Matthew 28:19

Matthew 28:19 is the nineteenth verse of the twenty-eighth chapter of the Gospel of Matthew in the New Testament. This verse is part of the Great Commission narrative, containing the command to go, teach and baptize new disciples with the trinitarian formula.[1]

Matthew 28:19
← 28:18
28:20 →
"Go and teach all nations": biblical illustration by Jim Padgett (1930–2009).
BookGospel of Matthew
Christian Bible partNew Testament

Content

The original Koine Greek, according to Westcott and Hort/[NA27 and UBS4 variants], reads:[2]

19: πορευθέντες οὖν μαθητεύσατε πάντα τὰ ἔθνη, βαπτίζοντες αὐτοὺς εἰς τὸ ὄνομα τοῦ πατρὸς καὶ τοῦ υἱοῦ καὶ τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος,

In the King James Version of the Bible it is translated as:

19: Go ye therefore, and teach all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost:

The modern World English Bible translates the passage as:

19: Go, and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit,

For a collection of other versions see BibleHub Matthew 28:19

Analysis
Go ye therefore and teach all nations. Stained glass window in St Matthew's Church, Carr Bottom Road, Bankfoot, Bradford, West Yorkshire, England.

The word "all" (Ancient Greek: πάντα, panta) are found multiple times in the verses 18–20, tying them together: all power/authority, all nations, all things ("that I have commanded you") and all the days ("always").[3] "All nations" comprises 'non-Jews as well as Jews'.[4]

Dale Allison notes a persistent correlation of the Great Commission narrative (verses 16–20) with Moses, starting with "the mountain", as 'Moses ended his earthly course on a mountain'; the commissioning of Joshua by God through Moses; and the close parallels in Deuteronomy 31:14–15, 23; and Joshua 1:1–9, which are 'all about God'.[5] In Joshua 1:2, Joshua was commanded to 'go' (cf. Matthew 28:19) and cross the Jordan river, whereas in Joshua 1:7 Joshua was to 'act in accordance with all the law that my servant Moses commanded you', then in Joshua 1:9 (the pericope's conclusion) God promises his presence: 'for the Lord your God is with you wherever you go'.[5] The undeniable strong presence of a Moses typology in the Gospel Matthew rises up suggestions that this passage, like the commissioning stories in 1 Chronicles 22:1–16 and Jeremiah 1:1–10, 'deliberately borrows from the traditions about Moses'.[5] Just as Moses, at the end of his life on earth, commissioned Joshua to 'go into the land peopled by foreign nations' and 'to observe all the commandments in the law', then further promised 'God's abiding presence', so similarly is Jesus at the end of his earthly ministry commands his disciples 'to go into all nations' (the world) and 'to teach the observance of all the commandments' of the "new Moses", and then further promises 'his continual assisting presence'.[5]

The word "therefore" ties Jesus' universal authority (verse 18) to the words of the commission: because Jesus now has this authority, therefore he sent his disciples to go spreading his rule over all nations by making more disciples;[3][6] the disciples can go in confidence that their Lord/Master is 'in sovereign control of "everything in heaven and on earth"' (cf. Romans 8:28).[3]

The phrase "in the name of" denotes 'to whom allegiance is pledged in baptism', which is tied to the unique trinitarian formula: "the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Ghost/Holy Spirit".[1] This refers to the close association of the Son with the Father has been revealed in Matthew 11:27; Matthew 24:36, whereas 'all three persons' in the "Trinity" were involved in the baptism of Jesus (Matthew 3:16-17).[1]

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See also

References
  1. France 1994, p. 945.
  2. Greek Text Analysis: Matthew 28:19. Biblehub
  3. Carson, D. A. (2017). Matthew. The Expositor's Bible Commentary. Contributors: Tremper Longman III, David E. Garland (revised ed.). 2. The Great Commission (28:18–20): Zondervan Academic. ISBN 9780310531982.CS1 maint: location (link)
  4. Coogan 2007, p. 55 New Testament.
  5. Allison, Jr., Dale C. (2007). "57. Matthew". In Barton, John; Muddiman, John (eds.). The Oxford Bible Commentary (first (paperback) ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 885. ISBN 978-0199277186. Retrieved February 6, 2019.
  6. France 1994, p. 944.

Sources
Preceded by
Matthew 28:18		 Gospel of Matthew
Chapter 28		 Succeeded by
Matthew 28:20
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