List of state leaders in 1863
This is a list of heads of state, heads of governments, and other rulers in the year 1863.
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Africa
- Ashanti Confederacy – Kwaku Dua I Panyin, Asantehene (1834–1867)
- Kingdom of Buganda – Muteesa I (1856–1884)
- Bunyoro – Kyebambe IV, Omukama of Bunyoro (1852–1869)
- Kingdom of Burundi – Mwezi IV Gisabo (1852–1908)
- Kingdom of Dahomey – Glele (1856–1889)
- Ethiopian Empire – Tewodros II (1855–1868)
- Kingdom of Jimma - Abba Gomol (1862-1878)
- Kingdom of Kaffa -
- Kingdom of Kongo - Pedro V of Kongo (1859-1891)
- Kingdom of Lesotho – Moshoeshoe I (1822–1870)
- Liberia – Stephen Allen Benson, President of Liberia (1856–1864)
- Mthwakazi - Mzilikazi, King 1823-1868
- Kingdom of Rwanda – Kigeli IV (1853–1895)
- Sokoto Caliphate
- Caliph – Ahmad bin Atiku (1859–1866)
- Grand Vizier - Ibrahim Khalilu (1859-c.1874)
- Unyanyembe - Mkasiwa (1860-1875)
- Urambo - Mirambo
- Wituland – Ahmad ibn Fumo Bakari, Sultan (1858–1888)
- Yeke Kingdom - Msiri (1856-1891)
- Sultanate of Zanzibar – Sayyid Majid bin Said Al-Busaid (1856–1870)
- Zulu – Mpande kaSenzangakhona, King of the Zulu (1840–1872)
Asia
- Emirate of Afghanistan
- Dost Mohammad Khan (1843–1863)
- Sher Ali Khan (1863–1866)
- China
- Qing dynasty – Tongzhi Emperor (1861–1875)
- Taiping Heavenly Kingdom – Hong Xiuquan (1851–1864)
- Empire of Japan
- Monarch – Kōmei (1846–1867)
- Tokugawa shogunate - Tokugawa Iemochi (1858–1866)
- Ryukyu Kingdom - Shō Tai (1848-11 March 1879)
- Johor Sultanate -
- Sultan – Sultan Ali of Johor
- Temenggung - Abu Bakar of Johor, Temenggung (1862–1868)
- Kedah Sultanate – Sultan Ahmad Tajuddin Mukarram Shah (1854–1879)
- Joseon (Korea) – Cheoljong (1849–1864)
- Sultanate of Oman – Thuwaini bin Said (1856–1866)
- Pahang –
- Tun Mutahir of Pahang, Raja Bendahara of Pahang (1847–1863)
- Tun Muda Koris, Raja Bendahara of Pahang (1863)
- Sultan Ahmad al-Muadzam of Pahang, Raja Bendahara of Pahang (1863–1882)
- Rajpipla State - Gambhirsinhji II (1860-1897)
- Siam – Mongkut (1851–1868)
- Đại Nam (Nguyễn dynasty) - Tự Đức (1847–1883)
Europe
- Principality of Abkhazia – Mikhail (1822–1864)
- Kingdom of Belgium
- Monarch – Léopold I, King of the Belgians (1831–1865)
- Cabinet Chief - Charles Rogier (1847–1852, 1857–1868)
- Kingdom of Denmark
- Monarch -
- Frederick VII (1848–1863)
- Christian IX (1863–1906)
- Prime Minister -
- Carl Christian Hall (1860–1863)
- Ditlev Gothard Monrad (1863–1864)
- Monarch -
- Second French Empire – Napoleon III (1852–1870)
- German Confederation – Franz Joseph of Austria, President of the German Confederation (1850–1866)
- Austrian Empire – Franz Joseph I (1848–1916)
- Kingdom of Bavaria - Maximilian II (1848–1864)
- Free City of Hamburg – Nicolaus Ferdinand Haller, First Burgomaster of Hamburg (1863–1864; 1866–1868; 1870; and again 1872–1873)
- Kingdom of Hanover - George (1851–1866)
- Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
- Monarch – William III of the Netherlands (1849–1890)
- Prime Minister - Victor de Tornaco (1860–1867)
- Kingdom of Prussia –
- Monarch – Wilhelm I (1861–1888)
- Minister President - Otto von Bismarck (1862–1873)
- Kingdom of Saxony - Johann (1854–1873)
- Kingdom of Württemberg - Wilhelm I (1816–1864)
- Kingdom of Greece –
- Regency council (1862–1863)
- Monarch – George I, King of the Hellenes (1863–1913)
- Prime Minister -
- Dimitrios Voulgaris (1862–1863)
- Aristeidis Moraitinis (1863)
- Zinovios Valvis (1863)
- Diomidis Kyriakos (1863)
- Benizelos Rouphos (1863)
- Dimitrios Voulgaris (1863–1864)
- Papal States – Pope Pius IX (1846–1878)
- Kingdom of Hungary – Franz Joseph I of Austria (1848–1916)
- Kingdom of Italy –
- Monarch – Vittorio Emanuele II (1861–1878)
- Prime Minister -
- Luigi Carlo Farini (1862–1863)
- Marco Minghetti (1863–1864)
- Kingdom of the Netherlands
- Monarch – William III (1849–1890)
- Chairman of the Dutch Council of Ministers - Johan Rudolph Thorbecke (1849–1853, 1862–1866, 1871–1872)
- Kingdom of Norway – United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway - Carl IV (1859–1872)
- Ottoman (Turkish) Empire
- Sultan - Abdülaziz (1861–1876)
- Grand Vizier -
- Mehmed Fuad Pasha (1861–1863)
- Yusuf Kamil Pasha (1863)
- Mehmed Fuad Pasha (1863–1866)
- Kingdom of Portugal and the Algarves
- Monarch – Luís I (1861–1889)
- President of the Council of Ministers - Duke of Loulé (1862–1865)
- United Principalities (Romania) – Alexandru Ioan Cuza (1859–1866)
- Russian Empire – Alexander II (1855–1881)
- Kingdom of Spain – Isabella II (1833–1868)
- Kingdom of Sweden – United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway - Charles XV (1859–1872)
- United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
- Monarch – Victoria (1837–1901)
- Prime Minister - Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston (1859–1865)
Middle East and North Africa
- Abu Dhabi – Zayed bin Khalifa Al Nahyan, Shaikh of Abu Dhabi (1855–1909)
- Egypt Eyalet –
- Sultanate of Morocco – Muhammad IV (1859–1873)
North America
- Province of Canada: The Viscount Monck of Ballytrammon, Governor of the Province of Canada (1861–1867)
- Confederate States of America – Jefferson Davis, President of the Confederate States of America (1861–1865)
- Costa Rica –
- José María Montealegre Fernández, President of Costa Rica (1859–1863)
- Jesús Jiménez Zamora, President of Costa Rica (1863–1866)
- Mexico:
- Benito Juárez, President of Mexico (government in exile) (1858–1872)[1]
- Juan Almonte, President of the Regency of Mexico (1863–1864)[2]
- United States of America: Abraham Lincoln, President of the United States (1861–1865)
Oceania
- Kingdom of Hawaii –
- Kamehameha IV (1854–1863)
- Kamehameha V (1863–1872)
- Mangareva – Joseph Gregorio II, King of Mangareva (1857–1868)
- Samoa – Malietoa Talavou Tonumaipe’a, Malietoa (1860–1880)
- Tonga – Tāufaʻāhau, Tu'i Kanokupolu (1845–1893)
South America
- Argentina – Bartolomé Mitre, President of Argentina (1862–1868)
- Empire of Brazil –
- Monarch – Pedro II (1831–1889)
- Prime Minister - Pedro de Araújo Lima, Marquis of Olinda (1862–1864)
- Chile – José Joaquín Pérez, President of Chile (1861–1871)
- Ecuador – Gabriel García Moreno, President of Ecuador (1859–1865)
- Uruguay – Bernardo Berro, President of Uruguay (1860–1864)
gollark: Shame it's centralized.
gollark: Interesting, that is at least something.
gollark: Also, it's ridiculously verbose and you don't get stack traces.
gollark: It's meant to encode the idea of the thing *or* an error being returned, but it doesn't; there's nothing in the type preventing you from just returning two things, or zero things.
gollark: (also, like many Go things it is not well integrated with anything else; the multiple returns aren't first class like python tuples, you can't unpack them into function calls, etc)
References
- "Benito Juárez". Busca Biografias (in Spanish). Retrieved June 3, 2019.
- "Juan Nepomuceno Almonte". Busca Biografias (in Spanish). Retrieved June 3, 2019.
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