List of state leaders in 1278

This is a list of heads of state, heads of governments, and other rulers in the year 1278.

Africa

• Ethiopian Empire – Yekuno Amlak (1270–1285)

Asia

• China
  • Southern Song dynasty – Emperor Duanzong (1276–1278)
  • Southern Song dynasty – Emperor Bing (1278–1279)
  • Yuan dynasty – Kublai Khan, Emperor of Yuan (1271–1294)
• Korea (Goryeo Kingdom) – Chungnyeol (1274–1308)
• Japan (Kamakura period)
  • Monarch – Emperor Go-Uda (1274–1287)
  • Kamakura shogunate - Prince Koreyasu (1266–1289)
  • Shikken - Hōjō Tokimune (1268–1284)
• Khmer Empire – Jayavarman VIII (1243–1295)
• Kingdom of Pagan – Narathihapate (1254–1287)
• Singhasari – Kertanegara of Singhasari (1268–1292)
• Sukhothai Kingdom – Ban Mueang (1270–1279)

Europe

• Kingdom of Aragon–County of Barcelona–Kingdom of Valencia – Peter III, King of Aragon and Valencia, Count of Barcelona (1276–1285)
• Kingdom of Bohemia –
  1. Ottokar II (1253–1278)
  2. Wenceslaus II (1278–1305)
• Bulgarian Empire – Ivailo, Tsar of Bulgaria (1277–1280)
• Byzantine Empire (Palaeologian dynasty) - Michael VIII (1259–1282)
• Kingdom of Castile–Kingdom of León – Alfonso X (1252–1284)
• Kingdom of Denmark – Eric V (1259–1286)
• Kingdom of England – Edward I (1272–1307)
• Kingdom of France – Philip III (1270–1285)
• Kingdom of Gwynedd – Llywelyn ap Gruffudd, Prince of Gwynedd (1246–1282)
• Holy Roman Empire (House of Habsburg) - Rudolph I, King of the Romans (1273–1291)
  • County of Holland – Floris V (1256–1296)
• Grand Duchy of Lithuania – Traidenis (1269–1282)
• Kingdom of Navarre – Joanna I (1274–1305)
• Kingdom of Norway – Magnus VI (1263–1280)
• Duchy of Poland – Bolesław V, High Duke of Poland (1243–1279)
• Kingdom of Portugal – Afonso III (1249–1279)
• Kingdom of Scotland – Alexander III (1249–1286)
• Kingdom of Serbia – Stephen Dragutin (1276–1282)
• Kingdom of Sweden – Magnus I (1275–1290)
• Principality of Wallachia – Bărbat (c. 1277-c. 1290)

Middle East and North Africa

• Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia – Leo III (1270–1289)
• Kingdom of Cyprus – Hugh III (1267–1284)
• Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt – Al-Said Barakah (1277–1280)
• Ilkhanate – Abaqa Khan (1265–1281)
• Seljuks of Turkey – Keyhüsrev III (1265–1284)
• Karamanids – Güneri (1277–1300)
• County of Tripoli – Bohemond VII (1275–1287)