List of languages of Russia

This is a list of languages used in Russia. Some of the languages have more speakers, and even official status, in other countries.

Official language

• Russian (138,312,000 speakers)

Languages related to European Russia

Languages with 1,000,000 or more speakers

• English (7,574,302)
• Tatar (5,200,000)
• German (2,069,949)
• Chuvash (1,640,000)
• Bashkir (1,450,000)
• Chechen (1,340,000)
• Ukrainian (1,300,000)[1]

Languages with 100,000 or more speakers

• Armenian
• Avar (784,000)
• Azerbaijani (669,000)
• Mordovian languages
  • Moksha (614,000)
  • Erzya
• Kabardian 587,000)
• Dargwa (503,000)
• Ossetic (493,000)
• Udmurt (463,000)
• Yakut (450.000)
• Kumyk (458,000)
• Eastern Mari (451,000)
• Ingush (405,000)
• Lezgian (397,000)
• Belarusian (316,000)
• Karachay-Balkar (302,000)
• Georgian (286,000)
• Komi-Zyrian (217,000)
• Turkish (161,000)
• Kalmyk (153,000)
• Lak (153,000)
• Romanian (147,000)
• Adyghe (129,000)
• Tabassaran (128,000)

Languages with 10,000 or more speakers

• Komi-Permyak (94,000)
• Polish (94,000)
• Nogai (90,000)
• Karelian (52,000)
• Finnish (51,000)
• Lithuanian (49,000)
• Abaza (38,000)
• Western Mari (36,000)
• Latvian (34,000)
• Kurmanji (30,000)
• Yiddish (30,000)
• Rutul (29,000)
• Aghul (29,000)
• Estonian (26,000)
• Andi (23,000)
• Baltic Romany (20,000)
• Tsez (15,000)
• Bezhta (10,000)
• Vlax Romany (10,000)
• Livvi

Languages with 1,000 or more speakers

• Assyrian Neo-Aramaic (7,700)
• Khwarshi (3,000)
• Serbian
• Veps
• Tindi
• Karata
• Ludian
• Hunzib
• Bagvalal
• Botlikh
• Tsakhur
• Akhvakh
• Ghodoberi
• Archi
• Chamalal
• Judeo-Tat

Languages with fewer than 1,000 speakers

• Sami languages
  • Akkala Sami
  • Kildin Sami
  • Skolt Sami
  • Ter Sami
• Vod
• Ingrian
• Hinukh
• Kurdish

Languages related to Asian Russia

Languages with 100,000 or more speakers

• Kazakh (563,000)
• Yakut (456,000)
• Buryat (368,000)
• Tuvin (242,000)
• Uzbek (238,000)
• Tajiki (131,000)

Languages with 10,000 or more speakers

• Altay (65,000)
• Khakas (52,000)
• Kyrgyz (46,000)
• Nenets (31,000)
• Khanty (13,000)
• Shor (around 10,000)

Languages with 1,000 or more speakers

• Mansi (2,746)

Languages with fewer than 1,000 speakers

• Yupik languages
  • Naukan (Naukanski)
  • Sirenik
  • Central Siberian Yupik (Yuit)
• Yukaghir languages
  • Northern Yukaghir
  • Southern Yukaghir
• Ket
• Ainu
• Orok
• Udege
• Kerek
• Aleut (including Mednyy)
• Enets
• Alutor
• Negidal
• Tofalar (Karagas)
• Itelmen
• Yugh
• Nganasan
• Oroch
• Chulym
• Ulch
• Nivkh

Other

• Korean (60,000)
  • Koryo-mar
• Mandarin Chinese (59,000)
• Turkmen (38,000)
• Czech
• Domari
• Lomavren
• Pontic Greek
• Bohtan Neo-Aramaic
• Tat language
• Russian sign language

Language families

A total of 14 language families are native to Russia:[2]

• Indo-European
• Caucasian (2 families)
  • Northeast Caucasian
  • Northwest Caucasian
• Uralic
• "Altaic" (3 families)
  • Turkic
  • Mongolic
  • Tungusic
• "Paleosiberian" (6 families)
  • Yeniseian
  • Chukotko-Kamchatkan
  • Yukaghir
  • Nivkh
  • Ainu
  • Koreanic
• Eskimo–Aleut

References

1. Владение украинским языком в России в разрезе этнических групп / Завьялов А. В. Социальная адаптация украинских иммигрантов : монография / А. В. Завьялов. – Иркутск : Изд-во ИГУ, 2017. – 179 с.
2. Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2019). "Glottolog". 4.1. Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.

External links

• Languages of European Russia (Ethnologue)
• Languages of Asian Russia (Ethnologue)
• Indigenous Minority Languages of Russia: Bibliographical guide