Ma Buqing

Ma Buqing (1901–1977) (simplified Chinese: 马步青; traditional Chinese: 馬步青; pinyin: Mǎ Bùqīng; Wade–Giles: Ma Pu-ch’ing, Xiao'erjing: ﻣَﺎ ﺑُﻮْ شٍ‎) was a prominent Ma clique warlord in China during the Republic of China era, controlling armies in the province of Qinghai.

Ma Buqing
Ma Buqing sitting down on the right with his brother Ma Bufang on the left
Reclamation Commissioner Qinghai Province
In office
1942–1943
Personal details
Born1901
Linxia County, Gansu
Died9 February 1977(1977-02-09) (aged 75–76)
Taipei, Taiwan
NationalityHui
Political partyKuomintang
ChildrenMa Xuyuan, Ma Weiguo
Military service
Allegiance China
Years of service1928–1949
Rankgeneral
CommandsReclamation Commissioner Qinghai Province, Deputy Commander in Chief 40th Army Group
Battles/warsLong March, Second Sino-Japanese War, Chinese Civil War
This is a Chinese name; the family name is Ma.

Life

Ma Buqing and his younger brother Ma Bufang (1903–1975) were born in Monigou Township (漠泥沟乡)[1] in what is today Linxia County, some 35 kilometres (22 mi) west of Linxia City. Their father Ma Qi formed the Ninghai Army in Qinghai in 1915, and received civilian and military posts from the Beiyang Government in Beijing in that same year confirming his military and civilian authority in Qinghai.

Ma Buqing received a Confucian Classical Chinese education, while his brother Ma Bufang received education in Islam to become an Imam.[2]

Chiang Kai-shek (right) meets with the Muslim Generals Ma Bufang (second from left), and Ma Buqing (first from left) at Xining in August 1942.
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Ma Buqing sided with Feng Yuxiang's Guominjun until the Central Plains War, when he switched to the winning side of Chiang Kai-shek. Ma Qi died in 1931 and his power was assumed by his brother Ma Lin, who was appointed governor of Qinghai.

Ma Buqing watched Chinese Opera, and met the later American Professor John DeFrancis during an opera performance.[3]

His troops defeated the CCP during the Long March in 1936.[4][5]

Ma Buqing and Ma Bufang discussed battle plans against the Japanese over the telephone with Chiang Kai-shek.[6] Ma Buqing's Hexi 5th Army entered the war against the Japanese.[7] In 1940 at the Battle of Wuyuan, Ma Buqing led the 5th Cavalry Corps against the Japanese. The Japanese were defeated by the Chinese Muslim cavalry and Wuyuan was retaken from the Japanese.

Ma Buqing was in virtual control of the Gansu corridor at this time.[8][9]

In 1942 Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek, head of the Chinese government personally went on tour in Northwestern China in Xinjiang, Gansu, Ningxia, Shaanxi, and Qinghai, where he met both Ma Buqing and Ma Bufang. Ma Buqing's troops were involved in road construction, for the movement of war supplies to Chinese forces fighting against Japan, having built a route to Russia and was planning another route via Tibet.[10]

In July 1942 Chiang Kai-shek instructed Ma Buqing to move 30,000 of his troops to the Tsaidam marsh in the Qaidam Basin of Qinghai.[11][12] Chiang named Ma Reclamation Commissioner, to threaten Sheng Shicai's southern flank in Xinjiang, which bordered Tsaidam. Liangzhou District in Wuwei was previously his headquarters in Gansu, where he controlled 15 million Muslims.[13]

In 1949, Ma Buqing evacuated with his family to Taiwan along with the Kuomintang Republic of China government becoming advisor to the Ministry of Defense.[14] His brother, Ma Bufang, fled to Egypt. Ma Buqing died on 9 February 1977, in Taipei.

A daughter of Ma Buqing married Ma Buqing's nephew Ma Chengxiang who was born in 1914. Ma Chengxiang commanded the 5th cavalry army and joined Ma Buqing on Taiwan.

Ma Buqing's eldest son was Ma Xuyuan (Chinese: 馬緒援; Wade–Giles: Ma Hsü-yüan), and his other son was Ma Weiguo (Chinese: 馬衛國; Wade–Giles: Ma Wei-kuo).[15]

Career
  • 1926 Commanding Officer 55th Independent Brigade, 5th Army
  • Commanding Officer 65th Brigade, 22nd Division
  • Luoyang Garrison Commander
  • 1929–1937: General Officer Commanding 5th Cavalry Division
  • 1937–1942: General Officer Commanding 5th Cavalry Army
  • 1942–1943: Reclamation Commissioner Qinghai Province
  • 1943–1945: Deputy Commander in Chief 40th Army Group
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See also

References
  1. "临夏旅游" (Linxia Tourism), published by Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture Tourist Board, 2003. 146 pages. No ISBN. Pages 68–69.
  2. Dudoignon, Stéphane A.; Komatsu, Hisao; Kosugi, Yasushi (2006). Intellectuals in the modern Islamic world: transmission, transformation, communication. Taylor & Francis. p. 255. ISBN 978-0-415-36835-3. Retrieved 28 June 2010.
  3. DeFrancis, John (1993). In the footsteps of Genghis Khan. University of Hawaii Press. p. 294. ISBN 978-0-8248-1493-9. Retrieved 28 June 2010.
  4. Lily Xiao Hong Lee; Wiles, Sue (1999). Women of the Long March. Allen & Unwin. p. 72. ISBN 978-1-86448-569-1. Retrieved 28 June 2010. ma buqing prisoners temple concubines officers.
  5. Yang, Benjamin (1990). From revolution to politics: Chinese communists on the long march. Westview Press. p. 304. ISBN 978-0-8133-7672-1. Retrieved 28 June 2010.
  6. "还原真实的西北群马之马步芳 骑八师中原抗日 - 历史 - 穆斯林在线(muslimwww)". www.muslimwww.com. Retrieved 14 July 2017.
  7. "8000骑兵战士战死抗日沙场，可歌可泣_周口热点资讯". www.zk.ccoo.cn. Archived from the original on 22 October 2016. Retrieved 14 July 2017.
  8. Asia, Volume 40. Asia Magazine. 1940. Retrieved 28 June 2010.
  9. Dreyer, June Teufel (1976). China's forty millions: minority nationalities and national integration in the People's Republic of China. Harvard University Press. p. 27. ISBN 978-0-674-11964-2. Retrieved 28 June 2010.
  10. "CHINA: He Who Has Reason". TIME. 5 October 1942. Retrieved 11 April 2011.
  11. Lin, Hsiao-Ting (1 March 2009). "War, Leadership and Ethnopolitics: Chiang Kai-shek and China's frontiers, 1941–1945". Journal of Contemporary China. 18 (59): 201–217. doi:10.1080/10670560802575960.
  12. Nationalists, Muslim Warlords, and the "Great Northwestern Development" in Pre-Communist China
  13. Forman, Harrison (19 July 1942). "MOSLEM WAR LORD ISOLATED BY CHINA; Ma Pu-ching Sent to Swamps of Tibet With the Title of Reclamation Commissioner MEMBER OF A NOTED CLAN Vital Route to Russia Passes Through Area With 15,000,000 Believers in the Koran". The New York Times.
  14. Lipman, Jonathan N. (July 1984). "Ethnicity and Politics in Republican China: The Ma Family Warlords of Gansu". Modern China. Sage Publications, Inc. 10: 313. JSTOR 189017.
  15. "甘、寧、青三馬家族世系簡表" (PDF). Retrieved 14 July 2017.

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