List of presidents of Vietnam

The President of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (Vietnamese: Chủ tịch nước Cộng hòa xã hội chủ nghĩa Việt Nam), known as Chairman of the Council of State (Vietnamese: Chủ tịch Hội đồng Nhà nước) from 1981 to 1992, is the head of state of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. Beside, the president is also the head of government with prime minister. The president represents Vietnam internally and externally, supervises the work as well as preserving the stability of the national governmental system and safeguards the independence and territorial integrity of the country. The president appoints prime minister, vice-presidents, ministers and other officials with the consent of the National Assembly. The head of state is the commander-in-chief of the Vietnam People's Armed Forces and Chairman of the Council for Defence and Security, an organ of the National Assembly. Since Vietnam is a one-party state, with the Communist Party of Vietnam being the sole party allowed by the constitution, all the presidents of the Democratic Republic and the Socialist Republic have been members of the party while holding office. The current President is Nguyễn Phú Trọng, since 23 October 2018 after the former President Trần Đại Quang died in office. He is also the current General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam.

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The modern office of the President of the Socialist Republic traces its lineage back to Hồ Chí Minh, the first President of the Democratic Republic, and the office has no connection, or lineage, officially at least, to the head of state of the former South Vietnam (Nguyễn Hữu Thọ, a communist and the head of state of South Vietnam). Officially there have been 10 presidents of Vietnam, but there have, in total, been 11 presidents if the one of South Vietnam are counted.

Democratic Republic of Vietnam (1945–76)
Status
  Denotes Acting President
No. Portrait Name
(Birth–Death)		 Term of Office Political Party
Took office Left office Time in office
President of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam
1 Hồ Chí Minh
(1890–1969)		 2 September 1945 2 September 1969 24 years Indochinese Communist Party
(until 1951)
Worker's Party of Vietnam
(from 1951)
— Huỳnh Thúc Kháng
(1876–1947)		 31 May 1946 21 September 1946 113 days Independent
— Tôn Đức Thắng
(1888–1980)		 2 September 1969 23 September 1969 21 days Worker's Party of Vietnam
2 23 September 1969 2 July 1976 6 years, 283 days

Republic of South Vietnam (1969–76)
No. Portrait Name
(Birth–Death)		 Term of Office Political Party
Took office Left office Time in office
Chairman of the Consultative Council of the Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Republic of South Vietnam
1 Nguyễn Hữu Thọ
(1910–1996)		 8 June 1969 2 July 1976 7 years, 24 days People's Revolutionary Party of Vietnam
(National Liberation Front)
(influenced by Worker's Party of Vietnam)

Socialist Republic of Vietnam (1976–present)
Status
  Denotes Acting President
No. Portrait Name
(Birth–Death)		 Term of Office Political Party
Took office Left office Time in office
President of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam
(2) Tôn Đức Thắng
(1888–1980)		 2 July 1976 30 March 1980 3 years, 272 days Communist Party of Vietnam
— Nguyễn Hữu Thọ
(1910–1996)		 30 March 1980 4 July 1981 1 year, 96 days Communist Party of Vietnam
Chairman of the Council of State of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam
3 Trường Chinh
(1907–1988)		 4 July 1981 18 June 1987 5 years, 349 days Communist Party of Vietnam
4 Võ Chí Công
(1912–2011)		 18 June 1987 22 September 1992 5 years, 96 days Communist Party of Vietnam
President of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam
5 Lê Đức Anh
(1920–2019)		 23 September 1992 23 September 1997 5 years Communist Party of Vietnam
6 Trần Đức Lương
(1937–)		 24 September 1997 26 June 2006 8 years, 275 days Communist Party of Vietnam
7 Nguyễn Minh Triết
(1942–)		 27 June 2006 25 July 2011 5 years, 28 days Communist Party of Vietnam
8 Trương Tấn Sang
(1949–)		 25 July 2011 2 April 2016 4 years, 252 days Communist Party of Vietnam
9 Trần Đại Quang
(1956–2018)		 2 April 2016 21 September 2018 2 years, 172 days Communist Party of Vietnam
— Đặng Thị Ngọc Thịnh
(1959–)		 21 September 2018 23 October 2018 32 days Communist Party of Vietnam
10 Nguyễn Phú Trọng
(1944–)		 23 October 2018 Incumbent 1 year, 298 days Communist Party of Vietnam

Timeline
Nguyễn Phú TrọngĐặng Thị Ngọc ThịnhTrần Đại QuangTrương Tấn SangNguyễn Minh TriếtTrần Đức LươngLê Đức AnhVõ Chí CôngTrường ChinhNguyễn Hữu ThọTôn Đức ThắngHuỳnh Thúc Kháng

List of Presidents by length of tenure
No. Name Party Length of term
1 Hồ Chí Minh ICP/WPV 24 years
2 Tôn Đức Thắng WPV/CPV 10 years, 210 days
3 Trần Đức Lương CPV 8 years, 275 days
4 Nguyễn Hữu Thọ PRPV/CPV 8 years, 120 days
5 Trường Chinh CPV 5 years, 349 days
6 Võ Chí Công CPV 5 years, 96 days
7 Nguyễn Minh Triết CPV 5 years, 28 days
8 Lê Đức Anh CPV 5 years
9 Trương Tấn Sang CPV 4 years, 252 days
10 Trần Đại Quang CPV 2 years, 172 days
11 Nguyễn Phú Trọng CPV 1 year, 298 days
12 Huỳnh Thúc Kháng Independent 113 days
13 Đặng Thị Ngọc Thịnh CPV 32 days
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See also

Notes
    1.^ These numbers are official. The "—" denotes acting head of state. The first column shows how many presidents there have been in Vietnamese history, while the second show how many presidents there was in that state.
    2.^ The Central Committee when it convenes for its first session after being elected by a National Party Congress elects the Politburo.[1] According to David Koh, in interviews with several high-standing Vietnamese officials, the Politburo ranking is based upon the number of approval votes by the Central Committee. Lê Hồng Anh, the Minister of Public Security, was ranked 2nd in the 10th Politburo because he received the second-highest number of approval votes. Another example being Tô Huy Rứa of the 10th Politburo, he was ranked lowest because he received the lowest approval vote of the 10th Central Committee when he standing for election for a seat in the Politburo. This system was implemented at the 1st plenum of the 10th Central Committee.[2] The Politburo ranking functioned as an official order of precedence before the 10th Party Congress, and some believe it still does.[1]
    3.^ Died in office.
    4.^ Trường Chinh was ranked 1st in the Politburo hierarchy when Lê Duẩn, the General Secretary of the Central Committee, died on 10 July 1986.

    References
    1. Van & Cooper 1983, p. 69.
    2. Koh 2008, p. 666.

    Bibliography
    • Koh, David (July–August 2008). "Leadership Changes at the 10th Congress of the Vietnamese Communist Party". Asian Survey. 48 (4): 650–672. doi:10.1525/as.2008.48.4.650. JSTOR 3738744.
    • Van, Canh Nguyen; Cooper, Earle (1983). Vietnam under Communism, 1975–1982. Hoover Press. ISBN 9780817978518.
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