List of S.L. Benfica players

Sport Lisboa e Benfica is a Portuguese professional football team based in São Domingos de Benfica, Lisbon.[1][lower-alpha 1] The club was formed in 1904 and played its first competitive match on 4 November 1906, when it entered the inaugural edition of the Campeonato de Lisboa.[4][5] They won their first title in 1910,[6] and their first nationwide club competition in 1930, the Campeonato de Portugal, a knockout competition which determined the Portuguese champion among the winners of the regional championships.[7][8] In 1934, an experimental league competition known as Primeira Liga was introduced in Portuguese football. Due to its success among the clubs, it became the official top-tier championship in 1938, in place of the Campeonato de Portugal.[7] Since its first edition, Benfica have won a record 37 titles.[9] Internationally, they won the European Cup twice, in 1961 and 1962.[9]

This article is about S.L. Benfica players with at least 100 appearances. For a list of all Benfica players with a Wikipedia article, see Category:S.L. Benfica footballers. For the current Benfica squad, see S.L. Benfica § First-team squad.

Eusébio is Benfica's all-time top goalscorer.

Since their first competitive match, more than 750 players have appeared in first-team matches for the club, and almost 150 have made at least 100 appearances. Six former players went on to be first-team managers: Fernando Caiado, José Augusto, Toni, Artur Jorge, Shéu, and Fernando Chalana.[10] Benfica's record appearance maker is Nené, who played 575 matches during his record 18-year career at the club; he is followed by António Veloso and Luisão, each with 538 appearances in 15 seasons.[11] Manuel Bento, who appeared 465 times for the club, is the oldest player to have played for Benfica. He was 41 years and 298 days when he played against Belenenses on 20 May 1990.[12]

Eusébio is the club's top goalscorer with 474 goals in 15 seasons, 317 of which were scored in league matches.[13][14] Ten players have made more than 400 appearances, including four members of the 1961 European Cup-winning team.[11][15] Other than Eusébio, only two players, Nené and José Águas, have scored more than 300 goals for the club.[11]

Key
  • The list is ordered by date of debut.
  • Appearances as a substitute are included.
  • Statistics are correct up to and including the match played on 1 August 2020. Where a player left the club permanently after this date, his statistics are updated to the date of departure.
Positions key
Pre-1960s 1960s–
GK Goalkeeper
FB Full back DF Defender
HB Half back MF Midfielder
FW Forward
U Utility player
Position
Playing positions are listed according to the tactical formations that were employed at the time. Thus the change in the names of defensive and midfield positions reflects the tactical evolution that occurred from the 1960s onwards.
Club career
Club career is defined as the first and last calendar years in which the player appeared for the club in any of the competitions listed below.
League appearances and League goals
League appearances and goals comprise those in the Campeonato de Lisboa and the Primeira Liga. Starting in the 1934–35 season, appearances are only counted in the Primeira Liga.
Total appearances and Total goals
Total appearances and goals comprise those in the Primeira Liga, Taça de Portugal (including in the early denomination as Campeonato de Portugal), Taça da Liga, Supertaça, European Cup/Champions League, UEFA Cup/Europa League, and defunct competitions such as Campeonato de Lisboa, Latin Cup, Cup Winners' Cup, Inter-Cities Fairs Cup and Intercontinental Cup
International team
Countries are listed only for players who have been selected for international football. Only the highest level of international competition is given, except where a player competed for more than one country, in which case the highest level reached for each country is shown.
Caps
For players having played at full international level, the caps column counts the number of such appearances during their career with the club. All information relating to international teams, including number of caps won while with the club, is sourced to Tovar (2012), pp. 679–761, unless otherwise noted.

Players with 100 or more appearances
José Águas is Benfica's second-highest all-time goalscorer.
José Torres (left) played for Benfica for 12 years, winning nine league titles.
Mário Coluna represented Benfica in 525 games, the third highest number in club history.
António Simões made 447 appearances for Benfica.
Shéu made 487 appearances for Benfica.
António Veloso has, alongside Luisão, the second-highest number of appearances for Benfica, with 538.
Óscar Cardozo scored 172 goals for Benfica, more than any other foreigner.
Luisão made 538 appearances for Benfica, the second-highest number alongside Veloso.
Haris Seferović is the most recent player to have made his 100th appearance.
Table of players, including playing position, club statistics and international team
Player Pos Club career Apps Goals Apps Goals International team Caps Notes Refs
League Total
Jesus Crespo FW1917–19291013910139 Portugal1 [16]
Jorge Tavares FW1924–1932923311643 Portugal3 [17]
Vítor Silva FW1927–19367962132108 Portugal19 [lower-alpha 2][18][19]
Gustavo Teixeira FB1932–19397101572 Portugal9[20]
Francisco Albino HB1932–19451721234321 Portugal10[21]
Rogério Sousa FW1932–19406846168100——[22]
Gaspar Pinto FB1934–194615343186 Portugal5[23]
Alfredo Valadas FW1934–194413686264158 Portugal4[24]
Joaquim Alcobia HB1936–1937
1938–1945		5401081——[21]
Guilherme Espírito Santo FW1936–195011779211152 Portugal8[25]
César Ferreira HB1938–19465001111——[26]
Francisco Ferreira HB1938–19522652339834 Portugal25[27]
António Martins GK1938–194714102650 Portugal1[28]
Joaquim Teixeira FW1938–19468766173121 Portugal1[29]
Julinho FW1942–1953144154200205 Portugal1[30]
Rogério Pipi FW1942–1954212125320212 Portugal15[22]
Arsénio Duarte FW1943–1955223154299220 Portugal2[31]
Jacinto Marques FB1943–1953
1954–1957		20202510——[32]
Félix Antunes FB1944–195414821883 Portugal15[33]
Francisco Moreira HB1944–195420242664 Portugal7[34]
Joaquim Fernandes FB1945–195419112271——[33]
Eduardo Corona FW1946–19531023712757——[35]
José Bastos GK1949–195914201970——[36]
José Águas FW1950–1963281290383379 Portugal25[lower-alpha 3][11][17]
Artur Santos FB1950–196122902840 Portugal2[31]
Fernando Caiado FB1952–19591181714122 Portugal16[lower-alpha 4][10][37]
Ângelo Martins FB1952–196523132854 Portugal20[38]
Francisco Palmeiro HB1953–19611063611436 Portugal3[39]
Alfredo Abrantes HB1954–196010911401 Portugal1[40]
Domiciano Cavém U1954–197027977416106 Portugal18[41]
Mário Coluna HB1954–197036489525127 Portugal57[lower-alpha 5][11][35]
Alberto Costa Pereira GK1954–196725303590 Portugal22[35]
Joaquim Santana FW1956–19671045116179 Portugal5[42]
Manuel Serra FB1956–19637001090 Portugal1[43]
José Neto FB1958–196610451556——[44]
José Augusto FW1959–1970246104369175 Portugal43[lower-alpha 4][10][17]
Fernando Cruz FB1959–197022703441 Portugal11[16]
José Torres FW1959–1971173151259226 Portugal31[45]
Eusébio FW1960–1975301317440473 Portugal64[lower-alpha 6][11][46]
Humberto Fernandes DF1960–19695701060——[47]
Germano de Figueiredo DF1960–19667541316 Portugal17[48]
António Simões FW1961–19753104644772 Portugal46[49]
Raúl Machado DF1962–196912321937 Portugal11[50]
Jacinto Santos DF1962–1971114516610 Portugal5[32]
Amândio Malta da Silva DF1964–1965
1966–1976		13811921 Portugal5[51]
Adolfo Calisto DF1966–197514132055 Portugal15[52]
Diamantino Costa FW1966–1968
1969–1977		84812222——[53]
José Henrique GK1966–197921702990 Portugal15[54]
Jaime Graça MF1966–19751591922929 Portugal24[32]
Humberto Coelho DF1968–1975
1977–1984		3555649881 Portugal64[47]
Nené FW1968–1986423264575360 Portugal66[lower-alpha 7][55][11][56]
Toni MF1968–19812971639223 Portugal33[lower-alpha 4][10][45]
Artur Jorge FW1969–19759574130105 Portugal13[lower-alpha 4][10][31]
Vítor Martins MF1969–19781492219128 Portugal3[19]
Messias DF1969–19778911232 Portugal6[57]
António Barros DF1970–1971
1973–1977		8001063 Portugal8[36]
Vítor Baptista FW1971–1977974215163 Portugal8[19]
Artur Correia DF1971–197712431593 Portugal26[31]
Rui Jordão FW1971–1976906312781 Portugal12[58]
Manuel Bento GK1972–199032804650 Portugal63[lower-alpha 8][12][59]
Shéu MF1972–19893493348745 Portugal24[lower-alpha 4][10][49]
Bastos Lopes DF1972–198727743914 Portugal10[38]
Fernando Chalana FW1975–1984
1987–1990		2243631047 Portugal27[lower-alpha 4][10][60]
Eurico Gomes DF1975–19798911141 Portugal4[46]
Alberto Fonseca DF1976–19809211231 Portugal7[52]
José Luís MF1976–1978
1979–1987		1601822421 Portugal4[54]
Minervino Pietra DF1976–19862271931324 Portugal23[61]
João Alves MF1978–1983972814132 Portugal17[62]
Reinaldo Gomes FW1978–1982854811759 Portugal3[50]
Diamantino Miranda MF1978–1980
1982–1990		2706230283 Portugal19[53]
Carlos Manuel DF1979–19882154031858 Portugal42[63]
António Veloso DF1980–199541995389 Portugal40[lower-alpha 9][11][64]
Álvaro Magalhães DF1981–199017762618 Portugal20[40]
António Oliveira DF1982–19879831465 Portugal3[65]
Michael Manniche FW1983–1987894713275 Denmark2[51]
Samuel Quina DF1983–1991
1992–1993		11711592——[42]
Adelino Nunes MF1984–1988741011020 Portugal6[44]
Wando FW1984–1988911213923——[66]
Rui Águas FW1985–1988
1990–1994		17377237104 Portugal22[67]
William DF1985–1988
1990–1994		971113414——[66]
César Brito FW1985–19951002114436 Portugal10[26]
Neno GK1985–1987
1990–1995		10001330 Portugal5[56]
José Carlos DF1986–1987
1989–1993		9931353 Portugal1[17]
Silvino Louro GK1986–199418402630 Portugal19[49]
Mats Magnusson FW1987–19921226516484 Sweden20[51]
Carlos Mozer DF1987–1989
1992–1995		1201116114 Brazil3[68]
António Pacheco FW1987–19931623021848 Portugal6[39]
Valdo MF1988–1991
1995–1997		1382018328 Brazil31[24]
Ricardo Gomes DF1988–1991
1995–1996		1002314026 Brazil22[69]
Vítor Paneira MF1988–19952072828844 Portugal44[39]
Paulo Madeira DF1989–1995
1997–2002		16942257 Portugal22[70]
Paulo Sousa MF1989–19938711122 Portugal9[70]
Jonas Thern MF1989–199271810110 Sweden26[29]
Isaías FW1990–19951255217871——[47]
Rui Costa MF1991–1994
2006–2008		1211817829 Portugal8[71]
Stefan Schwarz DF1991–199477711210 Sweden25[42]
Hélder DF1992–1996
2002–2004		1661122916 Portugal26[72]
João Pinto FW1992–20002206430290 Portugal55[73]
Michel Preud'homme GK1994–199914701990 Belgium3[74][75]
José Calado MF1995–200113841888 Portugal2[37]
Ronaldo Guiaro DF1996–200111141405——[67]
Karel Poborský MF1996–2001611111217 Czech Republic35[74]
Nuno Gomes FW1997–2000
2002–2011		293125398166 Portugal60[65]
Miguel DF2000–20051311216113 Portugal23[57]
Mantorras FW2001–20101012912931 Angola29[76][77]
José Moreira GK2001–201111201480 Portugal1[34]
Simão FW2001–20071727623094 Portugal48[49]
Zlatko Zahovič MF2001–2005801410220 Slovenia23[78]
Petit MF2002–20081481221214 Portugal44[79]
Ricardo Rocha DF2002–200711531623 Portugal6[69]
Geovanni FW2003–2006911613123——[48]
Luisão DF2003–20183372653847 Brazil35[lower-alpha 10][80][81][82][83]
Quim GK2004–201014401840 Portugal11[74]
Léo DF2005–20098211272——[84]
Nélson DF2005–20087201072——[56]
Kostas Katsouranis MF2006–2009801012215 Greece31[85]
Rúben Amorim MF2007–2011
2013–2015		9551546 Portugal14[86][87]
Ángel Di María FW2007–201076712415 Argentina4[88]
Óscar Cardozo FW2007–2014175112293172 Paraguay43[89][90]
David Luiz DF2007–20118241316 Brazil4[88]
Maxi Pereira DF2007–20152121333321 Uruguay91[91][92]
Pablo Aimar MF2008–20131071217917 Argentina1[93]
Carlos Martins MF2008–2011
2012–2014		79613311 Portugal10[94][95]
Javi García MF2009–201274613214 Spain1[62][96]
Javier Saviola FW2009–2012692412239——[43]
Nicolás Gaitán MF2010–20161522525341 Argentina8[97][98]
Eduardo Salvio MF2010–2011
2012–2019		1663826662 Argentina10[99][100]
Ezequiel Garay DF2011–201478913612 Argentina24[101][102]
Jardel DF2011–1571126616——[103]
Rodrigo FW2011–2014682712045——[104]
Artur GK2011–20158501440——[105]
Enzo Pérez MF2011
2012–2014		70911710 Argentina10[106][107]
Lima FW2012–2015895314470——[108]
André Almeida DF2012–174927710 Portugal8[109][110]
Ljubomir Fejsa MF2013–202011411692 Serbia12[111][112]
Pizzi MF2014–1885628175 Portugal15[lower-alpha 11][115][116]
Andreas Samaris MF2014–12641874 Greece32[117][118]
Jonas FW2014–2019132110183137 Brazil4[119][120]
Eliseu DF2014–20187541094 Portugal25[121][122]
Raúl Jiménez FW2015–2018801812031 Mexico30[123][124]
Franco Cervi MF2016–1001115120 Argentina4[125][126]
Álex Grimaldo DF2016–104715810——[127]
Rafa Silva MF2016–912913637 Portugal8[128][129]
Rúben Dias DF2017–89813411 Portugal17[130][131]
Haris Seferović FW2017–813212543  Switzerland23[132][133]

Players with fewer than 100 appearances
Main article: List of S.L. Benfica players (25–99 appearances)

Footnotes
  1. Originally located in Benfica;[2] in 1959, the parish was split in two, with Estádio da Luz located in the new parish.[3]
  2. Player with the most hat-tricks for Benfica, aged 17
  3. Second overall for both league and total goals scored
  4. Player who later became first-team head coach
  5. Third overall in number of appearances
  6. He holds the club record for total goals scored, league goals scored, and goals scored in a top-flight season (42, in 1967–68).
  7. He holds the club record for both league and overall appearances, and is joint-first with Bento in consecutive seasons at Benfica (18).
  8. Oldest to play for Benfica, aged 41
  9. Second overall in number of appearances
  10. He holds the club record for most trophies won (20) and matches as captain.
  11. These statistics are missing a league goal because Soccerway attributes Pizzi's goal in a 2–0 away win over Braga on 30 November 2015 to Stanislav Kritsyuk as an own goal. According to Liga Portugal (official source) and Benfica, Pizzi scored that goal.[113][114]
gollark: Does it print `done!` at least?
gollark: I think the issue is that your `bot` is separate from the `client` and never actually started up.
gollark: ·Oh, `bot.run`, right.
gollark: ```pythonfrom transformers import GPT2LMHeadModel, GPT2Tokenizerimport discord.extfrom discord.ext import commandsTOKEN = 'NOT TELLING YOU'bot = commands.Bot(command_prefix='$')@bot.eventasync def on_ready(): print("done!")@bot.command()async def test(ctx, arg): inputs = arg # initialize tokenizer and model from pretrained GPT2 model tokenizer = GPT2Tokenizer.from_pretrained('gpt2') model = GPT2LMHeadModel.from_pretrained('gpt2') outputs = model.generate( inputs, max_length=200, do_sample=True, temperature=1, top_k=50 ) response = (tokenizer.decode(outputs[0], skip_special_tokens=True)) await ctx.send(response)client.run(TOKEN)```
gollark: Yes, you can just use `@bot.event` or something.

References

General

  • Tovar, Rui Miguel (2012). Almanaque do Benfica [Benfica's Almanac] (in Portuguese). Alfragide: Lua de Papel. ISBN 978-989-23-2087-8.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Pereira, Luís Miguel (2014). Bíblia do Benfica [Benfica's Bible] (in Portuguese). Carcavelos: PrimeBooks. ISBN 978-989-655-215-2.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)

Specific

  1. "Sport Lisboa e Benfica, Futebol, SAD". Liga Portugal (in Portuguese). Retrieved 20 April 2016.
  2. Tovar 2012, p. 15.
  3. "História de São Domingos de Benfica" [History of São Domingos de Benfica]. Junta de Freguesia de São Domingos de Benfica (in Portuguese). Retrieved 20 April 2016.
  4. Pereira 2014, p. 19.
  5. Tovar 2012, p. 18.
  6. Tovar 2012, p. 37.
  7. Claro, Paulo (19 May 2016). "Campeonato de Portugal 1921–1938". Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation. Retrieved 3 August 2016.
  8. Tovar 2012, p. 104.
  9. "Honours". Liga Portuguesa de Futebol Profissional. Retrieved 3 August 2016.
  10. Pereira 2014, p. 78.
  11. Tovar 2012, p. 770.
  12. Pereira 2014, p. 87.
  13. Pereira 2014, p. 135.
  14. Pereira 2014, p. 45.
  15. "400 jogos oficiais de Luisão de "águia ao peito"" [400 official games for Luisão with the Benfica shirt] (in Portuguese). SL Benfica. 25 February 2014. Archived from the original on 5 July 2014. Retrieved 20 April 2016.
  16. Tovar 2012, p. 699.
  17. Tovar 2012, p. 720.
  18. Pereira 2014, p. 91.
  19. Tovar 2012, p. 759.
  20. Tovar 2012, p. 713.
  21. Tovar 2012, p. 681.
  22. Tovar 2012, p. 747.
  23. Tovar 2012, p. 710.
  24. Tovar 2012, p. 757.
  25. Tovar 2012, p. 704.
  26. Tovar 2012, p. 696.
  27. Tovar 2012, p. 709.
  28. Tovar 2012, p. 729.
  29. Tovar 2012, p. 755.
  30. Tovar 2012, p. 722.
  31. Tovar 2012, p. 687.
  32. Tovar 2012, p. 716.
  33. Tovar 2012, p. 706.
  34. Tovar 2012, p. 733.
  35. Tovar 2012, p. 698.
  36. Tovar 2012, p. 689.
  37. Tovar 2012, p. 693.
  38. Tovar 2012, p. 685.
  39. Tovar 2012, p. 738.
  40. Tovar 2012, p. 682.
  41. Tovar 2012, p. 695.
  42. Tovar 2012, p. 750.
  43. Tovar 2012, p. 751.
  44. Tovar 2012, p. 736.
  45. Tovar 2012, p. 756.
  46. Tovar 2012, p. 705.
  47. Tovar 2012, p. 715.
  48. Tovar 2012, p. 711.
  49. Tovar 2012, p. 752.
  50. Tovar 2012, p. 745.
  51. Tovar 2012, p. 726.
  52. Tovar 2012, p. 680.
  53. Tovar 2012, p. 701.
  54. Tovar 2012, p. 721.
  55. Pereira 2014, p. 108.
  56. Tovar 2012, p. 735.
  57. Tovar 2012, p. 731.
  58. Tovar 2012, p. 719.
  59. Tovar 2012, p. 690.
  60. Tovar 2012, p. 697.
  61. Tovar 2012, p. 743.
  62. Tovar 2012, p. 717.
  63. Tovar 2012, p. 694.
  64. Tovar 2012, p. 758.
  65. Tovar 2012, p. 737.
  66. Tovar 2012, p. 760.
  67. Tovar 2012, p. 748.
  68. Tovar 2012, p. 734.
  69. Tovar 2012, p. 746.
  70. Tovar 2012, p. 740.
  71. Tovar 2012, p. 749.
  72. Tovar 2012, p. 714.
  73. Tovar 2012, p. 718.
  74. Tovar 2012, p. 744.
  75. "Michel Preud'homme - International Appearances". rsssf. 31 March 2011. Archived from the original on 9 March 2016. Retrieved 4 February 2016.
  76. Tovar 2012, p. 727.
  77. Mantorras at National-Football-Teams.com
  78. Tovar 2012, p. 761.
  79. Tovar 2012, p. 742.
  80. Pedro Calhau (28 April 2015). "Luisão passou Coluna: "Ele dar-lhe-ia os parabéns"" [Luisão surpassed Coluna: "He was going to congratulate him"]. Mais Futebol (in Portuguese). Retrieved 13 April 2016.
  81. "Luisão: Mais um marco histórico do capitão!" [Luisão: Another historic mark for the captain!]. SL Benfica (in Portuguese). 5 August 2017. Retrieved 5 August 2017.
  82. "Luisão". Soccerway. Retrieved 9 March 2019.
  83. Tovar 2012, p. 725.
  84. Tovar 2012, p. 724.
  85. Tovar 2012, p. 723.
  86. "Rúben Amorim". Soccerway. Retrieved 9 March 2019.
  87. Rúben Amorim at National-Football-Teams.com
  88. Tovar 2012, p. 700.
  89. "Oscar Cardozo". Soccerway. Retrieved 9 March 2019.
  90. Óscar Cardozo at National-Football-Teams.com
  91. "Maxi Pereira". Soccerway. Retrieved 9 March 2019.
  92. Maxi Pereira at National-Football-Teams.com
  93. "Pablo Aimar". Soccerway. Retrieved 9 March 2019.
  94. "Carlos Martins". Soccerway. Retrieved 9 March 2019.
  95. Carlos Martins at National-Football-Teams.com
  96. Javi García at National-Football-Teams.com
  97. "Nicolás Gaitán". Soccerway. Retrieved 9 March 2019.
  98. Nicolás Gaitán at National-Football-Teams.com
  99. "Eduardo Salvio". Soccerway. Retrieved 9 March 2019.
  100. Eduardo Salvio at National-Football-Teams.com
  101. "Ezequiel Garay". Soccerway. Retrieved 9 March 2019.
  102. Ezequiel Garay at National-Football-Teams.com
  103. "Jardel". Soccerway. Retrieved 9 March 2019.
  104. "Rodrigo". Soccerway. Retrieved 9 March 2019.
  105. "Artur". Soccerway. Retrieved 9 March 2019.
  106. "Enzo Pérez". Soccerway. Retrieved 9 March 2019.
  107. Enzo Pérez at National-Football-Teams.com
  108. "Lima". Soccerway. Retrieved 9 March 2019.
  109. "André Almeida". Soccerway. Retrieved 9 March 2019.
  110. André Almeida at National-Football-Teams.com
  111. "Fejsa". Soccerway. Retrieved 9 March 2019.
  112. Ljubomir Fejsa at National-Football-Teams.com
  113. "SC Braga 0–2 Benfica". Liga Portugal (in Portuguese). Retrieved 15 September 2019.
  114. "O orgulho de Pizzi pelos 50 golos com a camisola do Benfica" [Pizzi's pride for his 50th goal with Benfica's shirt]. S.L. Benfica (in Portuguese). 13 August 2019. Retrieved 14 September 2019.
  115. "Pizzi". Soccerway. Retrieved 14 September 2019.
  116. Pizzi at National-Football-Teams.com
  117. "Samaris". Soccerway. Retrieved 9 March 2019.
  118. Andreas Samaris at National-Football-Teams.com
  119. "Jonas". Soccerway. Retrieved 9 March 2019.
  120. Jonas at National-Football-Teams.com
  121. "Eliseu". Soccerway. Retrieved 9 March 2019.
  122. Eliseu at National-Football-Teams.com
  123. "Raúl Jiménez". Soccerway.com. Retrieved 9 March 2019.
  124. Raúl Jiménez at National-Football-Teams.com
  125. "Franco Cervi". Soccerway.com. Retrieved 9 March 2019.
  126. Franco Cervi at National-Football-Teams.com
  127. "Álex Grimaldo". Soccerway.com. Retrieved 9 March 2019.
  128. "Rafa Silva". Soccerway.com. Retrieved 9 March 2019.
  129. Rafa Silva at National-Football-Teams.com
  130. "Rubén Dias". Soccerway.com. Retrieved 9 March 2019.
  131. "Rubén Dias". National Football Teams. Benjamin Strack-Zimmerman. Retrieved 7 August 2018.
  132. "Haris Seferović". Soccerway.com. Retrieved 9 March 2019.
  133. "Haris Seferović". National Football Teams. Benjamin Strack-Zimmerman. Retrieved 15 April 2018.

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