National Historic Site (United States)

National Historic Site (NHS) is a designation for an officially recognized area of national historic significance in the United States. An NHS usually contains a single historical feature directly associated with its subject. A related but separate designation, the National Historical Park (NHP), is an area that generally extends beyond single properties or buildings, and its resources include a mix of historic and later structures and sometimes significant natural features.

Not to be confused with National Historic Landmark or National Register of Historic Places.
The Liberty Bell (foreground) and Independence Hall (background). Both are historic sites within Independence National Historical Park in Philadelphia.

As of 2018, there are 52 NHPs and 89 NHSs. Most NHPs and NHSs are managed by the National Park Service (NPS). Some federally designated sites are owned by local authorities or privately owned, but are authorized to request assistance from the NPS as affiliated areas. One property, Grey Towers National Historic Site, is managed by the U.S. Forest Service.[1]

As of October 15, 1966, all historic areas, including NHPs and NHSs, in the NPS are automatically listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP). There are also about 90,000 NRHP sites, the large majority of which are neither owned nor managed by the NPS. Of these, about 2,500[2] have been designated at the highest status as National Historic Landmark (NHL) sites.

National Historic Sites
Sagamore Hill NHS, Theodore Roosevelt's home
See also: List of areas in the United States National Park System § National historic sites

National Historic Sites are generally federally owned and administered properties, though some remain under private or local government ownership. There are currently 89 NHSs, of which 77 are official NPS units, 11 are NPS affiliated areas, and 1 is managed by the US Forest Service.

Derived from the Historic Sites Act of 1935, a number of NHSs were established by United States Secretaries of the Interior, but most have been authorized by acts of Congress. In 1937, the first NHS was created in Salem, Massachusetts, in order to preserve and interpret the maritime history of New England and the United States.

There is one International Historic Site in the US park system, a unique designation given to Saint Croix Island, Maine, on the New Brunswick border. The title, given to the site of the first permanent French settlement in America, recognizes the influence that has had on both Canada and the United States. The NPS does not distinguish among these designations in terms of their preservation or management policies.

Customs House at the Salem Maritime NHS in Salem, Massachusetts, the country's first NHS.

National Historical Parks
San Antonio Missions NHP, Mission Concepción
See also: List of areas in the United States National Park System § National historical parks

In the United States, sites are "historic", while parks are "historical". The NPS explains that a site can be intrinsically historic, while a park is a modern legal invention. As such, a park is not itself "historic", but can be called "historical" when it contains historic resources. It is the resources which are historic, not the park.[3]

Klondike Gold Rush International Historical Park was formally established in 1998 by the United States and Canada, the year of the centennial of the gold rush the park commemorates. The park comprises Klondike Gold Rush National Historical Park in Washington and Alaska, and Chilkoot Trail National Historic Site in British Columbia. It was this trail which so many prospectors took in hopes of making their fortunes in the Klondike River district of Yukon.

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See also

References
  1. "Special Initiatives in the Northeastern Area/Grey Towers National Historic Site". 2006-01-18. Retrieved 2008-02-12.
  2. "LIST OF NATIONAL HISTORIC LANDMARKS BY STATE" (PDF). nps.gov. National Park Service. Retrieved 27 October 2015.
  3. U.S. National Park Service, Headquarters Office, Washington, DC. Personal letter.
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