Moana Carcasses Kalosil

Moana Carcasses Kalosil (born 27 January 1963[1]) is a Vanuatuan politician. He was Prime Minister of Vanuatu from March 2013 to May 2014. He was the first naturalized citizen of Vanuatu to become the country's prime minister.[2][3]

In this ni-Vanuatu name, the family name is Carcasses, and the traditional name is Kalosil.

Moana Carcasses Kalosil
Prime Minister of Vanuatu
In office 23 March 2013 – 15 May 2014
President	Iolu Abil
Preceded by	Sato Kilman
Succeeded by	Joe Natuman
Personal details
Born	(1963-01-27) 27 January 1963 Taravao, French Polynesia
Political party	Green Confederation
Spouse(s)	Marie Louise Milne

Carcasses was ousted as prime minister in 2014 in a motion of no-confidence, but returned to government in 2015 as Deputy Prime Minister in the government of Sato Kilman.[4] In October 2015, Carcasses and 13 of his fellow government MPs were imprisoned for bribery after the Vanuatu Supreme Court found that Carcasses had offered loans to the other MPs to gain their support in a motion of no-confidence while in Opposition.[5][6]

Biography

Moana Carcasses was born on 27 January 1963 in Taravao, Tahiti, French Polynesia. His mother was ethnically Tahitian. His French father was originally from the region surrounding Carcassonne in Southern France.[1]

Political career

He served as Foreign Minister under Prime Minister Edward Natapei from 2003 to 2004.[7] Following parliamentary elections, he became Finance Minister on 28 July 2004 under Prime Minister Serge Vohor. He kept the post of finance minister when Ham Lini became prime minister later in 2004. He remained in that position until 14 November 2005 when he was sacked by Lini for unclear reasons.

He is a member of the Vanuatu Green Party (Green Confederation), which he led into the opposition when he lost his cabinet post in November 2005. On that occasion became deputy leader of the opposition.

In the September 2008 general election, he retained his seat, as well as the leadership of the Green Confederation, and became whip of the parliamentary Opposition to Prime Minister Edward Natapei's government.[8]

In December 2008, he and fellow Member of Parliament Ralph Regenvanu were arrested, detained by the police for 24 hours, and charged with "harbouring and aiding of prisoners", "obstructing police on duty" and "accessory after the fact" to the breakout of 30 inmates from the country's main prison in Port Vila. Although Regenvanu admitted having known of the plans for the breakout, and having assisted escapees in finding shelter at the National Council of Chiefs's nakamal, it is not clear what role Carcasses allegedly played in these events.[9] They were released, provisionally, and appeared in court in February 2009.[10][11] In January 2009, Prime Minister Edward Natapei's government stated that it would consider seeking Regenvanu's and Carcasses' suspension from Parliament over the charges.[8]

In September 2009, the Supreme Court dropped all charges against both men.[12]

In December 2009, in the context of a Cabinet reshuffle, Carcasses left the Opposition and joined Natapei's government, becoming Minister of Internal Affairs. In his latter capacity, he argued that unemployment in Vanuatu should be addressed by encouraging young people to return to agricultural work in their native rural areas, and produce their own food, rather than move to Port Vila where they would often struggle to find a job.[13] He joined the Cabinet as the leader of an informal "Alliance" of MPs from a variety of small parties, and three independent MPs.[14]

As Minister for Internal Affairs and Labour, he stated that he had prevented unqualified applicant Chinese labourers in the construction sector from obtaining or renewing work permits, "because these people wanted to rob employment from ni-Vanuatu. My policy is that 'man ples' [indigenous ni-Vanuatu] are the priority".[15]

In December 2010, when the Natapei government was ousted in a vote of no confidence, Carcasses supported his successor Sato Kilman, and obtained a post as Minister of Finance and Economic Management in the new government.[16][17] Kilman was himself ousted in a vote of no confidence on 24 April 2011, however, and Carcasses lost his position in government.[18] He recovered it three weeks later, on 13 May, when the court of appeal voided the election of Serge Vohor's new government on constitutional grounds, and the Kilman government was restored.[19] This lasted for only a month; on 16 June, the Kilman premiership was itself voided on constitutional grounds by the Supreme Court's Chief Justice Vincent Lunabek, and Carcasses lost office once more.[20] He regained it on 26 June when Kilman was restored as Prime Minister by Parliament, and reinstated his Cabinet.[21]

Prime Minister of Vanuatu

Carcasses retained his seat in the October 2012 general election, and maintained his confidence in the Kilman government, of which however he was no longer a member. He sat as a government backbencher until 20 March 2013, when he was one of 8 MPs to cross the floor, join the Opposition and force Kilman to resign.[22] Three days later, Parliament elected Carcasses as Prime Minister, with the support of 34 MPs out of 52.[23] He is the first foreign-born person to lead the country, and his predecessor objected to his election on those grounds.[24]

In addition to his focus on the environment (including the creation of a Ministry for Planning and Climate Change[25]), the press noted "his unwavering support for the West Papua cause", and his opposition to Indonesia's participation as an observer in the Melanesian Spearhead Group - a position which contrasted with his predecessor's.[26]

He entrusted his Minister for Foreign Affairs, Edward Natapei, with a clean-up of the selling of diplomatic passports by previous governments. Within the first few days of the Carcasses government, the passports of "about ten" diplomats were revoked, with indications that more than two thirds of the country's diplomats could lose their position, as their appointment had not followed proper procedures.[27]

Bribery

In October 2015, Moana Carcasses and 13 other MPs were found guilty by the Vanuatu Supreme Court of bribery under the Penal Code. (An additional MP, Willie Jimmy, had already pleaded guilty, and another, Robert Bohn, was acquitted.) Carcasses was Deputy Prime Minister at the time of his conviction. The court found that Carcasses, together with Tony Ngari MP, had offered bribes totalling $452,000 to the other MPs to secure their support in a motion of no-confidence to oust the government of Joe Natuman. The judge, Justice Mary Sey, refused to accept the defence argument that these payments were development loans.[28] At one point during the trial, Carcassess was accused of threatening a witness.[29] Additional charges of inappropriate giving of loans under the Leadership Code Act were dropped after it was ruled in a separate court judgement that the Ombudsman had not followed proper procedure in preparing a report into these allegations.[30][31]

In the aftermath of the verdict, Carcasses called for calm and for people to respect the law.[5] He was not among the MPs who faced additional charges of conspiracy to pervert the course of justice after Speaker of Parliament Marcellino Pipite, one of the convicts, attempted to use his powers as Acting President to have himself and the others pardoned.[32] Carcasses was sentenced to 4 years imprisonment; most of those whom he had bribed received 3-year jail terms.[6] The case was widely acclaimed as a positive step towards tackling corruption in Vanuatu.[33][34]

References

1. "Samoa Conference "Fostering Inclusive Growth and Building Resilience" Moana Carcassés Kalosil- Minister of Finance, Vanuatu biography" (PDF). International Monetary Fund. 23 March 2012. Retrieved 24 March 2013.
2. "Vanuatu parliament elects new prime minister". Radio Australia. 25 March 2012. Retrieved 24 March 2013.
3. "Vanuatu parliament elects new prime minister". Australia Network. 24 March 2012. Retrieved 24 March 2013.
4. "Vanuatu government ousting defended". RNZ. 12 June 2015. Retrieved 29 August 2019.
5. "Vanuatu deputy PM &13 MPs found guilty in bribery trial". RNZ. 9 October 2015. Retrieved 29 August 2019.
6. "Vanuatu jails 14 MPs for corruption". 22 October 2015. Retrieved 29 August 2019 – via www.bbc.com.
7. "Parliament of Vanuatu - Seventh Legislature". Archived from the original on 30 September 2013. Retrieved 29 August 2019.
8. "MPs to challenge any motion to suspend them", Vanuatu Daily Post, 17 January 2009 Archived 17 March 2011 at the Wayback Machine
9. "Carcasses and Regenvanu charged", Vanuatu Daily Post, 23 December 2008 Archived 25 December 2008 at the Wayback Machine
10. "Deux députés du Vanuatu comparaissent aujourd’hui devant la cour de première instance", ABC Radio Australia, 6 February 2009 Archived 10 February 2009 at the Wayback Machine
11. "Magistrate refuses application to strike out MPs’ case", Vanuatu Daily Post, 4 February 2009 Archived 17 March 2011 at the Wayback Machine
12. "Vanuatu Politicians cleared of charges relating to prison break". ABC Radio Australia. 29 September 2009. Retrieved 23 November 2009.
13. "Vanuatu labour minister advocates return to agriculture". Radio New Zealand International. 10 February 2010. Retrieved 25 October 2011.
14. "Crack in Alliance", Vanuatu Daily Post, 4 September 2010
15. "No renewal for Chinese workers: Carcasses", Vanuatu Daily Post, 3 December 2010
16. "Vanuatu's Natapei ousted in no confidence challenge". Radio New Zealand International. 2 December 2010. Retrieved 2 December 2010.
17. Cabinet of Vanuatu Archived 9 March 2013 at the Wayback Machine, CIA, 20 December 2010
18. "New look Vanuatu government sworn in". Radio New Zealand International. 25 April 2011. Retrieved 25 October 2011.
19. "Vanuatu Court decision results in change of government", ABC Radio Australia, 13 May 2011
20. "Vanuatu Court rules Kilman election void, reinstates Natapei as interim PM". Radio New Zealand International. 16 June 2011. Retrieved 25 October 2011.
21. "Vanuatu's new PM reinstates cabinet". Radio New Zealand International. 27 June 2011. Retrieved 25 October 2011.
22. "Opposition 28, Government 21", Vanuatu Daily Post, 21 March 2013 Archived 23 March 2013 at the Wayback Machine
23. "Vanuatu MPs select Greens’ leader as new prime minister", Radio New Zealand International, 23 March 2013
24. "Tahitian-born Moana Carcasses Kalosil has been elected to Vanuatu's top post, ending a tumultuous few days of politics.", AAP, 24 March 2013 Archived 25 March 2013 at the Wayback Machine
25. "Nation's interest first: Carcasses" Archived 29 March 2013 at the Wayback Machine, Vanuatu Daily Post, 26 March 2013
26. "Prime Minister Carcasses’ dilemma at the helm", Vanuatu Daily Post, 28 March 2013
27. "Watchdog applauds clean-out of Vanuatu’s diplomatic sector", Radio New Zealand International, 13 June 2013
28. "Vanuatu deputy PM, 13 other MPs guilty of bribery". ABC News. 9 October 2015. Retrieved 29 August 2019.
29. Marango, Thompson. "Carcasses cautioned". Vanuatu Daily Post. Retrieved 29 August 2019.
30. "Vanuatu ombudsman bribery report ruled null and void". RNZ. 8 October 2015. Retrieved 29 August 2019.
31. "Public Prosecutor v Kalosil - Judgment as to verdict [2015] VUSC 135; Criminal Case 73 of 2015 (9 October 2015)". Retrieved 29 August 2019.
32. "Vanuatu ministers removed from cabinet following arrests". RNZ. 16 October 2015. Retrieved 29 August 2019.
33. "Calls for Vanuatu PM to step down in wake of MPs' jailing". RNZ. 23 October 2015. Retrieved 29 August 2019.
34. "Interpreter | The Interpreter". Lowyinterpreter.org. 23 August 2019. Retrieved 29 August 2019.

Political offices
Preceded by Sato Kilman	Prime Minister of Vanuatu 2013–2014	Succeeded by Joe Natuman