Londrina

Londrina (Portuguese pronunciation: [lõˈdɾĩnɐ], literally Londoner) is a city located in the north of the state of Paraná, South Region, Brazil, and is 369 km away from the state capital, Curitiba. It is the second largest city in the state and fourth largest in the southern region of the country, with 543,003 inhabitants in the city proper, and 818,300 in the metropolitan area.[1]

Londrina
Municipality
Municipality of Londrina
Londrina in the afternoon
Flag
Seal
Nickname(s): 
Pequena Londres ("Little London") / Capital do Café ("Coffee Capital")
Location in Paraná
Londrina
Location in Brazil.
Coordinates: 23°18′36″S 51°09′46″W
Country Brazil
StateParaná
MesoregionNorte Central Paranaense
MicroregionLondrina
Founded10 December 1934
Government
 • MayorMarcelo Belinati Martins (PP)
Area
 • Total1,650.809 km2 (637 sq mi)
Elevation
610 m (2,000 ft)
Population
 (2019)
 • Total569,733
 • Density350/km2 (890/sq mi)
Demonym(s)Londrinense
Time zoneUTC-3 (BRT)
 • Summer (DST)UTC-2 (BRST)
Postal Code
86000-000
Area code(s)+55 43
WebsiteOfficial website

Londrina was originally explored by British settlers, and then officially established in 1930 by a small group of Italian, Japanese and German settlers. It rapidly became the commercial, political, and cultural centre of the state's northern pioneer zone.[2] Its universities include the Universidade Estadual de Londrina (Londrina State University) and the Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (Federal University of Technology - Paraná).

Demography

The city was named after British entrepreneurs who launched railroad stations in the region to ease the transportation of coffee grains from northern Paraná and southern São Paulo states to the port of Santos. The word Londrina, meaning "Little London", pays homage to the British capital (Londres in Portuguese), since a London cotton company, Paraná Plantations Limited, made the original investment to settle in this area.

Color/Race Percentage
White 74.2%
Pardo (Brown/Mixed race) 18.3%
Asian 3.6%
Black 3.4%
Indian (Native American) 0.3%

Source: Census 2000

Historical population
YearPop.±%
1900 509—    
1910 976+91.7%
1920 1,483+51.9%
1930 27,475+1752.7%
1940 65,889+139.8%
1950 71,321+8.2%
1960 136,401+91.2%
1970 347,544+154.8%
1980 403,005+16.0%
1990 385,580−4.3%
2000 447,065+15.9%
2009 510,707+14.2%
2010 506,645−0.8%
2011 511,278+0.9%
2012 515,707+0.9%
2013 537,566+4.2%
2014 543,003+1.0%

Climate

According to the Köppen-Geiger climate classification system, Londrina has a humid subtropical climate (Cfa) influenced by the Atlantic Forest biome.[3] Average annual precipitation is 1,622.6 mm (63.9 in). Mean average annual temperature is 20.62 °C (69 °F).

Climate data for Londrina (1961–1990)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 37.3
(99.1)		 37.5
(99.5)		 36.7
(98.1)		 34.9
(94.8)		 32.0
(89.6)		 31.0
(87.8)		 31.3
(88.3)		 33.3
(91.9)		 37.6
(99.7)		 36.5
(97.7)		 39.0
(102.2)		 39.3
(102.7)		 39.3
(102.7)
Average high °C (°F) 30.0
(86.0)		 30.1
(86.2)		 29.8
(85.6)		 28.0
(82.4)		 25.1
(77.2)		 23.5
(74.3)		 23.8
(74.8)		 25.8
(78.4)		 26.9
(80.4)		 28.1
(82.6)		 29.4
(84.9)		 29.3
(84.7)		 27.5
(81.5)
Daily mean °C (°F) 23.9
(75.0)		 24.1
(75.4)		 23.4
(74.1)		 21.3
(70.3)		 18.3
(64.9)		 16.7
(62.1)		 16.7
(62.1)		 18.4
(65.1)		 20.0
(68.0)		 21.5
(70.7)		 22.9
(73.2)		 23.4
(74.1)		 20.9
(69.6)
Average low °C (°F) 19.4
(66.9)		 19.5
(67.1)		 18.6
(65.5)		 16.0
(60.8)		 13.1
(55.6)		 11.5
(52.7)		 11.1
(52.0)		 12.4
(54.3)		 14.2
(57.6)		 16.0
(60.8)		 17.4
(63.3)		 18.6
(65.5)		 15.6
(60.1)
Record low °C (°F) 12.0
(53.6)		 13.0
(55.4)		 8.2
(46.8)		 4.8
(40.6)		 0.0
(32.0)		 −2.8
(27.0)		 −0.5
(31.1)		 0.3
(32.5)		 3.0
(37.4)		 7.6
(45.7)		 8.8
(47.8)		 11.3
(52.3)		 −2.8
(27.0)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 235.6
(9.28)		 173.5
(6.83)		 137.4
(5.41)		 107.8
(4.24)		 106.9
(4.21)		 96.5
(3.80)		 69.1
(2.72)		 60.0
(2.36)		 104.3
(4.11)		 177.1
(6.97)		 134.4
(5.29)		 230.3
(9.07)		 1,633
(64.29)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) 14 12 11 7 7 6 5 5 7 10 9 13 106
Average relative humidity (%) 73 76 75 72 74 73 72 67 67 67 69 68 71.1
Mean monthly sunshine hours 193.1 190.0 216.2 229.8 217.4 209.0 232.5 223.7 176.6 183.8 194.5 197.9 2,464.5
Source: INMET[4]

Economy
Reproduction in scale 2:3 of the first Anglican chapel of the city, today on the campus of the Londrina State University.

Agriculture continues to be Londrina's major economic activity, although its importance has diminished in recent years. Agricultural activity was diversified beyond coffee, and today corn, wheat, cotton, horticulture, beans, peanuts, rice, sugar cane, soy bean, and fruit plantations thrive due to the rich Northern Paraná/South Western São Paulo State "terra roxa/vermelha" crimson soil. Although the city has increased its industrial park by adding weaving, textiles and agricultural factories, Londrina's main wealth continues to be agricultural production. Today, Londrina is also known for its commerce and service sectors. Moreover, real estate is another growing sector that has generated jobs and boosted even more the size of this city in Paraná.

It possesses one of the largest universities in the country, the Londrina State University, as well as several private colleges.

The city is served by Londrina – Governador José Richa Airport.

Once a year, the city hosts the largest agricultural fair in Latin America, the Expo Londrina.

Health

Londrina is served by both universal health care system, through the Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) and by many private health care facilities. The municipality has 133 SUS health facilities, such as hospitals, local clinics and nurseries. Despite ample access to healthcare, infant mortality rate are relatively high, with 10.68 deaths per one thousand births as of 2017.

Education
Academical Restaurant of State University of Londrina (UEL).

Portuguese is the official national language, and thus the primary language taught in schools. But English and Spanish are part of the official high school curriculum. As of 2010, the rate of formal schooling is 97.3% between the age of 6 and 14 years old. The basic education system has 65.065 enrolled and the middle/highscool system has 18,140 students as of 2018.

Colleges and universities
  • Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL) - "Londrina State University"
  • Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFPR) - "Federal University of Technology - Paraná"
  • Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUC-PR) - "Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná"
  • Universidade Norte do Paraná (UNOPAR) - "North Paraná University"
  • Centro Universitário Filadéfia (UniFil) - "Filadélfia University Center"
  • Faculdade Pitágoras - "Pitágoras College"
  • Faculdade Arthur Thomas (FAAT) - "Arthur Thomas College"
  • Faculdade Teologica Sul Americana (FTSA) - "South American Theological College"

Metropolitan region of Londrina

Instituted by State Complementary Law 81 on 17 June 1998, the Metropolitan Region of Londrina includes the cities of Londrina, Cambé, Ibiporã, Sertanópolis, Bela Vista do Paraíso, Jataizinho, Rolândia, Tamarana and Arapongas totaling 750 thousand inhabitants.

Religion

The city is the seat of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Londrina. The city is also home to two stakes of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints as well as the headquarter of the Brazil Londrina Mission, which encompasses northern Paraná and parts of São Paulo.

Sports

The city's football clubs include Londrina Esporte Clube, founded in 1956, and the Associação Portuguesa Londrinense founded in 1950. They play at Café stadium, a 45,000 spectator capacity stadium.

Inesul/Londrina, owned by INESUL - Instituto de Ensino Superior de Londrina, a higher education institution, is a city's major basketball club and competes in the Campeonato Brasileiro de Basquete.

Notable people

Twin towns – sister cities
See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Brazil

Londrina is twinned with:[5]

gollark: If someone asks for a thing, it's entirely conversationally relevant to give them it.
gollark: Just ban *unsolicited* invites.
gollark: I disagree, as ever.
gollark: You could list "endorsed" things.
gollark: That's not entirely true. If we force everyone to use a strongly typed language for interaction, we could enforce MANY invariants.

References
  1. http://saladeimprensa.ibge.gov.br/noticias?view=noticia&id=1&busca=1&idnoticia=2704
  2. Londrina　Encyclopædia Britannica、8-22-2013
  3. "Climate: Londrina - Climate graph, Temperature graph, Climate table". Climate-Data.org. Retrieved 2 September 2013.
  4. "NORMAIS CLIMATOLÓGICAS DO BRASIL 1961-1990" (in Portuguese). Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia. Retrieved 5 September 2014.
  5. "Cidades Coirmãs". londrina.pr.gov.br (in Portuguese). Londrina. Retrieved 2020-05-22.


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