Loire-Atlantique

Loire-Atlantique (French pronunciation: ​[lwaʁatlɑ̃tik], Breton: Liger-Atlantel; formerly Loire-Inférieure) is a department in Pays de la Loire on the west coast of France, named after the Loire River and the Atlantic Ocean.

Loire-Atlantique
Department
Prefecture building of the Loire-Atlantique department, in Nantes
Flag
Coat of arms
Location of Loire-Atlantique in France
Coordinates: 47°20′N 1°40′W
CountryFrance
RegionPays de la Loire
PrefectureNantes
SubprefecturesChâteaubriant
Saint-Nazaire
Government
 • President of the General CouncilPatrick Mareschal (PS)
Area
 • Total6,881 km2 (2,657 sq mi)
Population
 (2016)
 • Total1,380,852
 • Rank12th
 • Density200/km2 (520/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)
Department number44
Arrondissements3
Cantons31
Communes207
^1 French Land Register data, which exclude estuaries, and lakes, ponds, and glaciers larger than 1 km2

History
Historical regions of Brittany before 1790

Loire-Atlantique is one of the original 83 departments created during the French Revolution on March 4, 1790. Originally, it was named Loire-Inférieure, but its name was changed in 1957 to Loire-Atlantique.

The area is part of the historical Duchy of Brittany, and contains what many people still consider to be Brittany's capital, Nantes. However, during World War Two, the Vichy Government set up a system of regional prefectures where Loire-Atlantique was excluded from the Region of Brittany and united with neighbouring French departments, under the lead of Angers.

After the war these administrative changes were reimplemented in the 1955 boundary changes intended to optimise the management of the regions. There has since been a series of campaigns reflecting a strong local mood to have the department reintegrated with Brittany.

Geography

Loire-Atlantique is part of the current region of Pays de la Loire and is surrounded by the department of Morbihan, Ille-et-Vilaine, Maine-et-Loire, and Vendée, with the Atlantic on the west.

Demographics

Population development since 1801:

Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
1801369,305—    
1806417,124+2.47%
1821433,815+0.26%
1831457,090+0.52%
1841486,806+0.63%
1851535,664+0.96%
1861580,207+0.80%
1872602,206+0.34%
1881625,625+0.42%
1891645,263+0.31%
1901664,971+0.30%
1911669,920+0.07%
1921649,691−0.31%
1931652,079+0.04%
1936659,428+0.22%
1946665,064+0.09%
1954733,575+1.23%
1962803,372+1.14%
1968861,452+1.17%
1975934,499+1.17%
1982995,498+0.91%
19901,052,183+0.69%
19991,134,493+0.84%
20061,234,085+1.21%
20111,296,364+0.99%
20161,380,852+1.27%
source:[1]

Culture

Upper Brittany's indigenous language is Gallo, a romance language related to French. The number of Gallo language speakers has been in steady decline since the early 20th century. The language is neither official nor taught in primary or secondary education. In the south of the département (Pays de Retz), the local language was Poitevin dialect.

The Breton language, a Celtic language, native to Lower Brittany, was historically spoken in the western area of Loire-Atlantique, and up to 1920 in Batz-sur-Mer. This area (Guérande, Le Croisic, and La Baule) has a rather Breton toponymy: for instance, Guérande originates from the Breton Gwenn Rann (white or pure place).

The folklore and musical traditions of eastern or Upper Brittany are generally similar to those of western or Lower Brittany.

Politics

Current National Assembly Representatives
ConstituencyMember[2]Party
Loire-Atlantique's 1st constituency François de Rugy La République En Marche!
Loire-Atlantique's 2nd constituency Valérie Oppelt La République En Marche!
Loire-Atlantique's 3rd constituency Anne-France Brunet La République En Marche!
Loire-Atlantique's 4th constituency Aude Amadou La République En Marche!
Loire-Atlantique's 5th constituency Sarah El Haïry MoDem
Loire-Atlantique's 6th constituency Yves Daniel La République En Marche!
Loire-Atlantique's 7th constituency Sandrine Josso La République En Marche!
Loire-Atlantique's 8th constituency Audrey Dufeu-Schubert La République En Marche!
Loire-Atlantique's 9th constituency Yannick Haury MoDem
Loire-Atlantique's 10th constituency Sophie Errante La République En Marche!

Transport
TGV and Interloire trains in Le Croisic

The département operates the Lila network of interurban buses, which link its villages, towns and cities. The urban areas of Nantes and Saint-Nazaire operate their own urban transport networks, known as Tan and Stran respectively.

By rail, the regional trains and buses of the TER Pays de la Loire link major towns and cities of the Pays de la Loire and adjoining regions, including those of the département. Nantes is on the TGV network, with high speed trains running to Paris by the LGV Atlantique in just over 2 hours.

Nantes Atlantique Airport, located 8 km to the southwest of the city of Nantes, serves the département and surrounding areas. It is the biggest airport in northwestern France, linking with several French, North African and European cities, as well as Montreal in Canada.

Tourism
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See also

References
  1. Site sur la Population et les Limites Administratives de la France
  2. http://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/
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