Mona Bone Jakon

Mona Bone Jakon is the third studio album released by singer-songwriter Cat Stevens, released in April 1970 on the Island Records label in the United Kingdom and on the A&M record label in the United States and Canada.

Mona Bone Jakon
Studio album by Cat Stevens
Released	24 April 1970
Recorded	January–February 1970, Olympic Studios, London; Abbey Road Studios, London
Genre	Folk rock
Length	35:15
Label	Island (UK/Europe) A&M (US/Canada)
Producer	Paul Samwell-Smith
Cat Stevens chronology
New Masters (1967) Mona Bone Jakon (1970) Tea for the Tillerman (1970)

Overview

After a meteoric start to his career, surprising even his original producer at Deram Records with the hit singles "I Love My Dog", "Matthew and Son", and "I'm Gonna Get Me a Gun", Stevens' debut album, Matthew and Son, began charting. However, after the pressure for a repeat album of the same calibre, Stevens, considered a young teen sensation, was overwhelmed by a new lifestyle, as well as the demands of writing, recording, performing, publicity appearances, and touring. His second album was a commercial failure and in the autumn of 1968, he collapsed, with the diagnosis of tuberculosis and a collapsed lung. For over a year, while recovering, Stevens virtually disappeared from the British pop scene. Mona Bone Jakon is notable not only for his return, but for the emergence of a very different artist. The album sold slowly (at first) but over time has been certified gold for sales/shipments of more than 500,000 copies in the United States.

Background

During his hospital-dictated year of bedrest, Stevens began writing a catalogue of songs to fill far more than his next album. After his recovery, he negotiated out of his contract with Deram Records and joined with former Yardbirds bassist Paul Samwell-Smith with a stripped down sound. In contrast to his first two albums, these new songs were sparse arrangements; played on acoustic guitars and keyboards and accompanied by a smaller backing band, consisting only of three other performers: second guitarist Alun Davies, bassist John Ryan, and drummer Harvey Burns—and on one song, "Katmandu", Peter Gabriel on the flute. Samwell-Smith also produced the album and brought Stevens a high fidelity sound that was not as present on his previous releases. Samwell-Smith was one of the early producers in rock to push the lower bass frequencies more prominently into the mix in an attempt to keep up with the new audiophile generation which was embracing larger home speakers and high end phonographic cartridges. Stevens began to make the transition from pop star to a folk-rock performer, when the term "singer-songwriter" was just being coined.

The songs themselves were darker in tone: the madrigal-inspired ballad "Lady D'Arbanville" elevated the tragedy of a lost lover (in this case, Stevens' former girlfriend Patti D'Arbanville) to that of a deceased one; "Trouble" was a plea to stave off death. There were also lighter songs; "Pop Star" showcased Stevens' dramatic change in voice by satirising the triviality of celebrity.

Though "Lady D'Arbanville" would reach No. 8 on the British charts, Mona Bone Jakon was only a modest success upon its initial release. The album attracted attention, however, in the wake of the commercial breakthrough of its follow-up, Tea for the Tillerman, and with the inclusion of three of its songs ("Trouble", "I Wish, I Wish", and "I Think I See the Light") in Hal Ashby and Colin Higgins's black comedy Harold and Maude in 1971.

Origin of title

According to a 1972 interview with Stevens, the inspiration for the title was a name he created to describe his penis: "'Mona Bone Jakon' is another name for my 'penis'. It's the name I give it. It's not some sort of secret vocabulary, it's just something I made up."[1]

Journalist Robert Chalmers reiterated this point for a 2003 interview with Islam for The Independent on Sunday when he wrote: "When [Stevens] re-emerged in 1969, he had more than 40 new songs and released three triumphant albums in 15 months on Chris Blackwell's Island label: Mona Bone Jakon (his pet word for penis), Tea For The Tillerman and Teaser And The Firecat."[2]

Critical reception

Professional ratings

Review scores
Source	Rating
Christgau's Record Guide	B–[3]

In a contemporary review for The Village Voice, music critic Robert Christgau said that after the commercial failure of New Masters, "this one has a nice post-creative trauma feel, intimate and sensitive. Recommended to singer/songwriter specialists."[4] In a retrospective review, Allmusic's William Ruhlmann gave it four out of five stars and called it "a group of simple, heartfelt songs played in spare arrangements on acoustic guitars and keyboards and driven by a restrained rhythm section." They added that "Stevens' craggy voice, with its odd breaks of tone and occasional huskiness, lent these sometimes sketchy songs depth".[5]

Track listing

All tracks are written by Cat Stevens.

Side One

No.	Title	Length
1.	"Lady D'Arbanville"	3:45
2.	"Maybe You're Right"	3:25
3.	"Pop Star"	4:13
4.	"I Think I See the Light"	3:55
5.	"Trouble"	2:49

Side Two

No.	Title	Length
1.	"Mona Bone Jakon"	1:42
2.	"I Wish, I Wish"	3:50
3.	"Katmandu"	3:22
4.	"Time"	1:26
5.	"Fill My Eyes"	3:00
6.	"Lilywhite"	3:41

Personnel

• Cat Stevens – acoustic guitar, classical guitar, keyboards, vocals
• Alun Davies – acoustic guitar, backing vocals
• John Ryan – double bass
• Harvey Burns – drums, percussion
• Peter Gabriel – flute on "Katmandu"
• Del Newman – strings, arrangements

Production

• Producer – Paul Samwell-Smith
• Engineer – Michael Bobak
• Mixing – Paul Hicks
• Supervisor – Bill Levenson
• Coordinator – Beth Stempel
• Mastering – Ted Jensen
• Design – Roland Young, Mike Diehl
• Illustrations – Cat Stevens
• Photography – Grazia Neri, Richard Stirling

Charts

Album

Year	Chart	Position
1971	Pop Albums	164

Singles

Year	Single	Chart	Position
1970	Lady D'Arbanville	U.K. Pop Singles	8

Certifications and sales

Region	Certification	Certified units/sales
France (SNEP)[6]	Gold	100,000^*
Germany (BVMI)[7]	Platinum	500,000^^
United States (RIAA)[8]	Gold	500,000^^
^*sales figures based on certification alone ^^shipments figures based on certification alone

Notes

1. , trans. Michael Valenzuela, "Majicat – Cat Stevns (sic) in a French Magazine Pop Musigue (sic)", Pop Musique interview, Majicat: Cat Stevens Scrapbook, c. 1972, retrieved 24 February 2012CS1 maint: others (link)
2. "The Robert Chalmers Interview: Back on the Peace Train", The Independent on Sunday, 10 December 2003, archived from the original on 24 February 2005, retrieved 2 May 2010CS1 maint: unfit url (link)
3. Christgau, Robert (1981). "Consumer Guide '70s: S". Christgau's Record Guide: Rock Albums of the Seventies. Ticknor & Fields. ISBN 089919026X. Retrieved 13 March 2019 – via robertchristgau.com.
4. Christgau, Robert (19 November 1970). "Consumer Guide (14)". The Village Voice. New York. Retrieved 13 February 2014.
5. Mona Bone Jakon at AllMusic
6. "Les Certifications depuis 1973: Albums". Infodisc.fr. Retrieved 11 June 2019. (select "Cat Stevens" from drop-down list)
7. "Gold-/Platin-Datenbank (Cat Stevens; 'Mona Bone Jakon')" (in German). Bundesverband Musikindustrie. Retrieved 11 June 2019.
8. "American album certifications – Cat Stevens – Mona Bone Jakon". Recording Industry Association of America. Retrieved 11 June 2019. If necessary, click Advanced, then click Format, then select Album, then click SEARCH.