Mushir

Mushir (Arabic: مشير‎) is an Arab word meaning "counsellor" or "advisor". It is related to the word shura, meaning consultation or "taking counsel".

Military ranks of Egypt
Turco-Egyptian
ranks (until 1958)		 Modern
Egyptian ranks		 Western
equivalents
Officers
Mushir
مشير		 General of the army/
Field Marshal
Sirdar
سردار		 Fariq awwal
فريق أول		 Colonel General
Fariq
فريق		 Lieutenant General
Liwa
لواء		 Major General
Amiralay
أمير آلاي		 Amid
عميد		 Brigadier
Qaimaqam
قائم مقام		 Aqid
عقيد		 Colonel
Bimbashi
بكباشي		 Muqaddam
مقدم		 Lieutenant Colonel
Sagh
صاغ		 Raid
رائد		 Major
Yuzbashi
يوزباشي		 Naqib
نقيب		 Captain
Mulazim awwal
ملازم أول		 First Lieutenant
Mulazim thani
ملازم ثاني		 Mulazim
ملازم		 Second Lieutenant
Non-commissioned officers
Shawish
شاويش		 Raqib
رقيب		 Sergeant
Ombashi
أومباشي		 Arif
عريف		 Corporal
Soldiers
Askari
عسكري		 Jundi
جندي		 Private

As an official title, it historically indicates a personal advisor to the ruler. In this use it is roughly comparable to the European titles of State Counsellor and counsellor of state.

In a military context, mushir became associated with the idea of the ruler's personal counsellor or advisor on military matters, and as such became the highest rank in Arab countries and the Ottoman Empire. It is used as the highest rank in most armed forces of the Middle East and North Africa, for armies, navies, and air forces. It is therefore equivalent to the ranks of Field Marshal and Admiral of the Fleet.

Iraq

In Iraq under the rule of Saddam Hussein, the Iraqi navy maintained a fleet admiral rank known as Mushir. A Mushir was the most senior of all naval officers and the rank was rarely bestowed. The sleeve insignia was the same as a British Admiral of the Fleet.

The rank of Mushir in Iraq is known as "Muhib" and is used in all official and unofficial addresses. Saddam Hussein as commander-in-chief of the armed forces was an honorary "staff muhib" (مهيب ركن) in the Iraqi army, and the uniform which he typically wore was that of a staff muhib. He was the only muhib in the Iraqi army, for the minister of defence and the chief of staff held the rank of Fariq awal rukun (فريق اول ركن), or "staff general". (Hussein never actually served in the Iraqi Army but commanded as ruler of Iraq.) After Hussein's fall in the 2003 invasion of Iraq, the rank of Mushir became obsolete in the new Iraqi military.

Saudi Arabia

In Saudi Arabia, the rank of Mushir is typically held ceremonially by the Saudi Royal Family, and translated as "First class Field Marshal".

List of Egyptian Field Marshals

Kingdom of Egypt

Republic of Egypt
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See also


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