Manjul Bhargava

Manjul Bhargava FRS (born 8 August 1974)[2] is a Canadian-American mathematician. He is the Brandon Fradd, Class of 1983, Professor of Mathematics at Princeton University, the Stieltjes Professor of Number Theory[3] at Leiden University, and also holds Adjunct Professorships at the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, the Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, and the University of Hyderabad. He is known primarily for his contributions to number theory.

Manjul Bhargava

FRS
Manjul Bhargava in 2014
Born (1974-08-08) 8 August 1974
Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
NationalityCanada
United States
EducationHarvard University (AB)
Princeton University (PhD)
Known forBhargava cube
Bhargava factorial
15 and 290 theorems
average rank of elliptic curves
AwardsFellow of the Royal Society (2019)
Padma Bhushan (2015)
Fields Medal (2014)
Infosys Prize (2012)
Fermat Prize (2011)
Cole Prize (2008)
Clay Research Award (2005)
SASTRA Ramanujan Prize (2005)
Blumenthal Award (2005)
Hasse Prize (2003)
Morgan Prize (1996)
Hoopes Prize (1996)
Hertz Fellowship (1996)
Scientific career
InstitutionsPrinceton University
Leiden University
University of Hyderabad
Doctoral advisorAndrew Wiles[1]
Doctoral studentsAlison Miller
Melanie Wood
Evan O'Dorney
Websitewww.math.princeton.edu/people/manjul-bhargava

Bhargava was awarded the Fields Medal in 2014. According to the International Mathematical Union citation, he was awarded the prize "for developing powerful new methods in the geometry of numbers, which he applied to count rings of small rank and to bound the average rank of elliptic curves".[4]

Education and career

Bhargava was born in an Indian family in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, but grew up and attended school primarily in Long Island, New York. His mother Mira Bhargava, a mathematician at Hofstra University, was his first mathematics teacher.[5][6] He completed all of his high school math and computer science courses by age 14.[7] He attended Plainedge High School in North Massapequa, and graduated in 1992 as the class valedictorian. He obtained his B.A. from Harvard University in 1996. For his research as an undergraduate, he was awarded the 1996 Morgan Prize. Bhargava went on to pursue graduate studies at Princeton University, where he completed a doctoral dissertation titled "Higher composition laws" under the supervision of Andrew Wiles and received his Ph.D. in 2001, with the support of a Hertz Fellowship.[8] He was a visiting scholar at the Institute for Advanced Study in 2001–02,[9] and at Harvard University in 2002–03. Princeton appointed him as a tenured Full Professor in 2003. He was appointed to the Stieltjes Chair in Leiden University in 2010.

Bhargava is also an accomplished tabla player, having studied under gurus such as Zakir Hussain.[10] He also studied Sanskrit from his grandfather Purushottam Lal Bhargava, a well-known scholar of Sanskrit and ancient Indian history.[11][12] He is an admirer of Sanskrit poetry.[13]

Career and research

His PhD thesis generalized Gauss's classical law for composition of binary quadratic forms to many other situations. One major use of his results is the parametrization of quartic and quintic orders in number fields, thus allowing the study of asymptotic behavior of arithmetic properties of these orders and fields.

His research also includes fundamental contributions to the representation theory of quadratic forms, to interpolation problems and p-adic analysis, to the study of ideal class groups of algebraic number fields, and to the arithmetic theory of elliptic curves.[14] A short list of his specific mathematical contributions are:

In 2015 Manjul Bhargava and Arul Shankar proved the Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture for a positive proportion of elliptic curves.[15]

Awards and honours
Four Fields medallists left to right (Artur Avila, Martin Hairer (at back), Maryam Mirzakhani, with Maryam's daughter Anahita) and Bhargava at the ICM 2014 in Seoul

Bhargava has won several awards for his research, the most prestigious being the Fields Medal, the highest award in the field of mathematics, which he won in 2014.

Bhargava was conferred a Fellowship at the Royal Society in 2019.[16]

Bhargava is the third-youngest[17] full professor in Princeton University's history, after Charles Fefferman and John Pardon.

In addition, he won the Morgan Prize[18] and Hertz Fellowship[19] in 1996, a Clay 5-year Research Fellowship, the Merten M. Hasse Prize from the MAA in 2003,[20] the Clay Research Award in 2005, and the Leonard M. and Eleanor B. Blumenthal Award for the Advancement of Research in Pure Mathematics in 2005.

Peter Sarnak of Princeton University has said of Bhargava:[21]

At mathematics he's at the very top end. For a guy so young I can't remember anybody so decorated at his age. He certainly started out with a bang and has not let it get to his head, which is unusual. Of course he couldn't do what he does if he wasn't brilliant. It's his exceptional talent that's so striking

He was named one of Popular Science magazine's "Brilliant 10" in November 2002. He won the $10,000 SASTRA Ramanujan Prize, shared with Kannan Soundararajan, awarded by SASTRA in 2005 at Thanjavur, India, for his outstanding contributions to number theory.

In 2008, Bhargava was awarded the American Mathematical Society's Cole Prize.[22] The citation reads:

Bhargava's original and surprising contribution is the discovery of laws of composition on forms of higher degree. His techniques and insights into this question are dazzling; even in the case considered by Gauss, they lead to a new and clearer presentation of that theory

In 2009, he was awarded the Face of the Future award at the India Abroad Person of the Year ceremony in New York City.[23] In 2014, the same publication, the most prestigious and most widely read of the diaspora publications, gave him a second prize, India Abroad Publisher's Prize for Special Excellence.[24]

In 2011, he was awarded the Fermat Prize for "various generalizations of the Davenport-Heilbronn estimates and for his startling recent results (with Arul Shankar) on the average rank of elliptic curves".[25]

In 2011, he delivered the Hedrick lectures of the MAA in Lexington, Kentucky.[26] He was also the 2011 Simons Lecturer at MIT.[27]

In 2012, Bhargava was named an inaugural recipient of the Simons Investigator Award,[28] and became a fellow of the American Mathematical Society in its inaugural class of fellows.[29]

He was awarded the 2012 Infosys Prize in mathematics for his "extraordinarily original work in algebraic number theory, which has revolutionized the way in which number fields and elliptic curves are counted".[30]

In 2013, he was elected to the National Academy of Sciences.[31]

In 2014, Bhargava was awarded the Fields Medal at the International Congress of Mathematicians in Seoul[12] for "developing powerful new methods in the geometry of numbers, which he applied to count rings of small rank and to bound the average rank of elliptic curves".[32]

In 2015, he was awarded the Padma Bhushan, the third-highest civilian award of India.[33]

In 2017, Bhargava was elected as a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.[34]

In 2018 Bhargava was named as the inaugural occupant of The Distinguished Chair for the Public Dissemination of Mathematics at The National Museum of Mathematics (MoMath). This is the first visiting professorship in the United States dedicated exclusively to raising public awareness of mathematics.[35]

Selected publications
  • Bhargava, Manjul (2000). "The Factorial Function and Generalizations" (PDF). The American Mathematical Monthly. 107 (9): 783–799. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.585.2265. doi:10.2307/2695734. JSTOR 2695734.
  • Bhargava, Manjul (2004). "Higher Composition Laws I: A New View on Gauss Composition, and Quadratic Generalizations" (PDF). The Annals of Mathematics. 159: 217–250. doi:10.4007/annals.2004.159.217.
  • Bhargava, Manjul (2004). "Higher Composition Laws II: On Cubic Analogues of Gauss Composition" (PDF). The Annals of Mathematics. 159 (2): 865–886. doi:10.4007/annals.2004.159.865.
  • Bhargava, Manjul (2004). "Higher Composition Laws III: The Parametrization of Quartic Rings" (PDF). The Annals of Mathematics. 159 (3): 1329–1360. doi:10.4007/annals.2004.159.1329.
  • Bhargava, Manjul (2005). "The density of discriminants of quartic rings and fields" (PDF). The Annals of Mathematics. 162 (2): 1031–1063. doi:10.4007/annals.2005.162.1031.
  • Bhargava, Manjul (2008). "Higher composition laws IV: The parametrization of quintic rings" (PDF). The Annals of Mathematics. 167: 53–94. doi:10.4007/annals.2008.167.53.
  • Bhargava, Manjul (2010). "The density of discriminants of quintic rings and fields" (PDF). The Annals of Mathematics. 172 (3): 1559–1591. arXiv:1005.5578. Bibcode:2010arXiv1005.5578B. doi:10.4007/annals.2010.172.1559.
  • Bhargava, Manjul; Satriano, Matthew (2014). "On a notion of "Galois closure" for extensions of rings". Journal of the European Mathematical Society. 16 (9): 1881–1913. arXiv:1006.2562. doi:10.4171/JEMS/478. MR 3273311.
  • Bhargava, Manjul; Shankar, Arul (2015). "Binary quartic forms having bounded invariants, and the boundedness of the average rank of elliptic curves". Annals of Mathematics. 181 (1): 191–242. arXiv:1006.1002. doi:10.4007/annals.2015.181.1.3. MR 3272925.
  • Bhargava, Manjul; Shankar, Arul (2015). "Ternary cubic forms having bounded invariants, and the existence of a positive proportion of elliptic curves having rank 0". Annals of Mathematics. 181 (2): 587–621. arXiv:1007.0052. doi:10.4007/annals.2015.181.2.4.
gollark: Well, you should probably not spend too much on fancier cables when you could spend that on better components.
gollark: Ah, not too bad then.
gollark: Also that reminds me, I need to remanage my cables.
gollark: That is a significant and useless expenditure.
gollark: But why?

References
  1. Manjul Bhargava at the Mathematics Genealogy Project
  2. Gallian, Joseph A. (2009). Contemporary Abstract Algebra(((((Vaishali))))). Belmont, CA: Cengage Learning. p. 571. ISBN 978-0-547-16509-7.
  3. "Fields Medal for Leiden Professor of Number Theory Manjul Bhargava" (Press release). 13 August 2014. Retrieved 13 August 2014.
  4. "List of all 2014 awardees with brief citations" (Press release). International Mathematical Union. Retrieved 12 August 2014.
  5. "At Play in the Fields of Math". Retrieved 29 September 2016.
  6. "Fareed Zakaria is India Abroad Person of the Year — Rediff.com India News". News.rediff.com. 21 March 2009. Retrieved 14 August 2014.
  7. "India Abroad — Archives 2003-2008". Indiaabroad-digital.com. 30 December 2009. Retrieved 14 August 2014.
  8. Bhargava, Manjul (2001). Higher composition laws.
  9. "Institute for Advanced Study: A Community of Scholars". Ias.edu. Retrieved 14 August 2014.
  10. "Bhargava strikes balance among many interests". Princeton.edu. 8 December 2003. Retrieved 14 August 2014.
  11. An International Conference in Honor of the 100th Birth Anniversary of Professor P. L. Bhargava
  12. "Fields Medal Winner Bhargava". Business Insider. Retrieved 14 August 2014.
  13. Dasgupta, Sucheta (18 August 2014). "Interest at home, among NRIs resurrects Sanskrit". Times of India. Retrieved 18 August 2014.
  14. "Fellows and Scholars | Clay Mathematics Institute". Claymath.org. Retrieved 14 August 2014.
  15. Bhargava, Manjul; Shankar, Arul (2015). "Ternary cubic forms having bounded invariants, and the existence of a positive proportion of elliptic curves having rank 0". Annals of Mathematics. 181 (2): 587–621. arXiv:1007.0052. doi:10.4007/annals.2015.181.2.4.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  16. "Distinguished scientists elected as Fellows and Foreign Members of the Royal Society".
  17. "Meet Manjul Bhargava: The Fields Medal winner for mathematics, who is also a musician". The Economic Times. 14 August 2014. Retrieved 3 April 2017.
  18. "1996 AMS-MAA-SIAM Morgan Prize" (PDF). Retrieved 14 August 2014.
  19. "Hertz Foundation Fellows: Rare individuals elevate and inspire us through bold thinking and leadership". Retrieved 9 September 2015.
  20. "About the MAA". Maa.org. Retrieved 14 August 2014.
  21. Bhargava GS '98 awarded Clay Research prize Archived 14 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine
  22. "2008 Cole Prize in Number Theory" (PDF). Retrieved 14 August 2014.
  23. Rajesh Karkera (22 March 2009), The India Abroad Face of the Future Award - Manjul Bhargava, retrieved 17 July 2018
  24. Rajesh Karkera (13 June 2015), The India Abroad Publisher's Special Award for Excellence 2014: Manjul Bhargava, retrieved 17 July 2018
  25. Fermat Prize 2011 Archived 3 November 2011 at the Wayback Machine
  26. "Earle Raymond Hedrick Lecturers". Maa.org. Retrieved 14 August 2014.
  27. "MIT Mathematics | Simons". Math.mit.edu. Archived from the original on 3 February 2014. Retrieved 14 August 2014.
  28. "Simons Investigator Award Recipients in Math, Physics, and Computer Science Announced". Foundationcenter.org. 24 July 2012. Retrieved 14 August 2014.
  29. List of Fellows of the American Mathematical Society, retrieved 2012-11-10.
  30. "Subrahmanyam, Chaudhuri get Infosys Prize". The Hindu. Bangalore. 24 November 2012. Retrieved 24 November 2012.
  31. "Professor Manjul Bhargava Has Been Elected to National Academy of Sciences". Math.princeton.edu. Archived from the original on 23 October 2014. Retrieved 14 August 2014.
  32. "List of all 2014 awardees with brief citations". mathunion.org. Retrieved 24 August 2014.
  33. "This Year's Padma Awards announced". Ministry of Home Affairs. 25 January 2015. Archived from the original on 26 January 2015. Retrieved 2 February 2015.
  34. "Manjul Bhargava". American Academy of Arts & Sciences. Retrieved 13 May 2020.
  35. MoMath Announces First Distinguished Chair for the Public Dissemination of Mathematics The National Museum of Mathematics, August 2, 2018
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