List of stock characters

A stock character is a dramatic or literary character representing a generic type in a conventional, simplified manner and recurring in many fictional works.[1] The following list labels some of these stereotypes and provides examples. Some character archetypes, the more universal foundations of fictional characters, are also listed. Some characters that were first introduced as fully fleshed-out characters become subsequently used as stock characters in other works (e.g., the Ebenezer Scrooge character from A Christmas Carol, upon whom the miserly Scrooge type is based).

Character Type Description Examples
A
Absent-minded professorAn eccentric scientific genius who is so focused on his work that he has shortfalls in other areas of life (remembering things, grooming).[2] This is the benign version of the mad scientist.Professor Calculus, Emmett Brown, Sherman Klump
Angry Black WomanAn assertive, overbearing, opinionated, loud, and "sassy" black woman with a sharp tongue, often depicted as nagging and emasculating a male character.[3] This has been criticized by scholars as a negative stereotype.[4] Sapphire in Amos 'n' Andy,[5] Wilhelmina Slater in Ugly Betty,[6] Aunt Esther
Antihero A protagonist lacking conventional heroic qualities, such as morality, courage, or idealism.[7] An antihero has flaws and may break the law, but has a good heart. Deadpool, Man with No Name, Eddie Valiant
Author surrogateA character sharing the traits of its author or creator.[8] The author surrogate may be disguised to some degree, or there may be little attempt to make them appear different (for example, it may have the same name and job). Jon Arbuckle, Stan Marsh, Kyle Broflovski
B
Bad boyA roguish, good-looking macho, often a womanizer. In his frequent affairs, he shows a "dark triad" of Machiavellian traits. In historical fiction, he is a rake or cad.Tony Stark, Gregory House, Danny Zuko
BardA lute-playing singer-songwriter in Medieval and Renaissance stories who sings about the events of the day to earn a living. The Bard may be a wandering troubador travelling from town to town, and playing at taverns (or busking when gigs are scarce), or they may have a steady job in a noble court, playing for royalty at feasts. The bard may overlap with the jester if they use their songs to speak blunt truths to a king or entertain the nobles with humour (also providing comic relief in the story). The bard may also be a wandering minstrel who voyages with the hero to chronicle the hero's exploits in song.Cantus in Fraggle Rock, Marillion in Game of Thrones, Dandelion/Jaskier in The Witcher, Gabrielle from Xena: Warrior Princess
Battle-axeAn old, domineering, brash and brazen womanAgnes Skinner, Thelma Harper, Marie Barone
BeatnikA hipster character, with a distinct style (usually wearing muted colors, a beret, and sunglasses) and a disdain for anything popular.Judy Funnie, Maynard G. Krebs, the cast of Off Beat Cinema
Black knightAn evil fighter antagonist, whose identify is often concealed behind his visor. He may be associated with death. He battles the good knight-errant.Black Knight, Nathan Garrett, Darth Vader
Blind seerA mystic who is sightless, but uses spiritual or psychic powers to sense the events and sights around them.Chirrut in Rogue One, "One Hundred Eyes" in Marco Polo, Zatoichi (blind swordsman)
Boy next doorAn nice, average guy who is reasonably good-lookingMarty McFly, Luke Skywalker, Peter Parker
Bug-eyed monsterA staple evil alien[2]Formics, Alien
C
Cat ladyAn eccentric, lonely woman, often living alone. She may be depicted as dotty and benevolent or as unhinged.Crazy Cat Lady, Arabella Figg,[9] Angela Martin
Chosen oneA person destined by prophecy to save the world, frequently possessed of unusual skills or abilities.Anakin Skywalker, Neo
Con artistA person who tricks people out of money by gaining, and then betraying their confidence.Del Boy, Artful Dodger, Danny Ocean
ContenderA competitive, scrappy underdog who is driven to keep trying to win.Rocky Balboa, Lightning McQueen, Daniel LaRusso
Career criminal Often a cunning thief. Has a strange gait, slouched posture and devious facial expression. Flynn Rider, Bernie Rhodenbarr, Cash Register Thief
CroneA cruel, withered old woman, often occult or witch-like. See also HagWicked Witch of the West, Maleficent, Gruntilda
D
Damsel in distressA noble, beautiful young Lady in need of rescue, traditionally from dragons. In early 1900s films, she is threatened by a robber or kidnapper.Princess Peach, Princess Zelda, Daphne Blake
DandyA good-looking, well-off young man more interested in fashion and leisure than business and politics. Prominent in Victorian writings.Dorian Gray, Hercule Poirot, Psmith
Dark LadyA dark, malicious or doomed womanLady Macbeth, Miss Trunchbull, Annie Wilkes
Dark LordAn evil, powerful, often godlike or near-immortal sorcerer. The dark lord is often wounded, though still powerful enough to defile the land. He may be a Devil archetype.Palpatine, Lord Voldemort, Thanos
Dastardly WhiplashA classic villain archetype from the silent film era, who will tie a maiden to train tracks or burn down an orphanage as part of their schemes, all while twirling a long mustache. They have over-the-top personalities.Dick Dastardly, King K. Rool, Robbie Rotten
Donor A supernatural being who provides aid to the protagonist Fairy Godmother, Genie, Cosmo & Wanda
DoppelgängerA malevolent character that resembles but is not necessarily related to another, benevolent, character in the same fictional universe; may come from a parallel universe. Usually portrayed by the same actor in a dual role.Bizarro, Mirror Universe
Dragon ladyA stereotype of East Asian and occasionally South Asian and Southeast Asian women as strong, deceitful, domineering, or mysterious.[10] The term's origin and usage arose in America during the late 1800s. This ethnic stereotype may negatively depict women as promiscuous, deceptive femme fatales.Wai Lin in Tomorrow Never Dies
Dumb blondeAn attractive, young, blonde-haired woman with little common senseGoldie Hawn's characters on Rowan & Martin's Laugh-In, Rose Nylund, Chrissy Snow
E
Elderly martial arts masterA wise old man mentoring a young disciple in his ancient craft. The old man often needs to be avenged.Mr. Miyagi, Ra's al Ghul, Yoda, Splinter
EverymanAn ordinary, humble individual, the Everyman may be a stand-in for the audience or reader.Arthur Dent, Homer Simpson, Tim Canterbury
Evil clownViolent, malevolent beings who ironically resemble clownsJoker, Killer Klowns, Pennywise
Evil twinA malevolent character that resembles and is usually related to (most commonly a literal twin of) another, benevolent, character in the same universe; usually portrayed by the same actor in a dual role.Adam Chandler, Alex Drake
F
Fall guyAn unaware scapegoat for a villain's larger plot.Alex Parrish, Wilmer Cook, Biff from The Strawberry Blonde
Farmer's daughterA desirable, wholesome, and naive young woman, also described as being an "open-air type" and "public-spirited"[11][12]Crushinator, Betty Jo, Bobbie Jo, and Billie Jo in the sitcom Petticoat Junction; Daisy Duke in The Dukes of Hazzard; Elly May Clampett in The Beverly Hillbillies; Daisy Mae in the comic strip Li'l Abner.
Femme fataleA beautiful, alluring, woman who is also traitorous, cunning and deceptive. She draws men into a honey trap.Ruth Wonderly, Poison Ivy, Salome, Catherine Trammel
Final girlA "last woman standing" left in a horror film after a killer or monster has eliminated her companions.Mina Harker, Laurie Strode, Sally Hardesty
G
GeekAn eccentric or non-mainstream person who is an expert or enthusiast obsessed with a hobby or intellectual pursuit, with a general pejorative meaning of a "peculiar person, especially one who is perceived to be overly intellectual, unfashionable, boring, or socially awkward".[13] The geek character overlaps with the nerd, but the geek may be depicted in a more negative fashion.Sheldon Cooper in The Big Bang Theory
Gentle giantA huge, strong man who, despite his fear-inspiring appearance, has a good heart.Fezzick, Kronk, Chunky Kong
Gentleman thiefA sophisticated, well-mannered, and elegant thief. He typically tries to avoid violence by using deception and his wits to steal.Kaito Kuroba, Sly Cooper, Neal Caffrey from White Collar
Girl next doorAn average young woman, reasonably attractive, with a wholesome demeanor.Rachel Green, Carrie Bradshaw, Bridget Jones
Grande dameFrench for "great lady"; a haughty, flamboyant and elegant woman, prone to extravagant and eccentric fashion. She is usually a stereotype of an elderly high society socialite[14][15][16][17]Constance in Gosford Park, Princess Dragomiroff in Murder on the Orient Express; Lady Bracknell in The Importance of Being Earnest
GrotesqueA deformed or disabled person whose appearance scares strangers or inspires pity, and who may be mistreated. He is a tragic figure.Hunchback of Notre Dame
H
HagA wizened, withered, and bitter old woman, often a malicious witch.Baba Yaga, Wicked Queen, Gruntilda
Hardboiled detective A private investigator or police officer rendered bitter and cynical by violence and corruption. They are often hard-drinking antiheroes who use questionable tactics. Typically the protagonist in film noir crime movies and hardboiled novels and pulp fiction. Philip Marlowe, Mike Hammer, Sam Spade
HarlequinA clown or professional fool who pokes fun at others, even the elite.Till Eulenspiegel, Krusty the Clown
Hooker with a heart of goldA prostitute who has a good moral compass and intrinsic morality.Nancy, Fantine, Inara Serra
Hopeless romantic A loving, passionate character that often finds "love at first sight". He is obsessive over a romantic partner (or love interest), usually views life very optimistically.

Humphrey Goodman, Walden Schmidt, Brian Griffin

Housewife A busy mother of the protagonist family, she takes care of the children and does the housework. Her appearance ranges from homely to average. Morticia Addams, Jane Jetson, Marge Simpson
HotshotA reckless, impulsive macho character known for taking risks.Martin Riggs, Agent J, Axel Foley
I
Idiot savantA person with extraordinary genius in a narrow area who has a social or developmental disability.Forrest Gump, Raymond "Rain Man" Babbitt
ImmigrantA character from a foreign land with bizarre quirks and traditions, often clashes humorously with Western cultureBalki Bartokomous, Luigi Basco, Fez, Latka Gravas
IngenueAn attractive young woman who is endearingly innocent and wholesome.Ariel, Snow White, Dorothy Gale
J
Jewish mother A nagging, loud, highly-talkative, overprotective, smothering, and overbearing mother, who persists in interfering in her children's lives long after they have become adults and is excellent at making her children feel guilty for actions that may have caused her to suffer. Molly Goldberg, Auntie Nelda
Jock (athlete)A male athlete who is often muscular, but not very smart. He may also be a bully.Flash Thompson, Nathan Scott, Luke Ward
K
Knight-errantA noble Knight on a quest for his Lady or who is seeking some Holy Grail. He expresses his courtly love for his beloved from afar.Lancelot, Aragorn, Bronn, Jack Reacher[18]
L
Little Green MenSmall humanoid extraterrestrials with green skin and antennae on their heads;[19] known familiarly in science fiction fandom as LGMThe Great Gazoo
Loathly ladyA woman who appears to be hideous, often cursed; her beauty is revealed when the curse is lifted. (Male characters with the same characteristics also exist, such as the Beast in Beauty and the Beast.)The Wife of Bath's Tale
LonerAn isolated person who struggles to connect with people.James Dean in Rebel Without a Cause
LoversMain characters who deeply fall in love, despite the blocking effect of other characters or events; often moonstruck, star-crossed lovers that are strongly fraternizing with the "enemy". They may face a tragic end.Romeo & Juliet
M
Mad scientistAn insane or eccentric scientist or professor, often villainous or amoral.[2][20] Not all mad scientists are evil; some intend to be benevolent, but unintentionally cause an accident due to their hubristic attempt to play God in the lab. May have an Igor, a hunchbacked assistant.Victor Frankenstein, Dr. Henry Jekyll, Dr. Moreau
Magical NegroA black man with special insight or mystical powers, who ends up coming to the aid of the white protagonist.Uncle Remus
Mammy archetypeA rotund, homely, and matronly black woman. She has a sunny demeanor.Aunt Jemima, Mammy Two Shoes, Calpurnia in To Kill a Mockingbird
Manic Pixie Dream GirlUsually static young female characters who have eccentric personality quirks and are unabashedly girlish and dreamy.Zelda Spellman, Bo Peep
Mean Popular Girl An attractive teenage girl who has high status at her school, but is often mean to less popular and less good-looking or lower-status girls. Chloé Bourgeois in Miraculous: Tales of Ladybug and Cat Noir, Nina Harper in Braceface, Regina George in Mean Girls
Miles GloriosusA boastful soldier (originally from the comic theatre of ancient Rome)Falstaff, Baron Munchausen, Buzz Lightyear
Mother's boyAn awkward man who is excessively attached to his mother. Often he continues to act in a childish, submissive fashion even into adulthood.Private Pike, Howard Wolowitz, Norman Bates
Mother-in-law A stereotypical portrayal of a character's spouse's mother; frequently a battle-axe and always disapproving of her son-in-law. Pearl Slaghoople
N
NerdA socially-awkward, obsessive, or overly-intellectual person. They are often interested in doing well in school (academically and in terms of behavior). They tend to dress in unfashionable clothes. The geek character is similar, but may be depicted in more negative manner.Will McKenzie, Steve Urkel, Hermione Granger
Nice guyA male character of wholesome morals, agreeable personality and usually modest means who may struggle with finding women willing to date him (since, as the phrase goes, "nice guys finish last"). In ideal happy endings, he finds a woman more appropriate for him (possibly a Manic Pixie Dream Girl) than those who rejected himMarty Piletti in Marty, Stanley Moon in Bedazzled, Sonny Malone in Xanadu
Noble savageAn idealized Indigenous person or otherwise "wild" outsider who is uncorrupted by civilization.Chingachgook, Mowgli, Tarzan
O
OutlawA bandit depicted in a romanticized way, often charismatic and appealing, despite their lawless conduct.Robin Hood, Vash the Stampede, Josey Wales
P
Pantomime dameA pantomime portrayal of female characters by male actors in drag.Widow Twankey, Mary Sunshine
PetrushkaA Russian kind of jester.
PierrotFrench pantomime, a sad clownPagliacci, Puddles Pity Party
PirateA romanticized stereotype of high seas pirates of the 18th century. Features may include a black tricorn hat with skull and crossbones, unkempt facial hair, missing body parts (e.g. eyepatch, peg leg, hook for a hand), adventurous but surly demeanor, and a distinctive accent. Variants on the theme include air pirates and space pirates.Captain Hook, Long John Silver
PreppyIn 1980s TV shows and films (or in works set in this era), preppies are students or alumnus of Ivy League schools who have American upper class speech, vocabulary, dress, mannerisms and etiquette.[21] Like the related yuppie stock character of the 1980s, preppies range from benign (albeit materialistic and pretentious), to arrogant or even immoral.Jake in Sixteen Candles, Steff McKee and Blane McDonough in Pretty in Pink
Prince CharmingRescuer of the damsel in distress
Princesse lointaineA romantic love interest and beloved sweetheart and girlfriend for a Knight-errant.Dulcinea, Guinevere
Psycho-biddyAn embittered, usually psychotic, faded ex-celebrity, typically an old woman.Baby Jane Hudson, Norma Desmond, Joan Crawford as portrayed in Mommie Dearest
R
RebelA maverick who refuses to follow society's rules and conventions. He may simultaneously be a loner or hotshot.John Bender
RedshirtA minor, expendable character who is killed soon after being introduced. This refers to characters from the original Star Trek television series, often from the security or engineering departments of the starship, who wore the red Starfleet uniform. They are cannon fodder.Stormtroopers in Star Wars, Goombas in Super Mario
Reluctant heroA character who is thrust against their will into a heroic role; overlaps with the everyman and the antiheroShaun Riley, John McClane, Neo
Rightful kingA usurped, just ruler whose return or triumph restores peace. The rightful king may be a reluctant hero who is reticent to take the throne.Simba, King Arthur, Pastoria, Jarl Ulfric Stormcloak
S
Schoolma'amA pretty young woman schoolteacher in a frontier town or settlement. Her wholesome, virginal demeanor, modest dress, and education distinguish her from the other Western female stereotype (whores at the brothel or saloon). Schoolmarms represent civilization. Pretty, young teachers may be a love interest for the hero. Old teachers tend to be spinsters who are strict disciplinarians.

My Darling Clementine

ScroogeA old, wealthy boss who refuses to spend money and prefers to hoard it. The character is based on the miserly, penny-pinching, and mean-spirited old Ebenezer Scrooge from A Christmas Carol. Scrooge characters range from excessively thrifty, but otherwise benign types, to avaricious, cold-hearted types who are willing to allow harm to come to others. J. Paul Getty in All the Money in the World , Randolph and Mortimer Duke in Trading Places, Mister Potter from It's a Wonderful Life, J. Jonah Jameson in the Spider-Man Trilogy
Senex iratusA father figure and comic archetype who belongs to the alazon or impostor group in theater, manifesting himself through his rages and threats, his obsessions and his gullibilityPantalone, Arthur Spooner, Grampa Simpson
ShrewA woman given to violent, scolding, particularly nagging treatment of men.Lois Griffin, Wilma Flintstone
SinnekinsPairs of devilish, impish characters who exert their perfidious influence on the main character.Flotsam and Jetsam, Pain and Panic, Thing Number 1 and Thing Number 2, Winged monkeys
Sleazy lawyerA corrupt attorney who uses technicalities to get obviously-guilty, but wealthy and well-paying, clients acquitted. Sleazy lawyers are driven by a mixture of desiring wealth and a ruthless, competitive desire to win at all costs. They are masters at manipulating witnesses, D.A.s and judges to ensure they win. They range from lawyers who work within the law, by gaming the system or finding loopholes, to those who break the law by destroying evidence or intimidating witnesses. Billy Flynn, Saul Goodman, Alan Shore
Sleazy politicianAn elected official who is embroiled in corruption and scandals such as taking bribes, using secret slush funds, embezzling money, or engaging in affairs with staff (or other sexual misconduct). They may be hypocrites, who speak out against crime, while using illegal drugs and hanging out in brothels.Frank Underwood, Boss Hogg
SoubretteA female character who is vain, girlish, mischievous, lighthearted, coquettish, and gossipy.Violet Gray, Susanna in The Marriage of Figaro, Gretchen Wieners in Mean Girls, Poison Ivy
Southern belleAn elegant, beautiful young woman of the American Old South's upper class. She speaks with a Southern accent and is flirtatious. There is a good, wholesome variant and a vain, darker version.Scarlett O'Hara, Blanche Dubois, Blanche Devereaux
Space NazisAntagonists in science fiction works who show totalitarian, militaristic, and genocidal traits reminiscent of NazisPatterns of Force
Spear carrierA minor character who appears in several scenes, but mostly in the background roles. The term is a reference to minor characters in old plays set in Roman eras who would literally carry a spear as they played guard characters.
Starving artistAn impoverished painter, jazz musician, screenwriter, or novelist who is so dedicated to their artistic vision, that they refuse to sell out and do commercial art (or pop music, or mainstream feature films, etc). They live in an attic or couch surf, dress shabbily, and struggle to put food on the table. The depiction ranges from a romanticized, rose-tinted glasses portrait of libertine, Absinthe-sipping Bohemians to a gritty social realist examination of the artist's impoverished existence. A starving artist may also be a troubled artist.The depiction of Jerry Mulligan in An American in Paris, both male leads in Withnail & I, Joe Gillis in Sunset Boulevard, the painter and playwright in Design for Living, various Bohemians working as actors, artists, and writers in Moulin Rouge!, Llewyn Davis in Inside Llewyn Davis
Straight manA sidekick to a funny person who makes his partner look all the more ridiculous by being completely serious.Oliver Hardy, Bud Abbott, David Mitchell
SuperheroA Noble, brave person with supernatural powers who is dedicated to protecting the public.[2]Thor, Shazam, Sonic the Hedgehog
Superfluous manIn Russian 19th century literature, a dashing young aristocrat who is bored from his privileged life, and who distracts himself from his sense of ennui by engaging in intrigues, casual affairs, duels, gambling, and drinking. He is selfish and manipulative, and cares little about others or broader issues in society.Eugene Onegin
SupersoldierA soldier who operates beyond human limits or abilitiesCaptain America, Master Chief, Bloodshot, Universal Soldier
SupervillainThe nemesis to the Superhero, the supervillain is morally corrupt.Lex Luthor, The Joker, Dr. Evil
SwashbucklerA joyful, noisy, and boastful Renaissance era swordsman or pirate. He is chivalrous, courageous, and skilled in swordfighting and acrobatics as he seems vengeance on a corrupt villain.D'Artagnan, Zorro, Jack Sparrow
T
ThugA henchman or gang member who commits violent crimesBill Sikes, Francis Begbie, Biff Tannen
Tiger momA stereotype of East Asian mothers who relentlessly push their children to achieve success. Tiger moms set the highest standards and insist that their children strive for top marks so they can get into the best schools. In US TV and movies, this ethnic stereotype depicts East Asians as a "model minority".Bi Sheng Nan in Tiger Mom
Token black characterA character with no distinguishing characteristics whose sole purpose is to provide nominal diversity to the castToken Black, Franklin, Susie Carmichael
TomboyA girl or young woman with boyish and/or manly behavior.Merida, Mulan, Rainbow Dash, Princess Daisy
Tortured artistA painter, sculptor, or other creator frustrated with their artistic challenges, or with being misunderstood. They may have mental health issues or addiction, and they are hard to be around due to their narcissism and frustration.Brian Topp, Vincent van Gogh
Town drunkA male in a small town who is intoxicated more often than sober. They often have a good heart and may end up helping the protagonist.Barney Gumble, Otis Campbell, Matthew Scudder
Tragic heroA hero with a flaw that leads to their eventual death and downfall.Michael Corleone, Jay Gatsby, Randle McMurphy
Tragic mulattoA mulatto who is sad or suicidal because they fail to fit in with white or black people.Judy Kovacs in the episode Are You Now or Have You Ever Been in the television series Angel, Eliza, Cassy, and Emmeline in Uncle Tom's Cabin, Peola Johnson in Imitation of Life
TsundereIn Japanese anime and manga, a character who is initially cold (and sometimes even hostile) before gradually showing a warmer, friendlier side over time.Asuka Langley Soryu, Tsuyukusa from Amatsuki
U
Übermensch[2]A (often only seemingly) perfect human beingSuperman, Hercules, Don Pedro
V
ViceAn allegorical evil part in medieval morality plays.
Village idiotA person known locally for ignorance or stupidity; this character often turns out to be brave and good, and is sometimes underestimated (see Wise fool).Michelangelo, Bertie Wooster, Patrick Star
Villain[2]An evil character in a story.Shere Khan, Keyser Söze, Pennywise the Dancing Clown
W
Whisky priestA priest or ordained minister who shows clear signs of moral weakness, while at the same time teaching a higher standard.Father Callahan, Elmer Gantry, Mexican Priest in The Power and the Glory, Harry Powell
White hunterKhaki-clad, pith-helmeted Caucasian big-game hunters or safari leaders in Africa, used to illustrate the Imperial or racist mindset of the colonial era.Allan Quatermain, Kraven the Hunter
WimpWeak-willed, mild-mannered, ineffectual and easily manipulatedWallace Wimple, J. Wellington Wimpy, Alan Harper
Wise foolA person who seems like an idiot or simpleton, who may speak inarticulate nonsense in one moment, only to later show wisdom later on. The fool's mocking humour shows his ability to understand events or speak blunt truths to a leader.Puck, Goofy, Pumbaa
Wise old manAn elderly, learned character who provides mentoring and wisdom to the protagonist. In fantasy, he may also be a wizard.Obi-Wan Kenobi, Gandalf, Albus Dumbledore, Roger Murtaugh
Y
YokelAn unsophisticated country person whose rural accent and coarse manners are used for comic relief.Ernest P. Worrell, Cletus Spuckler, Dale Gribble
YouxiaA Chinese type of the Knight-errantFong Sai-yuk
YuppieIn 1980s and early 1990s films and TV (or works set in that era), a young, urban professional who is driven by their goals of career success and achieving wealth. Typically a lawyer, financial executive, or businessperson, they love their luxury car (a Saab or BMW), their house in a trendy downtown neighbourhood, dressing in designer clothes, and eating at hip restaurants. May be depicted as benign for satirical purposes, or depicted as immoral, villainous profiteers.Louis Winthorpe III in Trading Places, Executive Mitch Robbins in City Slickers, Gordon Gekko in Wall Street, Patrick Bateman in American Psycho

See also

References

  1. "Oxford English Dictionary". Retrieved 3 May 2008.
  2. John Clute, Peter Nicholls (1993), The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction, Orbit, ISBN 1-85723-124-4
  3. Kelley, Blair (25 September 2014). "Here's Some History Behind That 'Angry Black Woman' Riff the NY Times Tossed Around". The Root. Archived from the original on 21 January 2015. Retrieved 24 January 2015.
  4. Ashley, Wendy (4 November 2013). "The Angry Black Woman: The Impact of Pejorative Stereotypes on Psychotherapy with Black Women". Social Work in Public Health. 29 (1): 27–34. doi:10.1080/19371918.2011.619449. PMID 24188294.
  5. Naeemah Clark (10 November 2013). "Find real African American women in a beauty salon, not on reality TV". Greensboro News & Record.
  6. Kretsedemas, Philip (2010). "'But She's Not Black!'". Journal of African American Studies. 14 (2): 149–170. doi:10.1007/s12111-009-9116-3.
  7. "American Heritage Dictionary Entry: antihero". Ahdictionary.com. 9 January 2013. Retrieved 2013-10-03.
  8. Pandey, Ashish (2005). Academic Dictionary Of Fiction. Isha Books. p. 18. ISBN 8182052629.
  9. Rowling, J.K. (26 June 1997). Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone. United Kingdom: Bloomsbury. ISBN 0-7475-3269-9.
  10. Herbst, Philip (1997). The color of words: An encyclopaedic dictionary of ethnic bias in the United States. Intercultural Press. p. 72. ISBN 978-1-877864-97-1.
  11. Wood, Robin (2006), Howard Hawks, Wayne State University Press, p. 30, ISBN 978-0-8143-3276-4
  12. Marie-Luise Kohlke; Luisa Orza (22 October 2008). Negotiating sexual idioms: image, text, performance. Rodopi. ISBN 978-90-420-2491-5. Retrieved 9 June 2011.
  13. "Geek". Dictionary.com-Merriam-Webster entry. Retrieved 2 January 2016.
  14. "In search of old, grand-dame style New England hotels | United States Forum | Fodor's Travel Talk Forums". Fodors.com. Retrieved 2 September 2013.
  15. "Where to Stay in London – Best Hotels & Travel Guide (Condé Nast Traveller)". Cntraveller.com. 2 August 2012. Retrieved 2 September 2013.
  16. Bean, Kitty (3 November 2007). "Grande-dame hotels unveiling fresh faces". USA Today. Retrieved 2 September 2013.
  17. "Toronto's Fairmont Royal York Hotel: The Grande Dame Walks Her Talk – Travel with a Purpose – Travel with a Purpose". Wanderlustandlipstick.com. 9 February 2011. Retrieved 2 September 2013.
  18. Otto Penzler (editor) The lineup: the world's greatest crime writers tell the inside story of their greatest detectives. Little, Brown (2009)
  19. Peter Graham (22 May 1998), The Planet of the Zogs, Times Educational Supplement
  20. De Camp, L. Sprague (1953), Science-fiction Handbook: The Writing of Imaginative Fiction, p. 28
  21. Colman, David (17 June 2009). "The All-American Back From Japan". The New York Times.
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