Maay Maay

Mai-Mai commonly spelled Maay Maay (also known as Af-Maay, Af-Maymay, or simply Maay. The Mai-Mai spelling is rarely used but it is most often spoken.) Mai-Mai is part of the Somali language of the Cushitic branch of the Afro-Asiatic family. It is mainly spoken in Somalia and adjacent parts of Ethiopia and Kenya. In Somalia, it is widely spoken in South West state, Jubaland state and Banadir. Scholars debate whether Af-Maay is a Somali language on its own, or is one of the two main dialects that form the Somali language.

Mai-Mai
Af- Mai-Mai
Native toSomalia; significant communities in Ethiopia, Kenya, North America, and Yemen.
Native speakers
3.9 million in Somalia (2016)[1]
Maay alphabet
(Latin script)
Official status
Official language in
Somalia
Language codes
ISO 639-3ymm
Glottologmaay1238[2]

Overview

Somali linguistic varieties are divided into three main groups: Northern, Benadir, and Maay. Northern Somali (or Northern-Central Somali) forms the basis for Standard Somali.[3]

Maay is principally spoken by the Digil and Mirifle (Rahanweyn) clans in the southern regions of Somalia, particularly in South West.[3] Its speech area extends from the southwestern border with Ethiopia to a region close to the coastal strip between Mogadishu and Kismayo, including the city of Baidoa.[4] Maay is not mutually comprehensible with Northern Somali or Benadir, and it differs considerably in sentence structure and phonology.[5] It is also not generally used in education or media. However, Maay speakers often use Standard Somali as a lingua franca.[4] It is learned via mass communications, internal migration, and urbanisation.[5]

Grammar

Phonology

Consonants

Bilabial Labio-
dental
Dental Alveolar Palato-
alveolar
Palatal Velar Glottal
Stop voiceless p t k ʔ
voiced b d ɡ
implosive ɗ ʼj ɠ
Affricate
Fricative β f ð s ʃ [ɣ] h
Nasal m n ɲ [ŋ]
Rhotic r
Lateral l
Approximant w j

A nasal consonant preceding a /n/ sound will always be realized as a [ŋ] sound. A [ɣ] sound is an intervocalic allophone of /ɡ/.[6]

Vowels

Front Central Back
Close i iː u uː
Mid e eː o oː
Open a aː

Maay Maay exhibits significant amounts of epenthesis, inserting central or high-central vowels to break up consonant clusters. Vowel length is contrastive; minimal pairs such as bur 'flour' and buur 'mountain' are attested.

Words

Maay Maay is fairly agglutinative. It has complex verb forms, inflecting at least for tense/aspect and person/number of both subject and object. There is also a prefix indicating negation. In addition, verbs exhibit derivational morphology, including a causative and an applicative. Nominal morphology includes a definiteness suffix, whose form depends on the gender of the head noun, and possessive suffixes.

Sentences

Maay Maay exhibits SVO and SOV word orders, apparently in fairly free variation. When the object is postverbal, the prefix maay appears on the verb. Within the noun phrase, the head noun is generally initial. Possessors, adjectives and some strong quantifiers follow the head noun. Numerals and the indefinite quantifier precede the head noun.

gollark: I have a copy of BoringSSL somewhere for very arbitrary reasons so I am `cloc`ing it now.
gollark: In ways better ones are designed to stop, even.
gollark: You have to be somewhat bad at using database libraries to introduce SQL injection.
gollark: Cryptography code is probably a valid usecase for unsafe things, as long as there isn't much and you validate it extensively.
gollark: I vaguely remember reading that 70% of bugs in Chromium and Microsoft things were memory errors, although they probably have to be more performance-sensitive than random applications software so this might be unfair.

References

  1. Mai-Mai at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
  2. Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Maay". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
  3. Dalby (1998:571)
  4. Saeed, John (1999). Somali. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. p. 4. ISBN 1-55619-224-X.
  5. "Maay - A language of Somalia". Ethnologue. Retrieved 7 May 2013.
  6. Paster, Mary (2006). Aspects of Maay phonology and morphology. Pomona College.
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