Hussein Kamel of Egypt

Sultan Hussein Kamel (Arabic: السلطان حسين كامل‎; November 1853 – 9 October 1917) was the Sultan of Egypt from 19 December 1914 to 9 October 1917, during the British protectorate over Egypt. He was the first person to hold the title of Sultan of Egypt since the killing of Sultan Tuman II by the Ottomans in 1517 following their conquest of Egypt.

Hussein Kamel
Hussein Kamel wearing a traditional tarboosh.
Sultan of Egypt and the Sudan
Reign19 December 1914 – 9 October 1917
PredecessorAbbas Hilmi II (Khedive of Egypt)
SuccessorFuad I
Prime MinisterHussein Roshdy Pasha
Born(1853-11-21)21 November 1853
Cairo, Egypt
Died9 October 1917(1917-10-09) (aged 63)
Cairo, Egypt
Burial
Al-Rifa'i Mosque, Cairo, Egypt
SpouseAyn-al-Hayat Rifaat (divorced)
Melek Tourhan
IssuePrince Kamal el Dine Hussein
Princess Kazma Husayn
Princess Kamila Husayn
Prince Ahmed Nazim Bey
Princess Kadria Husayn
Princess Samiha Husayn
Princess Badia Husayn
DynastyMuhammad Ali Dynasty
FatherIsmail Pasha
MotherNur Felek Qadin

Hussein Kamel was the second son of Khedive Ismail Pasha, who ruled Egypt from 1863 to 1879. He was declared Sultan of Egypt on 19 December 1914, after the occupying British forces had deposed his nephew, Khedive Abbas Hilmi II, on 5 November 1914. Though presented as the re-establishment of the pre-Ottoman Egyptian sultanate, the newly created Sultanate of Egypt was to be a British protectorate, with effective political and military power vested in British officials. This brought to an end the de jure Ottoman sovereignty over Egypt, which had been largely nominal since Muhammad Ali's seizure of power in 1805.

Tomb of Sultan Hussien Kamel at the Al-Rifa'i Mosque in Cairo

Upon Hussein Kamel's death, his only son, Prince Kamal al-Din Husayn, declined the succession, and Hussein Kamel's brother Ahmed Fuad ascended the throne as Fuad I. At the beginning of Naguib Mahfouz's novel Palace Walk, Ahmad Abd al-Jawwad says "What a fine man Prince Kamal al-Din Husayn is! Do you know what he did? He refused to ascend the throne of his late father so long as the British are in charge."[1]

Stereoscope photographs of the coronation procession and burial procession of Sultan Hussein are available on the Rare Books and Special Collections Digital Library of the American University in Cairo.

Honours
Domestic
Foreign
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References
  1. Naguib Mahfouz, Palace Walk (Anchor Books, 1991), p. 12

Media related to Hussein Kamel of Egypt at Wikimedia Commons

Stereoscopes of Hussein Kamel's coronation and burial processions

Hussein Kamel of Egypt
Muhammad Ali Dynasty
Born: 21 November 1853 Died: 9 October 1917
Regnal titles
Preceded by
Abbas Hilmi II
as Khedive of Egypt and Sudan		 Sultan of Egypt and the Sudan
19 December 1914 - 9 October 1917		 Succeeded by
Fuad I
Recreated
Title last held by
Tuman Bay II
Political offices
Preceded by
Ali Mubarak Pasha		 Minister of Public Works
26 August 1872 - 7 September 1875		 Succeeded by
Ibrahim Yakan Pasha
Preceded by
Abdel Hamid Sadeq Pasha		 Speaker of the Legislative Council
30 January 1909 - 3 March 1910		 Succeeded by
Mahmoud Fahmi Pasha
Preceded by
Mehmed V
as Ottoman Suzerain		 Head of state of Egypt
19 December 1914 - 9 October 1917		 Succeeded by
Fuad I
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