Mount Barker, Western Australia
Mount Barker is a town on the Albany Highway and is the administrative centre of the Shire of Plantagenet in the Great Southern region of Western Australia. At the 2016 census, Mount Barker had a population of 1,905.
| Mount Barker Western Australia | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
.jpg) Lowood Road, Mount Barker, 2018 | |||||||||
  Mount Barker | |||||||||
| Coordinates | 34°37′48″S 117°40′01″E | ||||||||
| Population | 1,905 (2016 census)[1] | ||||||||
| Established | 1892 | ||||||||
| Postcode(s) | 6324 | ||||||||
| Elevation | 300 m (984 ft) | ||||||||
| Location | |||||||||
| LGA(s) | Shire of Plantagenet | ||||||||
| State electorate(s) | Warren-Blackwood | ||||||||
| Federal Division(s) | O'Connor | ||||||||
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The town was named after the nearby hill, which in turn was named in 1829 by Thomas Braidwood Wilson in honour of Captain Collet Barker, who was in command of Western Australia's original British settlement at King George's Sound from 1829 to 1831.[2]
Location
Mount Barker is situated on Albany Highway, 363 kilometres (226 mi) south-east of Perth and 50 kilometres (31 mi) north of the city of Albany. The coastal town of Denmark is around 55 kilometres (34 mi) by road to the south-west via the Denmark-Mount Barker Road. The timber town of Manjimup is 160 kilometres (99 mi) west of Mount Barker, via Muirs Highway. The Hay River, which flows into Wilson Inlet at Denmark, begins its journey just west of Mount Barker.
History
Prior to European settlement, small groups of Aboriginal people, called the Bibbulmun (a clan of the Noongar) People, inhabited the area. These were a nomadic people who followed seasonal food supplies. The Aboriginal name for Mount Barker Hill is 'Pwakkenbak'.
In December 1829, Mount Barker was named after Captain Collet Barker, commandant of the garrison at King George Sound, by naval ship's surgeon Thomas Braidwood Wilson. Wilson explored the area in company with the Noongar Mokare from King George Sound, John Kent (officer in charge of the Commissariat at Frederick Town, King George Sound), two convicts and Private William Gough of the 39th Regiment, while his ship the Governor Phillip was being repaired.[3][4]
European settlement of the Hay River area commenced around the 1830s and the opening of the Perth/Albany Railway in 1889 helped to ensure the town's future; the first store opened in 1890. Population growth continued through the 1890s and the first school and the town hall were opened in 1893. The population of the town was 326 (183 males and 143 females) in 1898.[5]
Industry
Apple orchards were once one of the major industries in the region and thrived until the mid-1960s. Today, viticulture, wheat, canola, plantation timber, sheep and cattle are some of the main agricultural activities still carried out around Mount Barker.
The Plantagenet Shire owns and operates the Great Southern Regional Cattle Saleyards that provide services to cattle producers from within and outside the shire.
Mount Barker is also home to The Banksia Farm which boasts one of every known species of Banksia and most species of Dryandra.
The Stirling and Porongurup Range National Parks are located within the Plantagenet Shire and these, together with the local premium wine industry, have contributed to the growth of tourism in and around Mount Barker.
Available accommodation includes motels, a caravan park and a number of bed & breakfasts and farm-stays in the surrounding area.
There has been a steady growth of hobby farming around the town and throughout the shire as people abandon city-life for a "tree-change". This has seen a corresponding increase in cottage industries offering a range of art and craft products.
A quarry to the east of the town is one of two major sources of spongolite, also called "Mount Barker Stone". While spongolite is commercially exploited for its absorbent qualities, it is also cut into bricks to use as a building material. Examples of white Mount Barker Stone are the Plantagenet Players Theatre, Marmion Street, Mount Barker and Hillside House, Albany.[6] An example of the red variety is the Aquinas College Chapel in Salter Point, Perth.[7]
In 2011, a wind farm was installed 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) north of Mount Barker, comprising three 73-metre-high (240 ft) 800 kW wind turbines, providing power to the town and surrounding area.[8]
Wine region
Mount Barker is one of the 5 nominated subregions of the Great Southern wine region in Western Australia, which is Australia's largest wine region with a rectangle 200 kilometres from east to west and over 100 kilometers from north to south. The area has been described as 'the birthplace of the Great Southern wine region' and has won numerous awards for a variety of wines.[9] Situated as it is in the middle of the Great Southern, the continental aspects of the climate make this quintessential country for Riesling and Shiraz. While, as with the rest of the region, rainfall is winter-spring dominant, late vintage rains can create problems. Mount Barker's continentality also means greater diurnal temperature fluctuations and the occasional spring frost. The Plantagenet Plateau, with Mount Barker its centre point, is marked by its marri soils, lateritic gravelly/sandy loams coming directly from granite rock protrusions. Lat: 34 36’S; Alt: 180–250 m; Hdd: 1488; Gsr: 287 mm; Mjt: 19C; Harvest: Early March to mid-April; Chief Viticultural Hazard: Spring frosts; late vintage rain.[10] Plantagenet Wines established in 1968 was one of the first wineries in the region and is located within the town boundary.[11]
Features
Mount Barker Hill, just 5 km from the town centre, reaches 404 metres above sea level.[12] A sealed road leads to the base of a 184-metre-high (604 ft) TV tower - the tallest free-standing tower in the southern hemisphere[13] - on the summit of the hill. An information sign at the summit states that the steel TV tower weighs 340 tonnes. There is also a lookout and a granite cairn with a bronze directional plate. Views extend north to the Stirling Range and east to the Porongurup Range. An elevated concrete lookout offers views South to Albany and south-west toward Denmark. On a clear day, the Albany Wind Farm is easily visible some 50 km away. In the summer months, many locals use the hill lookout to assess any risk posed by nearby fires.
Mount Barker is also home to numerous historic buildings:
- St Werburghs Chapel was built in 1872 with walls made from chopped straw, clay and woodwork formed from local jarrah. A small cemetery doubles as a historical reference for the region. It is currently maintained only by local volunteers. Donations are greatly appreciated to keep the Chapels operations ongoing. Forms of donations currently accepted are monetary related only, but furniture has been a popular donation throughout the years. Visitors may leave their Names and Comments in the visitor's book. The chapel is a tourist drawcard and still operates regular services once a month, along with special Christmas "Carols By Candlelight" events.
- The old police station, opened in 1868, is now a museum.
- The Mount Barker Post Office and Telegraph Station, built in 1892, ceased operation in the 1960s. Today it is named 'Mitchell House' and houses the local art society and gallery.
- Plantagenet Hotel was built between 1912 and 1914. The verandah includes apple motifs, in celebration of the flourishing apple industry. The hotel is still open for business.
- The town railway building, built in 1923, was restored in 1997 and today houses the Mount Barker Visitor Centre that offers local tourism information. The Visitor Centre no longer takes TransWA Bus bookings but are now available from Duffy's Access Videos in Langton Rd and online.
- Sometime from the late 1950s to the early 1960s, Dutch immigrant and engineer Hubertus Johannes Van der Kolk built a circular house at the northern end of Mount Barker, beside Albany Highway. This unique structure, which could be rotated through 180 degrees to exploit seasonal changes, was labelled "The Round House". Though the home has fallen into disrepair, it was heritage listed in 2005 and Heritage Minister Fran Logan said: "It was an energy-efficient concept ahead of its time."[14] The home was hidden from passers-by for many years by trees and shrubs but clearing for major roadworks which commenced in December 2006 resulted in it once again being exposed to public view. Restoration works have been completed on "The Round House" however, engineers have stated that the damage is too extensive to the turning mechanism and the building will not be able to turn. The Heritage Council has published a detailed history of this "rare" building in a Register of Heritage Places - Assessment Document.[15]
- The farming areas surrounding the town are also rich with old farmhouses, sheds and machinery.
The Stirling Range lies approximately 40 km to the north-east of the town by road, via Kendenup. The Porongurup Range is a 15-minute drive to the east of the town. The two ranges have vastly different appearances and display different flora and geology. Both parks have gazetted walk trails that are especially popular during the spring wildflower season, from August to November. The Porongurup Range has a new "Granite Skywalk" which rewards hikers taking the Castle Rock walk trail. The upper Skywalk encompasses nearly 360-degree views, whilst the lower skywalk gives visitors views across the valley to the Stirling Range.
Media
Mount Barker radio stations include 783 Triple M (formerly 6VA and RadioWest), Vision FM, HitFM (formerly HOT FM), ABC South Coast, ABC NewsRadio, ABC Radio National, ABC Classic FM & Triple J.
Below is a table showing the broadcast frequencies on which these services can be received.
| Service | Broadcast Frequency |
|---|---|
| ABC Local Radio | 630 kHz AM |
| 783 Triple M | 783 kHz AM |
| ABC News | 92.1 MHz FM |
| Triple J | 92.9 MHz FM |
| Vision FM | 93.7 MHz FM |
| ABC Classic FM | 94.5 MHz FM |
| HitFM | 95.3 MHz FM |
| ABC Radio National | 96.9 MHz FM |
Localised television stations available in Mount Barker include GWN7, WIN Television Western Australia, West Digital Television, SBS and ABC Television Western Australia. GWN7 broadcasts a half-hour news program for regional WA, GWN7 News, at 5:30pm on weeknights with a district newsroom covering Albany, Mount Barker and surrounding areas, based in Albany.
Below is a table showing the full suite of digital television services available in Mount Barker. These services are broadcast from the Southern Agricultural site at Mount Barker Hill and cover the majority of the geographic area with some residents relying on receiving these services via satellite using the Viewer Access Satellite Television (VAST) system. The transmission site employs vertical polarisation.
| LCN | Channel Name | Broadcast Ch. No. | Broadcast frequency |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2 | ABC | VHF 11 | 219.5 MHz |
| 3 | SBS | VHF 10 | 212.5 MHz |
| 5 | NINE | VHF 12 | 226.5 MHz |
| 6 | GWN7 | VHF 6 | 177.5 MHz |
| 8 | WIN | VHF 8 | 191.5 MHz |
| 20 | ABC HD | VHF 11 | 219.5 MHz |
| 21 | ABC | VHF 11 | 219.5 MHz |
| 22 | ABC COMEDY/KIDS | VHF 11 | 219.5 MHz |
| 23 | ABC ME | VHF 11 | 219.5 MHz |
| 24 | ABC NEWS 24 | VHF 11 | 219.5 MHz |
| 30 | SBS HD | VHF 10 | 212.5 MHz |
| 31 | SBS VICELAND | VHF 10 | 212.5 MHz |
| 32 | SBS WORLD MOVIES | VHF 10 | 212.5 MHz |
| 33 | Food Network | VHF 10 | 212.5 MHz |
| 34 | NITV | VHF 10 | 212.5 MHz |
| 50 | 9Gem | VHF 12 | 226.5 MHz |
| 55 | 9Go! | VHF 12 | 226.5 MHz |
| 62 | 7TWO | VHF 6 | 177.5 MHz |
| 63 | 7mate | VHF 6 | 177.5 MHz |
| 65 | ishop tv | VHF 6 | 177.5 MHz |
| 68 | RACING.COM | VHF 6 | 177.5 MHz |
| 80 | WIN HD | VHF 8 | 191.5 MHz |
| 81 | 10 BOLD | VHF 8 | 191.5 MHz |
| 82 | 10 Peach | VHF 8 | 191.5 MHz |
| 83 | Sky News on WIN | VHF 8 | 191.5 MHz |
| 84 | TVSN | VHF 8 | 191.5 MHz |
Facilities
Mount Barker has a hospital and medical centre, police station, TAFE College, a community college catering for K-12 schooling, childcare facilities plus Scouts and Girl Guides. The new shire offices were opened in the town centre in 2006.
In 2004, the state government announced preliminary funding for construction of the Mount Barker Community College. This 'One Community, One College' project will ultimately see all public schooling, from kindergarten to TAFE, located on the existing Mount Barker Senior High School site. Work commenced on the integrated facility in January 2007 with the aim of catering for years 4 to 12 by 2008.[16] In December 2007, funding for Stage Two, for Kindergarten to year 3, was confirmed. Construction of all stages is now complete, as is the new Trade Training Centre.
Mount Barker has commercial, retail and industrial facilities associated with the regional centre for the Plantagenet Shire. Sporting facilities include a football ground (Sounness Park), the home of the Mount Barker Football Club, a modern indoor recreation centre and gymnasium, a 50m outdoor swimming pool, speedway track, horse-racing track (Frost Park) and skate park. Popular sports include Australian Rules Football, rugby union, cricket and equestrian pursuits.
Besides the public library, Mount Barker also has cultural facilities including a public art gallery that displays and offers works by local artists. There is also a popular amateur theatre company, "The Plantagenet Players", which has members from nine years old to seniors.
Emergency services in the town consist of Police and volunteers in the St John Ambulance, Fire & Rescue Service, Bush Fire Service and State Emergency Service. Training and equipment are provided by both the Shire and State Government. There are a number of charitable organisations including Rotary, Lions, Red Cross, and Anglicare.
The Great Southern Railway, which runs through town, commenced operation to Mount Barker in 1889, boosting expansion in the region. There are no longer passenger services on the line which is used primarily for grain haulage to Albany Port. The train passes a few times per day and has a distinct noise that can be heard throughout the town, including a loud fog horn.
Pardelup Prison is located near Denbarker, just west of Mount Barker.
Residents of Mount Barker, Western Australia comment that the town is often confused with Mount Barker, South Australia, especially when dealing with national telephone centres based outside Western Australia.
Climate
Mount Barker has a temperate climate with warm summers and mild to cold winters. Summer temperatures can exceed 40 degrees Celsius, but rarely do, averaging around 26 degrees. Overnight temperatures in winter can drop to 0 degrees, but rarely any lower and daytime winter temperatures average around 10-15 degrees Celsius.[17]
Rainfall averages from around 24 millimetres (1 in) per month in January to over 100 millimetres (4 in) in July.
| Climate data for Mount Barker (1886-2013) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 43.9 (111.0) |
43.6 (110.5) |
40.6 (105.1) |
37.2 (99.0) |
32.2 (90.0) |
24.3 (75.7) |
22.2 (72.0) |
25.0 (77.0) |
29.3 (84.7) |
35.6 (96.1) |
39.4 (102.9) |
42.9 (109.2) |
43.9 (111.0) |
| Average high °C (°F) | 26.2 (79.2) |
26.0 (78.8) |
24.2 (75.6) |
21.2 (70.2) |
17.8 (64.0) |
15.3 (59.5) |
14.3 (57.7) |
15.0 (59.0) |
16.8 (62.2) |
18.8 (65.8) |
21.8 (71.2) |
24.2 (75.6) |
20.1 (68.2) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 12.8 (55.0) |
13.1 (55.6) |
12.4 (54.3) |
10.7 (51.3) |
8.8 (47.8) |
7.1 (44.8) |
6.1 (43.0) |
6.1 (43.0) |
6.9 (44.4) |
8.0 (46.4) |
9.9 (49.8) |
11.4 (52.5) |
9.4 (48.9) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 1.7 (35.1) |
4.0 (39.2) |
3.6 (38.5) |
2.2 (36.0) |
0.6 (33.1) |
−1.1 (30.0) |
−2.2 (28.0) |
−1.3 (29.7) |
−0.6 (30.9) |
0.1 (32.2) |
1.1 (34.0) |
1.1 (34.0) |
−2.2 (28.0) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 23.3 (0.92) |
23.9 (0.94) |
36.4 (1.43) |
54.2 (2.13) |
82.7 (3.26) |
95.3 (3.75) |
103.4 (4.07) |
89.0 (3.50) |
79.2 (3.12) |
68.6 (2.70) |
43.0 (1.69) |
29.5 (1.16) |
728.5 (28.67) |
| Average rainy days (≥ 0.2mm) | 7.7 | 7.3 | 9.8 | 12.5 | 16.3 | 18.8 | 20.3 | 19.7 | 17.5 | 15.6 | 11.2 | 9.1 | 165.8 |
| Source: Bureau of Meteorology[18] | |||||||||||||
Significant weather events
- While light snowfalls are not unusual on the peaks of the Porongurup and Stirling Range, it is very unusual for snow to fall to ground level anywhere in Western Australia. However, snow has been recorded in Mount Barker on several occasions. On 28 August 1992, with a maximum temperature of 7.2 degrees Celsius, two falls of snow were recorded. That same year, on 19 November, a light snowfall was recorded just two weeks before summer, this was the latest in the year snow had been recorded in the whole of Western Australia.[19]
- In June 2000, the Town Hall in Mount Barker lost its roof as a result of strong wind gusts.[20]
- On 28 December 2000, unusually hot weather and 44 km/h winds contributed to a bushfire that travelled south through the town, destroying two houses plus other buildings and equipment.[21]
- On 1 April 2005, the Plantagenet Shire suffered substantial flooding after heavy and persistent rainfall in the previous two days.[22]
- Golf ball-sized hail fell in Mount Barker and surrounding districts on 23 October 2006.[23]
References
- Australian Bureau of Statistics (27 June 2017). "Mount Barker (Urban centre/locality)". 2016 Census QuickStats. Retrieved 30 May 2018.
- Bach, John (1966). "Barker, Collet (1784–1831)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. Melbourne University Press. Retrieved 21 June 2018.
- Wilson, Thomas Braidwood (1835). Narrative of a Voyage Round the World. London: Sherwood Gilbert & Piper.
- Wilson, Thomas Braidwood (1833), "Extract of a letter received from Dr J.B. Wilson, R.N., dated King George's Sound, 15th December, 1829", in Cross, Joseph (ed.), Journals of Several Expeditions Made in Western Australia During the Years 1829, 1830, 1831 and 1832: Under the Sanction of the Governor, Sir James Stirling, London: J. Cross, pp. 14–26
- "Population of Western Australia". Western Mail (Perth, WA : 1885 - 1954). Perth, WA: National Library of Australia. 22 April 1898. p. 23. Retrieved 28 May 2012.
- "Hillside". inHerit - Our Heritage Places. Perth, WA: Heritage Council of WA. 8 February 2015. Retrieved 28 February 2015.
- "Assessment Documentation - Administration Building and Chapel, Aquinas College" (pdf). Register of Heritage Places. Perth, WA: Heritage Council of WA. 17 December 2010. Retrieved 28 February 2015.
- "Mt Barker Community Wind Farm". Mt Barker Power Company. Retrieved 28 February 2015.
- Great Southern - Australian wine regions - Wine Diva Australia Archived 30 December 2006 at the Wayback Machine
- James Halliday (2009). The Australian Wine Encyclopedia. Hardie Grant Books. ISBN 978-1-74066-774-6.
- Great Southern wine region history Archived 13 March 2007 at the Wayback Machine
- Information sign posted on Mt Barker summit
- Australian Travel Guide Archived 30 June 2007 at the Wayback Machine
- Heritage Council of WA Media release; September 2005
- Register of Heritage Places - Assessment Document. September 2005. Round House, Mount Barker
- Learning City – Learning Region Audit and Study "GROWING THE GREAT SOUTHERN" Archived 26 August 2006 at the Wayback Machine
- Climate averages by number
- "Mount Barker". Climate statistics for Australian locations. Bureau of Meteorology. April 2013. Retrieved 8 April 2013.
- Snow in Western Australia
- Significant Weather - June 2000
- Mount Barker, WA: Bushfire Archived 27 September 2007 at the Wayback Machine
- Australian Weather News - Friday 1 Apr 2005
- Significant Weather - October 2006
Bibliography
- Glover, Rhoda; et al. (1979). Plantagenet: A History of the Shire of Plantagenet, Western Australia. Nedlands, WA: Published for the Shire of Plantagenet by the University of Western Australia Press. ISBN 0855641754.