List of psychoactive plants, fungi, and animals
List of psychoactive plants, fungi, and animals.
Plants
Minimally psychoactive plants which contain mainly caffeine and theobromine:
- coffee
- tea (caffeine in tea is sometimes called theine) – also contains theanine
- guarana (caffeine in guarana is sometimes called guaranine)
- yerba mate (caffeine in yerba mate is sometimes called mateine)
- cocoa
- kola
Most known psychoactive plants:
- cannabis: cannabinoids
- tobacco: nicotine and beta-carboline alkaloids
- coca: cocaine
- opium poppy: morphine, codeine and other opiates
- salvia divinorum: salvinorin A
- khat: cathine and cathinone
- kava: kavalactones
- nutmeg: myristicin
Solanaceae plants—contain atropine, hyoscyamine and scopolamine
- Datura
- Deadly nightshade (Atropa belladonna)
- Henbane (Hyoscyamus niger)
- Mandrake (Mandragora officinarum)
- other Solanaceae
- peyote
- Peruvian torch cactus
- San Pedro cactus
Other plants:
- califonia poppies: protopine, allocryptopine,N-methyllaurotetanine
- kratom: mitragynine, mitraphylline, 7-hydroxymitragynine, raubasine and corynantheidine
- ephedra: ephedrine
- damiana
- Calea zacatechichi
- Silene capensis
- valerian: valerian (the chemical with the same name)
- various plants like chacruna, jurema, – 5-MeO-DMT
- Cebil/Yopo - Bufotenine
- Morning glory and Hawaiian Baby Woodrose – lysergic acid amide (LSA, ergine)
- Tabernanthe iboga ("Iboga")—ibogaine
- Areca catechu (see: betel and paan)—arecoline
- Rauvolfia serpentina: rauwolscine
- yohimbe (Pausinystalia johimbe): yohimbine, corynantheidine
- kanna: mesembrine and mesembrenone
- yellow horned poppy: glaucine
Fungi
Fungi:
- psilocybin mushrooms: psilocybin and psilocin
- various Amanita mushrooms: bufotenin
- Amanita muscaria: ibotenic acid and muscimol
- Claviceps purpurea and other Clavicipitaceae: ergotamine
- Dictyonema huaorani: Psilocybin, DMT and 5-MeO-DMT
Animals
Psychoactive animals:
- fire salamander: samandarin
- hallucinogenic fish
- psychoactive toads: bufotenin, Bufo alvarius (Colorado River toad or Sonoran Desert toad) also contains 5-MeO-DMT
- Several sea sponges: brominated DMT analogs, notably 5-Bromo-DMT:
- Smenospongia aurea: 5-Bromo-DMT[1][2]
- Smenospongia echina: 5,6-Dibromo-DMT[1][2]
- Verongula rigida: 5-Bromo-DMT, 5,6-Dibromo-DMT, et al.[1][2]
- Eudistoma fragum: 5-Bromo-DMT[1]
- Paramuricea chamaeleon: DMT, NMT[1]
- Villogorgia rubra: NMT[1]
- Tree frogs belonging to the genus Phyllomedusa, notably P. bicolor: opioid peptides including deltorphin, deltorphin I, deltorphin II and dermorphin.
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See also
References
- Shulgin, Alexander (1997). TIHKAL: The Continuation. Transform Press. ISBN 9780963009692.
- Morris H, Wallach J (26 March 2013). "Sea DMT". Vice Magazine. Retrieved 5 January 2019.
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