Matthew 3:10

Matthew 3:10 is the tenth verse of the third chapter of the Gospel of Matthew in the New Testament. The verse occurs in where John the Baptist is berating the Pharisees and Sadducees. He has previously called them a brood of vipers and warned them of the wrath to come and has urged them to repent. This verse returns to the fruit metaphor of Matthew 3:8 adding a promise of eventual punishment.

Matthew 3:10
← 3:9
3:11 →
BookGospel of Matthew
Christian Bible partNew Testament

Content

In the King James Version of the Bible the text reads:

And now also the axe is laid
unto the root of the trees:
therefore every tree which
bringeth not forth good fruit is
hewn down, and cast into the fire.

The World English Bible translates the passage as:

"Even now the axe lies at the
root of the trees. Therefore,
every tree that doesn't bring
forth good fruit is cut down,
and cast into the fire.

For a collection of other versions see BibleHub Matthew 3:10.

Analysis

In Matthew 3:8 John tells the Pharisees and Sadducees that they must manifest the fruit of repentance if they are to avoid the wrath of God. This verse threatens that every tree that does not bear fruit will be destroyed, i.e. that people who do not repent will face divine punishment. As in Matthew 3:2 this punishment is said to be in the very near future.

The imagery is of God as a lumberjack cutting down trees and then burning them. Specifically it refers to an axe being placed at the base of a tree just above the roots, which would be the final action before beginning to chop down the tree.[1]

Similar imagery is used in Isaiah 10:34 and in Jeremiah 46:22, which France, R.T. feels may be the inspiration for this verse. He also notes that in Aramaic the word for root is ikkar while the word for cut down is kar thus this verse may be another example of wordplay.[2]

This verse is almost identical to Luke 3:9, but is not found anywhere in Mark. Thus supporters of the two-source hypothesis feel that it was likely part of Q, as with the preceding verses.[3]

Textual witnesses

Some early manuscripts containing the text of this verse are:

gollark: I wouldn't trust their random installer. It is probably installing root certificates so they can spy on all your traffic.
gollark: I've got a Wileyfox Swift 2 (because it was cheap & has reasonably available custom ROMs), with a 5" screen. As it turns out, it is quite hard to use it one handed, as phone keyboards are evil.
gollark: What even?
gollark: I may be the only person who kind of likes SQL.
gollark: This is Haskell.

References
  1. Nolland, John. The Gospel of Matthew: a commentary on the Greek text. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, 2005 pg. 145
  2. France, R.T. The Gospel According to Matthew: an Introduction and Commentary. Leicester: Inter-Varsity, 1985.
  3. Albright, W.F. and C.S. Mann. "Matthew." The Anchor Bible Series. New York: Doubleday & Company, 1971.
  4. Thomas, J. David. The Oxyrhynchus Papyri LXIV (London: 1997), pp. 2–4.
  5. "Liste Handschriften". Münster: Institute for New Testament Textual Research. Retrieved 27 August 2011.
Preceded by
Matthew 3:9		 Gospel of Matthew
Chapter 3		 Succeeded by
Matthew 3:11
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