Hugh III of Cyprus

Hugh III of Cyprus (1235 – 24 March 1284), born Hugues de Poitiers, later Hugues de Lusignan (he adopted his mother's surname de Lusignan in 1267), called the Great, was the King of Cyprus from 1267 and King of Jerusalem from 1268 (as Hugh I of Jerusalem). He was the son of Henry of Antioch and Isabelle de Lusignan, the daughter of king Hugh I of Cyprus.[1] He was a grandson of Bohemund IV of Antioch and thus a descendant of Robert Guiscard.

Hugh (III)
King of Jerusalem
Reign	1268–1284
Predecessor	Conradin
Successor	John II
King of Cyprus
Reign	1267–1284
Predecessor	Hugh II
Successor	John I
Born	1235
Died	24 March 1284(1284-03-24) (aged 48–49)
Spouse	Isabella of Ibelin
Issue	John I of Cyprus Bohemond Henry II of Cyprus Amalric, Prince of Tyre Marie Aimery Guy, constable of Cyprus Margaret Alice Helvis Isabella
House	Poitiers-Lusignan
Father	Henry of Antioch
Mother	Isabelle de Lusignan

Regent

From 1261 he served as Regent for Hugh II of Cyprus in Cyprus, as the Haute Cour of Cyprus considered him, as a male, a better regent than his mother Isabella. She was, however, accepted as the Regent of Jerusalem in 1263. She died in 1264, and Hugh became the acting regent of the Kingdom of Jerusalem as well as Cyprus. The regency was contested by his first cousin, Hugh of Brienne, who was the son of Mary of Cyprus, the eldest daughter of Hugh I and hence the senior heir to Cyprus, and heir to Jerusalem after Hugh II. However, the Haute Cour of Jerusalem declared Hugh of Antioch the next regent, as successor to Isabella in proximity of blood.

King of Cyprus

Hugh II died in 1267 without heirs. As Hugh of Brienne did not advance his claim on the throne, Hugh of Antioch succeeded as uncontested King of Cyprus on 5 December and was crowned at Santa Sophia, in Nicosia, on 24 December. He claimed the Kingdom of Jerusalem as well in 1267 or 1268 upon the execution of Conradin. However, the throne of Jerusalem was also claimed by Mary of Antioch by proximity of blood to Conradin. The Haute Cour of Jerusalem rejected her claim and Hugh was crowned King of Jerusalem at Tyre on 24 September 1269.

Hugh and his descendants, the Kings of Cyprus, assumed his mother's surname of Lusignan in 1267, having inherited Cyprus through that family, thus establishing the Second House of Lusignan.

Hugh disliked dealing with the various factions in the Kingdom of Jerusalem, and left for Cyprus in 1276 in disgust at their defiance of his authority. The next year, his bailiff, Balian of Ibelin, Lord of Arsuf, was ejected by Roger of Sanseverino, the bailiff of Charles of Anjou, who had purchased the claim of Mary of Antioch. The kingdom remained under Angevin control for the rest of Hugh's reign.

It is supposed that Thomas Aquinas' work On Kingship was written for Hugh III.

He was buried at Santa Sophia, in Nicosia.

Family

He was married after 23 January 1255 to Isabella of Ibelin (c. 1241 – 2 June 1324).[2] They had:

• John II & I (died 1285) who succeeded him as King of Jerusalem and Cyprus[2]
• Bohemond (c. 1268 – Tyre, 3 November 1281,[2] buried at the Franciscan Church of Nicosia)
• Henry II of Cyprus (1271 – 31 August 1324) who succeeded John I as King, married Constance of Aragon[2]
• Amaury II, Prince of Tyre (died 5 June 1310), Constable of Jerusalem, married Isabella of Armenia[2]
• Mary (1273 – September, 1322 at Tortosa and buried at Barcelona) who married by proxy at Santa Sophia, Nicosia on 15 June 1315 and in person at Girona on 27 November 1315 James II of Aragon (10 August 1267 – 2 November 1327)[2]
• Aimery (1274–1280 – soon before 9 April 1316),[2] succeeded Guy as Constable of Cyprus in 1303, briefly succeeded Amalric as Regent of Cyprus and Governor of Cyprus on June 6, 1310
• Guy (1275-1280–1303, probably buried at Nicosia), Constable of Cyprus c. 1291, married on 7 December 1291 Eschiva of Ibelin, Lady of Beirut (1253–1312),[2]
• Margaret (c. 1276 – in Armenia, 1296), who married 9 January 1288 Thoros III of Armenia[2]
• Alice (1277–1280 – after March, 1324), married 1292–1295 or c. 1292/1294 Balian of Ibelin (died 1315/1316 in Kerynia, soon before 19 April 1316),[2] Titular Prince of Galilee and Bethlehem, son of Philip of Ibelin (died 1304)
• Helvis (died after March, 1324),[2]
• Isabella (c. 1280–1319),[2] married firstly in 1285/1290 Constantine Hethoumid of Neghir, Lord of Partzerpert (died 1308), and secondly c. 1310 King Oshin Hethoumid of Armenia, who divorced her before or in 1316

References

1. Baldwin 2014, p. iv.
2. Edbury 1994, p. 37.

Sources

• Baldwin, Philip Bruce (2014). Pope Gregory X and the Crusades. The Boydell Press.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Edbury, Peter W. (1994). The Kingdom of Cyprus and the Crusades, 1191-1374. Cambridge University Press.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)

Royal titles
Preceded by Hugh II	King of Cyprus 1267–1284	Succeeded by John I/II
Preceded by Conradin	King of Jerusalem 1268–1284