List of volcanoes in Iceland

This list of volcanoes in Iceland includes 31[1] active and extinct volcanic mountains, of which 18 have erupted since human settlement of Iceland began circa 900 CE.

List
Name Elevation (m) Elevation (ft) Coordinates Last eruption VEI Notes
Askja 1516497465.03°N 16.75°W / 65.03; -16.75 (Askja)19615
Bárðarbunga 2005651564.64°N 17.56°W / 64.64; -17.56 (Bárðarbunga)2015
Brennisteinsfjöll 626205463.92°N 21.83°W / 63.92; -21.83 (Brennisteinsfjöll)1341 (± 1 year)2
Eldfell 27991563.43°N 20.25°W / 63.43; -20.25 (Eldfell)19733Vestmannaeyjar island of Heimaey
Eldgjá ca 800ca 262564.24°N 18.37°W / 64.24; -18.37 (Eldgjá)9346This volcano is a vent of Katla
Esjufjöll 1760577464.27°N 16.65°W / 64.27; -16.65 (Esjufjöll)1927
Eyjafjallajökull 1666546663.63°N 19.62°W / 63.63; -19.62 (Eyjafjallajökull)20104
Fremrinámur 939308165.43°N 16.65°W / 65.43; -16.65 (Fremrinámur)800 BC (± 300 years)
Grensdalur 497163164.02°N 21.17°W / 64.02; -21.17 (Grensdalur)dormantActive during Pleistocene
Grímsnes 21470264.03°N 20.87°W / 64.03; -20.87 (Grímsnes)~3500 BC3
Grímsvötn 1725565964.42°N 17.33°W / 64.42; -17.33 (Grímsvötn)20114
Hekla 1491489263.98°N 19.70°W / 63.98; -19.70 (Hekla)20003
Helgafell 22774563.43°N 20.26°W / 63.43; -20.26 (Helgafell)3950 BCE (± 300 years)Vestmannaeyjar island of Heimaey
Hengill 803263464.18°N 21.33°W / 64.18; -21.33 (Hengill)90 AD (± 100 years)2
Herðubreið 1682551865.18°N 16.34°W / 65.18; -16.34 (Herðubreið)dormantActive during Pleistocene
Hofsjökull 1782584664.85°N 19.53°W / 64.85; -19.53 (Hofsjökull)dormantActive during Holocene
Holuhraun 778255364.84°N 16.83°W / 64.84; -16.83 (Holuhraun)2015part of the Bárðarbunga fissure system
Hrómundartindur 540177264.07°N 21.20°W / 64.07; -21.20 (Hrómundartindur)10,000 BC
Hverfjall 420137865.36°N 16.53°W / 65.36; -16.53 (Hverfjall)~500 BCpart of the Krafla fissure system
Hveravellir 1360446264.75°N 19.98°W / 64.75; -19.98 (Hveravellir)950 AD ± 50 years6central volcano of the eastern Langjökull system
Jólnir 70*230*63.30°N 20.63°W / 63.30; -20.63 (Jólnir)1966This vent of Surtsey has since eroded to below sea level
Katla 1512496163.63°N 19.05°W / 63.63; -19.05 (Katla))1918
Kerlingarfjöll 1488488264.63°N 19.32°W / 64.63; -19.32 (Kerlingarfjöll)dormantActive during Holocene
Kolbeinsey Ridge 51666.67°N 18.50°W / 66.67; -18.50 (Kolbeinsey)1755[2]
Kollóttadyngja 1177382565.22°N 16.55°W / 65.22; -16.55 (Kollóttadyngja)unknown
Krafla 650213365.73°N 16.78°W / 65.73; -16.78 (Krafla)19844
Krýsuvík 379124363.93°N 22.10°W / 63.93; -22.10 (Krýsuvík)probably ~13402
Krakatindur 30098463.55°N 19.30°W / 63.55; -19.30 (Krakatindur)unknown
Kverkfjöll 1920629964.65°N 16.72°W / 64.65; -16.72 (Kverkfjöll)19681
Laki 1725560664.06°N 18.22°W / 64.06; -18.22 (Laki)1783-846part of Grímsvötn fissure system
Loki-Fögrufjöll 1570515164.48°N 17.80°W / 64.48; -17.80 (Fögrufjöll)1910
Ljósufjöll 988324164.87°N 22.23°W / 64.87; -22.23 (Ljósufjöll)960 AD (± 10 years)3
Lýsuhóll 540+1772+64.87°N 23.25°W / 64.87; -23.25 (Lýsuhóll)dormantActive during Holocene
Öræfajökull 2119695264.00°N 16.65°W / 64.00; -16.65 (Öræfajökull)17275
Prestahnúkur 1386450464.60°N 20.60°W / 64.60; -20.60 (Prestahnúkur)7550 BC (± 500 years)central volcano of western Langjökull system
Reykjanes 23075563.88°N 22.50°W / 63.88; -22.50 (Reykjanes)1879
Reykjaneshryggur -80-26263.67°N 23.33°W / 63.67; -23.33 (Reykjaneshryggur)1970
Snæfellsjökull 1448475164.80°N 23.78°W / 64.80; -23.78 (Snæfellsjökull)200 AD (± 150 years)2
Surtsey 17457163.30°N 20.62°W / 63.30; -20.62 (Surtsey)1963in the Vestmannaeyjar islands
Theistareykjarbunga 564185065.88°N 16.83°W / 65.88; -16.83 (Theistareykjarbunga)750 BC (± 100 years)
Thordarhyrna 64.12°N 17.0°W / 64.12; -17.0 (Thordarhyrna)19104
Þórólfsfell 574188363.72°N 19.67°W / 63.72; -19.67 (Thórólfsfell)unknown
Thrihnukagigur 550 1804 63.99°N 21.7°W / 63.99; -21.7 (Thrihnukagigur) 2 BC
Tindfjallajökull 1463480063.78°N 19.57°W / 63.78; -19.57 (Tindfjallajökull)dormantActive during Holocene
Torfajökull 1259413163.92°N 19.17°W / 63.92; -19.17 (Torfajökull)14773
Trölladyngja 1468481664.89°N 17.25°W / 64.89; -17.25 (Trölladyngja)~2980 BC
Tungnafellsjökull 1535503664.73°N 17.92°W / 64.73; -17.92 (Tungnafellsjökull)dormantActive during Holocene
Vatnafjöll 1235405263.92°N 19.67°W / 63.92; -19.67 (Vatnafjöll)750 AD (± 1000 years)

Volcanic zones and systems
Volcanism in Iceland

Iceland has four major volcanic zones surrounding an hypothetic hotspot: the Reykjanes zone (RVZ), subdivided in the Reykjanes Ridge (RR) (the Mid-Atlantic Ridge South of Iceland) and the Reykjanes Volcanic Belt (RVB) (on the main island); the West Volcanic Zone (WVZ); the East Volcanic Zone (EVZ) (extended to the Westman Islands, South of the main island); and the North Volcanic Zone (NVZ). The Mid-Iceland Belt (MIB) connects them across central Iceland.

In the Iceland's East Volcanic Zone (EVZ), the central volcanoes, Vonarskarð and Hágöngur belong to the same volcanic system; this also applies to Bárðarbunga and Hamarinn, and to Grímsvötn and Þórðarhyrna.[3]

North of Iceland, the Mid-Atlantic Ridge is called Kolbeinsey Ridge (KR) and connected to the North Volcanic Zone via the Tjörnes Fracture Zone (TFZ). Also the South Iceland Seismic Zone (SISZ) is another fracture zone, that connects the East and West Volcanic Zones. Both fracture zones also include their own volcanic systems, smaller than those in the Mid-Iceland Belt.

Beside the hotspot area fragmenting the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, there are also two intraplate volcanic belts: Öræfajökull (ÖVB) on the Eurasian plate, and Snæfellsnes (SVB) on the North American plate.[4][5] It is proposed that the east-west line going from the Grímsvötn volcano in the Mid-Iceland Belt (MIB) to the Snæfellsnes volcanic belt (SVB) shows the movement of the North American Plate over the Iceland hotspot.[6]

# Volcanic zone Volcanic system Name of central volcano
of the volcanic system
1RVZReykjanes/SvartsengiGunnuhver
2RVZKrýsuvíkTrölladyngja (Reykjanesskagi)
3RVZBrennisteinsfjöllvoid
4WVZHengillHengill
5WVZHrómundartindurHrómundartindur
6WVZGrensdalurvoid
7WVZGrímsnesSeyðishólar
8WVZGeysirLaugarfjall
9WVZWestern LangjökullPrestahnúkur
10WVZEastern LangjökullHveravellir
11MIBHofsjökullHofsjökull
12MIBKerlingarfjöllSnækollur
13MIBTungnafellsjökullTungnafellsjökull/Hágöngur
14EVZVestmannaeyjar
(Westman Islands)		void
15EVZEyjafjallajökullEyjafjallajökull
16EVZKatlaKatla
17EVZTindfjallajökullTindfjallajökull
18EVZHekla-VatnafjöllHekla
19EVZTorfajökullTorfajökull
20EVZBárðarbunga-VeiðivötnBárðarbunga/Hamarinn
21EVZGrímsvötnGrímsvötn/Thórdarhyrna
#EVZ(Central volcanoes, as well)(Vonarskard/Hágöngur)[3]
22NVZKverkfjöllAustari Kverkfjöll
23NVZAskjaAskja
24NVZFremrinámurvoid
25NVZKraflaKrafla
26NVZÞeistareykirÞeistareykjabunga
27ÖVBÖræfajökullÖræfajökull
28ÖVBEsjufjöllSnæhetta
29ÖVBSnæfellSnæfell
30SVBLjósufjöllvoid
31SVBLýsuskarðHelgrindur
32SVBSnæfellsjökullSnæfellsjökull
gollark: Be wary of lens-based soul consumption.
gollark: ~~the lens will consume your soul~~
gollark: Have they somehow escaped their monadic prison?
gollark: Monads I know of, but not "free" monads.
gollark: Free... monads...?

See also

References
  1. http://futurevolc.vedur.is/#
  2. "Global Volcanism Program | Kolbeinsey Ridge". Archived from the original on 2018-09-20. Retrieved 2017-12-13.
  3. T. Gudmundsson; Thórdís Högnadóttir (January 2007). "Volcanic systems and calderas in the Vatnajökull region, central Iceland: Constraints on crustal structure from gravity data". Journal of Geodynamics. 43 (1): 153–169. Bibcode:2007JGeo...43..153G. doi:10.1016/j.jog.2006.09.015.
  4. T. Thordarson; G. Larsen (January 2007). "Volcanism in Iceland in historical time: volcano types, eruption styles and eruptive history". Journal of Geodynamics. 43 (1): 118–152. Bibcode:2007JGeo...43..118T. doi:10.1016/j.jog.2006.09.005.
  5. H. Jóhannesson; K. Sæmundsson (1998). Geologic Map of Iceland, 1:500,000. Bedrock Geology. Reykjavík: Icelandic Institute of Natural History and Iceland Geodetic Survey.
  6. W. Jason Morgan; Jason Phipps Morgan. Plate velocities in hotspot reference frame: electronic supplement (PDF). p. 111. Retrieved 2010-04-23.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.