List of tallest clock towers

A list of the tallest structures with clocks on their exterior that can be seen from the ground. The list includes various structures with a working clock face or faces on their exteriors. The first type of structure are proper Clock towers which are structures that fulfil the definition of a tower with a clock face or faces on the exterior wall or walls. Possibly the most famous example is the colloquially termed Big Ben. Some structures of this type were originally built as bell towers and had the clocks added later, such as the Springfield Campanille. Some clock towers of this type are freestanding, such as the Joseph Chamberlain Memorial Clock Tower, while others are attached to, or on top of, buildings such as the tower on the Philadelphia City Hall. The second set of structures are buildings (rather than towers) that had clock faces on the exterior as part of their original design such as the Wrigley Building. The third set of structures are buildings that have had a clock face or faces added after the original building was constructed such as the Palace of Culture and Science. This division of structures with clock faces follows the general terminology used in related articles and follows CTBUH criteria.[1][2][3][4][5][6][7] For the purposes of comparison and clarity this list includes all structures with clocks and clock faces of the types previously described. The list includes all clock 'tower' structures with a height of at least 40 m (130 ft).

bold	Denotes structure is the tallest of its type (as described below) in the world

Denotes freestanding clock tower fulfilling the strict definition

Denotes clock tower fulfilling the strict definition either attached to or on top of another structure

Denotes structure that was designed as multi-functional structure which included clock faces

Denotes structure where the clock faces were not in the original design and added after the completion of the structure

Table terminology

Building	A structure which is at least 50% 'occupiable' and fulfils the CTBUH definition[8]
Tower	A structure which is less than 50% occupiable and fulfils the CTBUH definition[8]
Freestanding Tower	A tower that is not attached to or located on top of another building - a standalone structure. A category used by CTBUH [9]
Tower Building	A tower that is located on top of or attached to another building. A category used by CTBUH [10]

Rank	Name	Image	Height	Number of Faces	Chiming	Year	Type of structure	Main function	Country	City	Remarks	Ref
1	Abraj Al Bait Towers		601 m (1,972 ft)	4	No	2012	Building[11]	Hotel	Saudi Arabia	Mecca	Tallest building with clock faces. The clock faces are the faces highest above the ground on any structure
2	NTT Docomo Yoyogi Building		240 m (790 ft)	4	No	2000 (building) 2002 (clocks added)	Building	Offices	Japan	Tokyo	Clock faces are 15 m (49 ft)	[12]
3	Palace of Culture and Science		230.7 m (757 ft)	4	No	1955 (building) 2000 (clocks added)	Building	Offices (original) Multi-use (current)	Poland	Warsaw	Building constructed in 1955. Clock faces added in 2000.	[13]
4	Met Life Tower		213.4 m (700 ft)	4	No	1912	Building	Offices (original) Offices/Hotel (current)	USA	New York	Clock faces are 8 m (26 ft)	[14]
5	Philadelphia City Hall		167 m (548 ft)	4	No	1901	Tower Building	Offices	USA	Philadelphia	Clock faces are 7.9 m (26 ft)	[10]
6	Mercantile National Bank Building		159.4 m (523 ft)	4	No	1943	Building	Offices (original) Offices/Residential (current)	USA	Dallas	Building completed in 1942. Addition of clock tower 1943	[15][16][17]
7	Custom House Tower		151 m (495 ft)	1	No	1916	Building	Offices (original). Hotel (current)	USA	Boston	Clock faces 6.7 m (22 ft) Due to the installation of an undersized motor, the clock failed to work properly through much of the 20th century	[18]
8	Wrigley Building		133.5 m (438 ft)	1	No	1922	Building	Offices	USA	Chicago	The clock faces are 5.97 m (19.6 ft)	[19]
9	St. Michael's Church tower		132 m (433 ft)	4	Yes	1911	Tower building	Religious	Germany	Hamburg		[20]
9	Cathedral of Our Lady (Antwerp)		123 m (404 ft)	4	Yes	1521 (clocks added in C18	Tower Building	Religious	Belgium	Antwerp	Part of the Belfries of Belgium and France, a UNESCO World Heritage site.	[21][22][23]
10	Central do Brasil		122 m (400 ft)	4	Yes	1943	Building	Railway Station	Brazil	Rio de Janeiro	Clock faces are 20 m (66 ft) tall	[24]
11	Moscow State University		118 m (387 ft)	4	No	1953	Building	Education	Russia	Moscow	University has one central tower (no clock face) and four ancillary towers upon which one clock face and a barometer and thermometer are located. The height given is for the ancillary towers. The main building is 239 m (784 ft). Clock faces are 9 m (30 ft)	[25][26]
12	Milwaukee City Hall		107.6 m (353 ft)	1	Yes	1895	Building	Government	USA	Milwaukee	Clock face is 5.5 m (18 ft)	[27][28]
13	Copenhagen City Hall		105.6 m (346 ft)	4	No	1905	Tower Building	Government	Denmark	Copenhagen	Houses Jens Olsen's World Clock	[29]
14	Minneapolis City Hall		105 m (344 ft)	4	Yes	1906	Tower-Building	Clock Tower/Government	USA	Minneapolis	Largest four face chiming clock in the world. Clock faces are 7.2 m (24 ft).	[30]
15	Lille City Hall Belfry		104 m (341 ft)	4	Yes	1932	Tower Building	Government	France	Lille	Part of the Belfries of Belgium and France, a UNESCO World Heritage site.	[31]
16	Old City Hall		103.6 m (340 ft)	1	No	1899	Tower Building	Clock Tower/Government	Canada	Toronto	Clock face is 6 m (20 ft)	[32]
17	Joseph Chamberlain Memorial Clock Tower		100 m (330 ft)	4	Yes	1908	Freestanding Tower	Clock & bell tower	United Kingdom	Birmingham	Tallest freestanding clock tower in the world. Clock faces are 5.25 m (17.2 ft).	[9]
18	Munich Frauenkirche		98.5 m (323 ft)	3 (each tower)	Yes	1488	Tower Building (Twin Towers)	Religious	Germany	Munich	Domes added in 1524	[33]
19	Royal Liver Building		98.2 m (322 ft)	4	Yes	1911	Building	Offices	United Kingdom	Liverpool	Clocks faces on two towers 7.6 m (25 ft) diameter. Building part of the World Heritage Maritime Mercantile City	[34]
20	Elizabeth Tower		96 m (315 ft)	4	Yes	1859	Tower Building	Clock Tower/Government	United Kingdom	London	Clock faces are 7 m (23 ft). Commonly known as 'Big Ben', although this is the name of the largest chiming bell. Part of the Palace of Westminster UNESCO World Heritage site.	[35]
21	The Tower of Palazzo Vecchio		95 m (312 ft)	1	No	14th C	Tower Building	Government	Italy	Florence		[36]
22	University of Texas Tower		93.6 m (307 ft)	4	No	1937	Building	Education	USA	Austin, Texas		[37]
23	Sather Tower		93.5 m (307 ft)	4	Yes	1914	Freestanding Tower	Bell Tower (original) Clock & Bell Tower (current)	USA	Berkeley	Clock was added in 1926. With the addition of the clock now the second tallest freestanding clock tower in the world	[38]
24	Peace Tower		92.2 m (302 ft)	4	Yes	1920	Tower Building	Museum	Canada	Ottawa	Clock faces are 4.8 m (16 ft). Built to commemorate Canadians who lost their lives in World War I	[39]
25	Brisbane City Hall		92 m (302 ft)	4	Yes	1930	Tower Building	Government	Australia	Brisbane	Clock faces are 4.9 m (16 ft)	[40]
26	Springfield Campanille		91.44 m (300.0 ft)	4	Yes	1913	Freestanding Tower	Bell Tower (original) Clock & Bell Tower (current)	USA	Springfield, Massachusetts	Currently not open to the public. With the addition of the clock now the third tallest freestanding clock tower in the world	[41]
27	Belfry of Ghent		91 m (299 ft)	4	Yes	1543	Tower Building	Clock Tower/Belfry	Belgium	Ghent	Part of the Belfries of Belgium and France, a UNESCO World Heritage site.	[42][43][44]
28	Emerson Tower		88.1 m (289 ft)	4	No	1911	Building	Offices	USA	Baltimore	Clock faces are 7.3 m (24 ft). The largest four dial gravity clock in the world	[45]
29	Belfry of Mons		87 m (285 ft)	4	Yes	1672	Freestanding Tower	Clock & Belfry Tower	Belgium	Mons	4th tallest freestanding clock tower. Part of the Belfries of Belgium and France, a UNESCO World Heritage site.	[46]
30	Central Railway Station		85.6 m (281 ft)	4	No	1921	Tower Building	Railway Station	Australia	Sydney	Clock faces are 4.77 m (15.6 ft)	[47]
30	Rajabai Clock Tower		85.3 m (280 ft)	4	Yes	1878	Freestanding Tower	Clock tower	India	Mumbai	5th tallest freestanding clock tower in the world. A UNESCO World Heritage site	[48]
31	Allen-Bradley Clock Tower		85.3 m (280 ft)	4	Yes	1963	Tower Building	Clock Tower	USA	Milwaukee	Clock faces are 12.25 m (40.2 ft)	[49]
32	Manchester Town Hall		85.3 m (280 ft)	4	Yes	1877	Tower Building	Government	United Kingdom	Manchester	Tallest town hall clock tower in UK. The clock faces are 4.8 m (15.7 ft)	[50][51]
33	Belfry of Bruges		83 m (272 ft)	1	Yes	1822	Tower Building	Government	Belgium	Bruges	6th tallest freestanding clock tower. Part of the Belfries of Belgium and France, a UNESCO World Heritage site.	[52]
34	Vancouver Block		80.7 m (265 ft)	4	No	1912	Building	Commercial	Canada	Vancouver	Clock faces 6.7 m (22 ft). Faces are illuminated at night	[53][54]
34	Helsinki Cathedral		80 m (260 ft)	1	Yes	1852	Building	Religious	Finland	Helsinki	Clock added after building completion	[55]
35	New Town Hall (Munich)		79.25 m (260.0 ft)	4	Yes	1908	Tower Building	Government	Germany	Munich	Houses the Rathaus Glockenspiel which includes 43 bells and 32 animatronic figures	[48]
36	St Pancras railway station		76 m (249 ft)	4	Yes	1868	Tower Building	Railway Station	United Kingdom	London		[56]
37	Calais Town Hall		75 m (246 ft)	4	Yes	1925	Tower Building	Government	France	Calais	Part of the Belfries of Belgium and France, a UNESCO World Heritage site.	[57]
38	Arras Town Hall		75 m (246 ft)	4	Yes	1554	Tower Building	Government	France	Arras	Part of the Belfries of Belgium and France, a UNESCO World Heritage site.. Destroyed in WW1 and rebuilt 1924–1932	[58]
39	Siemensstadt		75 m (246 ft)	4	No	1909	Tower Building	Commercial	Germany	Berlin	Clock faces are 7 m (23 ft)	[59]
40	San Francisco Ferry Building		74.7 m (245 ft)	4	Yes	1898	Building	Ferry Terminal	United States	San Francisco	Clock faces are 6.7 m (22 ft) Clock tower houses a private penthouse residence	[60][61]
41	Waterbury Union Station		74.7 m (245 ft)	4	No	1909	Tower Building	Railway Station	United States	Waterbury		[62]
42	Central Library of Catholic University of Leuven		73.5 m (241 ft)	4	Yes	1928	Tower Building	Education	Belgium	Leuven	Part of the Belfries of Belgium and France, a UNESCO World Heritage site. Rebuilt after WW2	[63]
43	Salt Lake City and County Building		73 m (240 ft)	4	Yes	1894	Tower Building	Government	United States	Salt Lake City		[64][65]
44	Spasskaya Tower		71 m (233 ft)	4	Yes	1851	Tower Building	Clock Tower	Russia	Moscow	The clock faces are 6.12 m (20.1 ft)	[66]
45	Ypres Cloth Hall		70 m (230 ft)	4	Yes	1304 Rebuilt 1933–1967	Tower Building	Commercial (original)	Belgium	Ypres	Belfry originally a watchtower. Clocks added later. Part of the Belfries of Belgium and France, a UNESCO World Heritage site.	[67][68]
46	Charleroi City Hall Belfry		70 m (230 ft)	4	Yes	1936	Tower Building	Government	Belgium	Charleroi	Part of the Belfries of Belgium and France, a UNESCO World Heritage site.	[69]
47	Leeds Town Hall		69 m (226 ft)	4	Yes	1858	Tower Building	Government	United Kingdom	Leeds		[70]
48	Husainabad Clock Tower		67 m (220 ft)	4	No	1881	Free standing tower	Clock tower	India	Lucknow	7th tallest freestanding clock tower. The clock faces are 3.95 m (13.0 ft)	[71]
37	Gare de Lyon		67 m (220 ft)	4	No	1902	Tower building	Railway Station	France	Paris		[72]
49	Limoges-Bénédictins railway station		67 m (220 ft)	4	No	1929	Tower Building	Railway Station	France	Limoges	Clock face is 4 m (13 ft)	[73][74]
50	Oslo City Hall		63 m (207 ft)	1	Yes	1950	Building	Government	Norway	Oslo	Tower with clock on it is known as Oslo Rådhus 2. Clock face is 8.6 m (28 ft). Building hosts the Nobel Peace Prize each year	[75]
51	Messina astronomical clock		61 m (200 ft)	4	Yes	1933 (clock) 1929 (tower)[76]	Tower Building	Clock Tower	Italy	Messina	The clock faces are 2.4 m (7.9 ft)	[77][78]
52	Bolton Town Hall		60.35 m (198.0 ft)	4	Yes	1873	Tower Building	Government	United Kingdom	Bolton	The clock faces are 3.65 m (12.0 ft)	[79]
53	Belfry of Thuin		60 m (200 ft)	4	Yes	1641	Freestanding Tower	Belfry	Belgium	Thuin	13th tallest freestanding clock tower. Part of the Belfries of Belgium and France, a UNESCO World Heritage site.	[80]
54	Shell Mex House		58 m (190 ft)	1	No	1930	Building	Offices	United Kingdom	London	Largest clock face in UK at 7.62 m (25.0 ft)
55	Parkinson Building		57 m (187 ft)	4	Yes	1951	Tower Building	Education	United Kingdom	Leeds		[81]
56	Old Arts Building Clock Tower		54 m (177 ft)	1	No	1926	Tower Building	Education	New Zealand	Auckland		[82]
57	McGraw Tower		52.7 m (173 ft)	4	Yes	1891	Building	Education	United States	Ithaca	Originally constructed as a library. Now houses a museum and the Cornell Chimes	[83]
58	University of Santo Tomas Main Building		51.5 m (169 ft)	4	No	1927	Tower Building	Education	Philippines	Manila		[84]
59	Purdue Bell Tower		48.8 m (160 ft)	4	Yes	1995	Freestanding Tower	Education	United States	West Lafayette, Indiana	8th tallest freestanding clock tower	[85]
60	Helsinki Central Station		48.5 m (159 ft)	4	No	1914	Tower Building	Railway Station	Finland	Helsinki		[86][87]
61	Montreal Clock Tower		45 m (148 ft)	4	No	1922	Freestanding Tower	Clock Tower	Canada	Montreal	9th tallest freestanding clock tower. Clock faces are 3.6 m (12 ft)	[88]
62	Portland Union Station		45 m (148 ft)	4	No	1896	Tower Building	Railway Station	United States	Portland		[89]
63	Aalst Belfry		47 m (154 ft)	4	Yes	1460	Tower Building	Government	Belgium	Aalst	Part of the Belfries of Belgium and France, a UNESCO World Heritage site.	[90]
64	Clock Tower, Hong Kong		44 m (144 ft)	4	No	1915	Freestanding Tower	Railway Station (former)	China	Hong Kong	10th tallest freestanding clock tower. Clock tower formerly part of railway terminus now a freestanding tower	[91]
65	Albert Memorial Clock Tower		43 m (141 ft)	4	Yes	1869	Freestanding Tower	Clock Tower	United Kingdom	Belfast	Height disputed in sources between 43 m (141 ft) and 34.5 m (113 ft)[92] If the greater height 11th tallest freestanding clock tower	[93]
66	Chennai Central railway station		41.5 m (136 ft)	1	No	18??	Tower Building	Railway station	India	Chennai		[94]
67	Sultan Abdul Samad Building		41 m (135 ft)	1	No	1897	Tower Building	Offices	Malaysia	Kuala Lumpur		[95]
68	City Hall and Belfry		40.3 m (132 ft)	4	Yes	1377	Tower Building	Government	Belgium	Dendermonde	Part of the Belfries of Belgium and France, a UNESCO World Heritage site.	[96]
69	Belfry of Saint Éloi		40 m (130 ft)	4	Yes	C15	Freestanding Tower	Belfry	France	Dunkirk	Originally the western tower of the Church Saint Éloi separated by a street in 18th century. 12th tallest freestanding clock tower. Part of the Belfries of Belgium and France, a UNESCO World Heritage site.	[97][98]
70	Ripon Building		40 m (130 ft)	1	No	1913	Tower Building	Government	India	Chennai		[99]
71	Mint Tower		40 m (130 ft)	4	Yes	1487	Freestanding Tower	Clock & Bell Tower	Netherlands	Amsterdam	14th tallest freestanding clock tower. Formerly part of the medieval city walls	[100]
72	Metz-Ville station		40 m (130 ft)	4	No	1908	Tower Building	Railway station	France	Metz		[101]

See also

• List of largest clock faces
• List of clock towers
• List of tallest towers
• List of tallest buildings

References

1. "Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat". www.ctbuh.org. Retrieved 2020-06-15.
2. "Elizabeth Tower facts". UK Parliament. Retrieved 2020-06-15.
3. "The Campanile - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 2020-06-15.
4. "Joseph Chamberlain Memorial Clock Tower - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 2020-06-15.
5. "Philadelphia City Hall - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 2020-06-15.
6. "Wrigley Building - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 2020-06-15.
7. "Palace of Culture and Science - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 2020-06-15.
8. "Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat". www.ctbuh.org. Retrieved 2020-06-24.
9. "Joseph Chamberlain Memorial Clock Tower - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 2020-05-01.
10. "Philadelphia City Hall - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 2020-05-01.
11. "Makkah Royal Clock Tower - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 2020-06-15.
12. "NTT DoCoMo Yoyogi Building - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 2020-06-14.
13. "Palace of Culture and Science - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 2020-05-01.
14. "Metropolitan Life Tower - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 2020-05-01.
15. "Mercantile Building - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 2020-05-01.
16. "Mercantile Place on Main - History of the Mercantile Tower, Dallas, Texas". daviesla.com. Retrieved 2020-04-23.
17. "Dallas Llandmark Commission Landmark Nomination Form" (PDF). 2012-09-24. Retrieved 2020-07-02.
18. "Marriott's Custom House - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 2020-05-01.
19. "Wrigley Building - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 2020-05-01.
20. "St. Michaelis - The "Michel" Hamburg | Hamburg Tourismus". www.hamburg-travel.com. Retrieved 2020-07-31.
21. "gothic timeline". De Kathedraal. Retrieved 2020-06-25.
22. "gothic world heritage". De Kathedraal. Retrieved 2020-06-25.
23. "gothic tower". De Kathedraal. Retrieved 2020-06-25.
24. "Estrada de Ferro Central do Brasil - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 2020-05-01.
25. "The 10 Tallest University Clock Towers - Best College Reviews". www.bestcollegereviews.org. Retrieved 2020-04-23.
26. "MV Lomonosov State University - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 2020-06-15.
27. "Milwaukee City Hall - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 2020-05-01.
28. "Basic Facts About City Hall". city.milwaukee.gov. Retrieved 2020-04-25.
29. "Rådhustårnets ur / City Hall Tower Clock - Copenhagen, Denmark - Town Clocks on Waymarking.com". www.waymarking.com. Retrieved 2020-06-25.
30. "Municipal Building Commission :: Building History, Facts, & Photos". municipalbuildingcommission.org. Retrieved 2020-04-23.
31. "L'HÔTEL DE VILLE ET SON BEFFROI | Lille - Office de Tourisme et des Congrès". en.lilletourism.com. Retrieved 2020-06-25.
32. "Old City Hall - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 2020-05-01.
33. muenchen.de. "So schön ist Münchens Frauenkirche". muenchen.de (in German). Retrieved 2020-06-25.
34. "Royal Liver Building - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 2020-05-01.
35. "The Clock Dials". UK Parliament. Retrieved 2020-04-23.
36. "The Tower of Palazzo Vecchio". museicivicifiorentini.comune.fi.it. Retrieved 2020-06-17.
37. "University of Texas Tower - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 2020-05-01.
38. "The Campanile (Sather Tower) at UC Berkeley". Visit Berkeley. Retrieved 2020-05-01.
39. "Parliament Hill Tour - The History of Parliament Hill". web.archive.org. 2008-12-04. Retrieved 2020-06-25.
40. "City Hall clock tower". www.brisbane.qld.gov.au. Retrieved 2020-06-15.
41. "The Campanile - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 2020-05-01.
42. "Home". Belfort Gent. Retrieved 2020-06-25.
43. "The Ghent Belfry" (PDF). 2012-04-10. Retrieved 2020-07-02.
44. "Belfry of Ghent: What you need to know before your visit". CosmopoliClan. 2019-09-20. Retrieved 2020-06-25.
45. "Emerson Tower - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 2020-05-01.
46. "Beffroi de Mons - Musée - Mons". www.visitmons.be (in French). Retrieved 2020-06-25.
47. "History - Sydney Trains". web.archive.org. 2013-08-10. Retrieved 2020-07-02.
48. Stamp, Elizabeth. "The 10 Most Iconic Clock Towers in the World". Architectural Digest. Retrieved 2020-06-14.
49. "Allen-Bradley Clock Tower". Encyclopedia of Milwaukee. Retrieved 2020-05-01.
50. "The building | History of Manchester Town Hall | Manchester City Council". secure.manchester.gov.uk. Retrieved 2020-06-14.
51. Abbit, Beth (2015-06-11). "Manchester town hall clock tours: Stunning pictures give you a glimpse of view from city's famous landmark". men. Retrieved 2020-06-14.
52. "Belfort (Belfry & Carillon)". Musea Brugge. Retrieved 2020-06-25.
53. "Vancouver Block - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 2020-07-06.
54. "Vancouver Block, Vancouver | 113300 | EMPORIS". www.emporis.com. Retrieved 2020-07-06.
55. "History". helsingintuomiokirkko.fi. Retrieved 2020-06-25.
56. Gerard Peet. "The Origin of the Skyscraper" (PDF). Retrieved 2020-07-02.
57. "Calais Town Hall".
58. "Arras France Tourism Guide » Arras' bell tower and the Town Hall". Retrieved 2020-06-25.
59. Toon. "Grootste klok ter wereld. | Maakeenstijd.nl" (in Dutch). Retrieved 2020-06-14.
60. "Ferry Building: San Francisco, California". American Planning Association. Retrieved 2020-06-16.
61. Graff, Amy; SFGATE (2016-04-17). "A penthouse in San Francisco's historic Clock Tower goes on the market". SFGate. Retrieved 2020-06-16.
62. "Great Railroad Stations - Waterbury, CT". www.trainweb.org. Retrieved 2020-06-25.
63. "University Library". Retrieved 2020-06-30.
64. "Salt Lake City and County Building Steeple - Unique Steeples on Waymarking.com". www.waymarking.com. Retrieved 2020-06-30.
65. "HABS No. UT-104 Photographs, Written Historical and Descriptive Data" (PDF). 2011-07-17. Retrieved 2020-07-02.
66. "Saviour Tower in the Moscow Kremlin". www.moscow.info. Retrieved 2020-05-01.
67. "The Cloth Hall of the city of Ypres, Ieper in Belgium and Flanders. Flanders Fields. Lakenhalle Ieper". web.archive.org. 2006-05-13. Retrieved 2020-06-25.
68. "The Cloth Hall (Lakenhalle) in Ieper (Ypres), Belgium". www.greatwar.co.uk. Retrieved 2020-06-25.
69. "The belfry". CM Tourisme. Retrieved 2020-07-02.
70. "TOWN HALL, Leeds - 1255772 | Historic England". historicengland.org.uk. Retrieved 2020-06-25.
71. "Lucknow's historic Hussainabad clock tower, others waiting to catch up with time". Hindustan Times. 2017-05-28. Retrieved 2020-06-14.
72. "What makes the public clocks of Paris popular?". French Moments. 2016-07-27. Retrieved 2020-07-31.
73. "Famous clock towers around the world". www.msn.com. Retrieved 2020-06-17.
74. "Historique de la Gare des Bénédictins". web.archive.org. 2006-08-12. Retrieved 2020-06-17.
75. "Oslo Rådhus 2 - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 2020-05-01.
76. "The Cathedral of Messina | MessinArte soc. coop". Retrieved 2020-06-14.
77. "The faces of the clock | MessinArte soc. coop". Retrieved 2020-06-14.
78. "Messina's Unique Bell TowerItalianNotebook". www.italiannotebook.com. Retrieved 2020-06-14.
79. "Bolton Town Hall - a short history of a tall building". boltonsmayors.org.uk. Retrieved 2020-06-15.
80. "Belfry of Thuin". CM Tourisme. Retrieved 2020-07-02.
81. "Parkinson Tower's hidden secrets - the history of the bells and its current residents". Estates and Facilities. 2018-03-12. Retrieved 2020-06-14.
82. Council, Auckland. "The University of Auckland heritage trail" Check |url= value (help). Auckland Council. Retrieved 2020-06-15.
83. "About | Cornell Chimes". chimes.cornell.edu. Retrieved 2020-06-16.
84. "The 10 Tallest University Clock Towers - Best College Reviews". www.bestcollegereviews.org. Retrieved 2020-06-30.
85. "Purdue Bell Tower - Engineering Intranet". engineering.purdue.edu. Retrieved 2020-06-30.
86. "✅ Helsinki Central Station - Data, Photos & Plans". WikiArquitectura. Retrieved 2020-06-25.
87. Glancey, Jonathan. "Ten of the world's most beautiful railway stations". www.bbc.com. Retrieved 2020-06-25.
88. "Clock tower". Old Port of Montréal. Retrieved 2020-06-14.
89. "Historic Union Station - Portland, Oregon". splintercat.org. Retrieved 2020-06-25.
90. "Belfort van Aalst, Aalst | 249154 | EMPORIS". www.emporis.com. Retrieved 2020-06-30.
91. "Declared Monuments in Hong Kong - Kowloon". Antiquities and Monuments Office. Retrieved 2020-06-16.
92. "Albert Memorial Clock, Ulster". www.victorianweb.org. Retrieved 2020-06-17.
93. "Albert Memorial Clock, Belfast". discovernorthernireland.com. Retrieved 2020-06-17.
94. Anjana. "8 Heritage Buildings and Structures to Visit in Chennai". Culture Trip. Retrieved 2020-06-14.
95. Bedford, Sam. "The 10 Most Beautiful Clock Towers in Malaysia". Culture Trip. Retrieved 2020-06-14.
96. "Town Hall and Belfry". Toerisme stad Dendermonde (in Dutch). Retrieved 2020-06-30.
97. "Beffroi de Saint-Eloi - Dunkerque Flandre Côte d'Opale". www.dunkirk-tourism.com. Retrieved 2020-06-25.
98. "Dunkirk | History, Geography, & Points of Interest". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2020-06-25.
99. "The Ripon Building". Chennai Tourist Centre. Retrieved 2020-06-14.
100. Nigel (2014-11-13). "Munttoren Amsterdam". Amsterdam for Visitors. Retrieved 2020-06-25.
101. "Famous clock towers around the world". www.msn.com. Retrieved 2020-06-17.