 1963 he signed to adapt A Shot in the Dark for Anatole Litvak.[88] However Litvak was replaced by Blake Edwards and Krasna's script was not used.

In 1964 Garson Kanin announced he would direct both the Broadway production and film of Krasna's script Naked Mary, Will You Come Out?[89] However no production resulted.

A comic play Love in E-Flat (1967) had a short run on Broadway.[90] Reviewing it Walter Kerr said "Norman Krasna has become a pale echo of Norman Krasna."[91]

In October 1967 he was reportedly working on a play called Blue Hour with Abe Burrows.[92] David Merrick announced he would produce it.[93] However it was never produced.

Some of his plays did reach Broadway: Watch the Birdie! (1969); Bunny (1970); We Interrupt This Program... (1975), a thriller; and Lady Harry (1978), which premiered in London. "Don't write anything without being sure of your market", said Krasna around the time of Lady Harry. "I like to think I've become a craftsman. When I was a kid I tried to knock them dead line by line. Now I like to build it more gently in a kid of mosaic."[94] His last produced play was Off Broadway (1982).

Krasna spent many years living in Switzerland, but returned to Los Angeles before his death in 1984.

Personal life

From 1940 to 1950 Krasna was married to Ruth Frazee, with whom he had two children.They were divorced in April 1950 and she was awarded $262,500 and custody of the children.[95]

In December 1951 he eloped with Al Jolson's widow Erle to Las Vegas.[96][97] She had two children from her marriage to Joslon. They moved into the Palm Springs, California, home of Erle and Jolson.[98] She inherited $1 million in trust and a $1 million property from Jolson.[99]

They remained married until Krasna's death in 1984. He had six children.

Partial filmography

Scripts for unrealized films

  • Wonderful (circa 1936) – film for George Raft[7]
  • Hello, Russky! (mid-1950s) – a comedy about the Moiseyev Ballet with director René Clair[100]|* Speak to Me of Love (1954)[101]
  • High Dive (circa 1959) – film for Jerry Wald about a water clown at a water carnival[102]
  • French Street (early 1960s)[103]

Theatre credits
  • Paging Napoleon (1931)[104]

Louder, Please (1932)

Unproduced plays

Academy Awards

Won
  • Best Original Screenplay (Princess O'Rourke, 1943)

Nominated
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References
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  3. McGilligan, p. 213}
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  100. McGilligan, p. 224
  101. Thomas M. Pryor (February 13, 1954). "Miss Tierney Set For Krasna Film: She Will Star In 'Speak To Me Of Love' At Columbia – Van Johnson Weighs Role". The New York Times.
  102. Thomas M. Pryor (July 4, 1958). "Krasna Writing Script For Fox: Preparing 'High Dive,' Film About Water Carnival – Goldwyn Rebuilding Set". The New York Times.
  103. Louis Calta (December 19, 1961). "Krasna's 'French Street' Listed For Production Next Season". The New York Times.
  104. Review of play at Variety
  105. "Small Miracle". Internet Broadway Database. Retrieved 2015-11-12.
  106. "Small Miracle". Playbill Vault. Playbill. Retrieved 2015-11-12.
  107. Atkinson, Brooks (September 27, 1934). "The Play: 'Small Miracle' Being a Slice of New York Life in a Theatre Lobby". The New York Times. Retrieved 2015-11-16.
  108. Brooks Atkinson (November 5, 1941). "The Play". The New York Times.
  109. Walter Kerr (February 14, 1967). "Theater: Filtered Play in a Minor Key: 'Love in E Flat' Opens at Brooks Atkinson". The New York Times.
  110. Clive Barnes (April 2, 1975). "'We Interrupt,' Situation Thriller, Arrives". The New York Times.
  111. Joseph Catinellamontclair (March 28, 1982). "Krasna 'Comedy' Offered in Montclair". The New York Times.
  112. Pye, Michael; Krasna, Norman (February 19, 1978). "He's not perfect-but he did know Groucho". The Sunday Times.
  113. "Screen News Here And In Hollywood: Warners Buy 'Night Action' For Helmut Dantine – Fifth Ave. Playhouse To Reopen". The New York Times. October 27, 1943.
  114. Louis Calta (March 30, 1948). "Logan, Huston Set For New Musical: Director And Actor Are Slated For Berlin-Krasna Show, 'Stars On My Shoulders'". The New York Times.
  • McGilligan, Patrick, "Norman Krasna: The Woolworth's Touch", Backstory: Interviews with Screenwriters of Hollywood's Golden Age, University of California Press,1986 p212-240
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