Neognathostomata

The Neognathostomata are a superorder of sea urchins.

Neognathostomata
Temporal range: Lower Jurassic–recent
Echinocyamus pusillus
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Echinodermata
Class: Echinoidea
Infraclass: Irregularia
Superorder: Neognathostomata
Smith, 1981
Orders

Cassiduloida
Clypeasteroida
Echinolampadoida

Description and characteristics

They are distinguished from other sea urchins by their irregular shape and a highly modified feeding lantern. The group includes the well known sand dollars, as well as some less familiar and extinct forms.

Taxonomy
Test of a Clypeaster reticulatus (Clypeasterina).
Mellita longifissa ("sand dollar").
Fossil of an Echinolampas hemisphaericus (Echinolampadoida).
  • familia Apatopygidae Kier, 1962
  • familia Archiaciidae Cotteau & Triger, 1869 †
  • order Cassiduloida
    • Super-familia Cassidulina (Philip, 1963b)
      • familia Cassidulidae (L. Agassiz and Desor, 1847)
    • Super-familia Neolampadina (Philip, 1963b)
      • familia Neolampadidae (Lambert, 1918a)
      • familia Pliolampadidae (Kier, 1962) †
  • order Clypeasteroida A.Agassiz, 1872 ("sand dollars")
    • sous-order Clypeasterina
      • familia Clypeasteridae L. Agassiz, 1835
      • familia Fossulasteridae Philip & Foster, 1971 †
      • familia Scutellinoididae Irwin, 1995 †
    • familia Conoclypidae von Zittel, 1879 †
    • familia Faujasiidae Lambert, 1905 †
    • familia Oligopygidae Duncan, 1889 †
    • familia Plesiolampadidae Lambert, 1905 †
    • sous-order Scutellina
      • infra-order Laganiformes
        • familia Echinocyamidae Lambert & Thiéry, 1914
        • familia Fibulariidae Gray, 1855
        • familia Laganidae Desor, 1858
      • infra-order Scutelliformes
        • familia Echinarachniidae Lambert in Lambert & Thiéry, 1914
        • familia Eoscutellidae Durham, 1955 †
        • familia Protoscutellidae Durham, 1955 †
        • familia Rotulidae Gray, 1855
        • super-familia Scutellidea Gray, 1825
          • familia Abertellidae Durham, 1955 †
          • familia Astriclypeidae Stefanini, 1912
          • familia Dendrasteridae Lambert, 1900
          • familia Mellitidae Stefanini, 1912
          • familia Monophorasteridae Lahille, 1896 †
          • familia Scutasteridae Durham, 1955 †
          • familia Scutellidae Gray, 1825
        • familia Taiwanasteridae Wang, 1984
      • familia Scutellinidae Pomel, 1888a †
  • familia Clypeidae Lambert, 1898 †
  • familia Clypeolampadidae Kier, 1962 †
  • order Echinolampadoida
  • familia Nucleolitidae L. Agassiz & Desor, 1847 †
  • familia Pygaulidae Lambert, 1905 †
  • genus Pygolampas Saucède, Dudicourt & Courville, 2012 †
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References
  • Barnes, Robert D. (1982). Invertebrate Zoology. Philadelphia, PA: Holt-Saunders International. p. 981. ISBN 0-03-056747-5.
  • Kroh A, Mooi R (eds.). "Neognathostomata". World Echinoidea Database. World Register of Marine Species.


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