List of Latinised names

The Latinisation of names in the vernacular was a procedure deemed necessary for the sake of conformity by scribes and authors when incorporating references to such persons in Latin texts. The procedure was used in the era of the Roman Republic and Empire. It was used continuously by the Papacy from the earliest times, in religious tracts and in diplomatic and legal documents. It was used by the early European monasteries. Following the Norman Conquest of England, it was used by the Anglo-Norman clerics and scribes when drawing up charters. Its use was revived in the Renaissance when the new learning was written down in Latin and drew much on the work of Greek, Arabic and other non-Latin ancient authors. Contemporary Italian and European scholars also needed to be Latinised to be quoted in such treatises. The different eras produced their own styles and peculiarities. Sophistication was the trademark of the Renaissance Latinisers. The Anglo-Norman scribes on the other hand were not so learned, and often simply translated the vernacular name into Latin words based on similar sounds, without much effort to make sense or to avoid absurdity, which produced some strange results.

Coined in era of Imperial Rome

Iesus, Iesus Nazarenus, Iesus Christus (Yĕhošūa‘)
Boadicea (Boudica)

Coined in the Early Middle Ages

Clovis (Clodovech, Frankish King)
Carolus Magnus (Karl)
Mahomet or Mahometus (Muhammad)
Moses Maimonides (Moshe ben Maimon)
Odoacer (Audawakrs)
Caecilius (Aksel)

Coined in the Renaissance and onwards

The University of Salamanca translated the name of the Japanese princes Akihito and Michiko as Akihitus and Michika for their 1985 visit.

Abulcasis (Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi)
Gustavus II Adolphus (Gustav II Adolf)
Leo Africanus (Al-Hassan al-Wazzan al-Fasi)
Alexander Agricola (Alexander Ackerman)
Georgius Agricola (Georg Pawer)
Albatenius (Muhammad ibn Jābir al-Harrānī al-Battānī)
Aldus Manutius (Aldo Manuzio)
Algoritmi (Muhammad ibn Mūsā al-Khwārizmī)
Alhacen (Abū ʿAlī al-Ḥasan ibn al-Ḥasan ibn al-Haytham)
Alpetragius (Nur ed-Din al-Betrugi)
Alphonsus (various rulers named Alfonso)
Abunaser Alpharabius (Abū Nasr Muhammad ibn al-Farakh al-Fārābi)
Amadeus Avogadro (Amadeo Avogadro)
Americus Vespucius (Amerigo Vespucci)
Anselmus Cantuariensis (Anselmo d'Aosta)
Petrus Apianus (Peter Apian)
Thomas Aquinas (Tommaso d'Aquino)
Guido Aretinus (Guido d'Arezzo)
Jacobus Arminius (Jacob Harmenszoon)
Arzachel (Abū Ishāq Ibrāhīm al-Zarqālī)
Augustinus Cantuariensis (Augustine of Canterbury)
Avempace (Ibn Bajjah)
Avenzoar (Ibn Zuhr)
Averroes (Ibn Rushd)
Avicenna (Ibn Sina Abū ‘Alī al-Husayn)
Azophi (Abd al-Rahman al-Sufi)
Johannes Balbus (Giovanni Balbi)
Caspar Barlaeus (Caspar van Baerle)
Benedictus de Spinoza (Baruch Spinoza)
Hermann Bonnus (Hermann von Bunne)
Carolus Borromeus (Carlo Borromeo)
Hieronymus Bosch (Jeroen Bosch)
Brocardus (Burchard)
Calid (Khalid ibn Yazid)
Camellus (Georg Joseph Kamel)
(de) Candia ( "of Crete")

Pedro de Candia

Gaulterio de Candia

Peter of Candia

Hieronymus Cardanus (Gerolamo Cardano)
Renatus Cartesius (René Descartes)
Conrad Celtes (Conrad Pickel)
Aelius Lampridius Cervinus (Ilija Crijević or Elio Lampridio Cerva)
Clavius (Christoph Clau or Klau)
Johannes Coccejus (Johannes Koch)
Iohannes Cochanovius (Jan Kochanowski)
Christophorus Columbus (Cristòffa Cómbo/Cristoforo Colombo)
Iohannes Comenius (Jan Amos Komenský)
Confucius (Kong Fuzi)
Nicolaus Copernicus (Niklas Koppernigk)
Laurentius Corvinus (Lorenz Rabe)
Gerardus Cremonensis (Gerardo da Cremona)
Nicolaus Cusanus (Nikolaus von Kues)
Dreses (Muhammad al-Idrisi)
Desiderius Erasmus (Gerrit Gerritszoon)
Thomas Erastus (Thomas Lieber or Lüber)
Thomas Erpenius (Thomas van Erpe)
Leonhardus Eulerus (Leonhard Euler)
Eustachius (Bartolomeo Eustachi)
Hieronymus Fabricius (Girolamo Fabrizi)
Fallopius (Gabriele Falloppio)
Marsilius Ficinus (Marsilio Ficino)
Armen Firman (Abbas ibn Firnas)
Hieronymus Fracastorius (Girolamo Fracastoro)
Iohannes Freinsheimius (Johann Freinsheim)
Gemma Frisius (Jemme Reinerszoon)
Nikolaus Gallus (Nikolaus Hahn)
Siddarthus Gautamus (Siddhārtha Gautama, Buddha)
Geber (Jābir ibn Hayyān)
Geber (Jabir ibn Aflah)
Gersonides (Levi ben Gershom)
Hugo Grotius (Huig de Groot or Hugo de Groot)
Joseph Guarnerius (Giuseppe Guarneri)
Johannes Hevelius (Johannes Hewelcke)
Jodocus Hondius (Joost de Hondt)
Christianus Hugenius (Christiaan Huygens)
Martinus Hylacomylus or Ilacomilus (Martin Waldseemüller)
Cornelius Iansenius (Cornelius Jansen)
Iohannes Iessenius (János Jeszenszky or Ján Jesenský)
Ignatius de Loyola (Ignacio de Loyola)
Jacobus de Cessolis (Jacopo da Cessole)
Jesu Occulist (Ali Ibn Isa)
Johannes Antonius Scopoli (Giovanni Antonio Scopoli)
Johannitius (Hunayn ibn Ishaq)
Iohannes Keplerus (Johannes Kepler)
John Caius (John Keys)
Laocius (Lao Zi)
Orlandus Lassus (Orlande de Lassus or Orlando di Lasso)
Aloysius Lilius (Luigi Giglio)
Carolus Linnaeus (Carl Linnaeus)
Iustus Lipsius (Joost Lips)
Georgius Macropedius (Joris van Lanckvelt)
Magellanus (Fernão de Magalhães)
Mencius (Meng Zi)
Gerardus Mercator (Gheert Cremer or Gerard de Cremer)
Morinus (Jean-Baptiste Morin)
Joannes Morinus (Jean Morin)
Thomas Morus (Thomas More)
Ben Mousa (Banū Mūsā)
Nostradamus (Michel de Nostredame)
Abraham Ortelius (Abraham Ortels or Hortels)
Ianus Pannonius (János Csezmicei or Ivan Česmički)
Philippus Theophrastus Aureolus Bombastus von Hohenheim; Paracelsus (Phillip von Hohenheim)
Pierius Magnus (Pier Gerlofs Donia)
Franciscus Patricius (Frane Petrić/Petris/Petrišević, Francesco Patrizi da Cherso)
Petrus Plancius (Pieter Platevoet )
Purbachius (Georg von Peuerbach)
Regiomontanus (Johannes Müller von Königsberg)
Johannes Rhodius (Hinne Rode)
Andreas Rivetus (André Rivet)
Antonius Maria Schyrleus de Rheita (Antonín Maria Šírek z Reity)
Carolus Sigonius (Carlo Sigonio or Sigone)
Willibrordus Snellius (Willibrord Snel)
Socinus (Lelio Sozzini)
Faustus Socinus (Fausto Paolo Sozzini)
Johannes Stadius (Jan Van Ostaeyen or Jean Stade)
Nicolaus Stenonis (Niels Steensen)
Antonius Stradivarius (Antonio Stradivari)
Actius Syncerus (Jacopo Sannazaro)
Abubacer Aben Tofail (Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn Abd al-Malik ibn Muhammad ibn Tufail)
Tusi (Nasīr al-Dīn al-Tūsī)
Tycho Brahe (Tyge Ottesen Brahe)
Jacobus Tillaeus (Jacques Cappel)
Guido Ubaldus (Guidobaldo del Monte)
Andreas Vesalius (Andries van Wesel)
Gisbertus Voetius (Gijsbert Voet)

Humanist names with Latin and Greek elements

In central European circles of academia and ecclesial writers, a specific practice of Latinisation arose during the 15th century with the rediscovery of ancient literature. Thereby writers would seek connection to the ancient writers by taking up surnames or international pen names. We encounter names that follow naming conventions of those ancient languages, especially Latin and Greek, so the occasional Greek names for the same function are also included here.

Especially in the German-speaking regions the use of a “Humanistenname” or “Gelehrtenname” was common for many an academic, cleric, and secular administrative who wished to ascend in societal rank. The other region where the practice became equally common was 1600s Scandinavia and the Swedish Baltic colonies where this practice was called 'lärda namn' or 'humanistnamn' [1]. Further reasons for assuming such internationally recognisable names, especially in Scandinavia, included leaving agrarian conditions behind and embracing an urban and cosmopolitan way of life. [2] Some academics never had a surname nor a patronymic surname as per their region of origin. However, academics came to Central European universities from all corners of Europe, with surnames from rare languages, so clarity in distinguishing students was necessary. Some Latinizations and Grecizations are exact vernacular translations of profession surnames or dwelling names, but others seem to bear no known connection or resemblance. Humanist names reached varying degrees of stability and heritability, and some exist to this day.[3][4]

Some humanist names derived from common professions as replacements of the vernacular term, and were found throughout Central European university cities. They included:

Abiectarius (Carpenter, e.g. “Schreiner”)
Actuarius (scribe professions, e.g. “Schreiber”)
Agricola (Farmer, e.g. “Bauer”)
Aurifaber (Goldsmith)
Braseator (Brewer, e.g. “Brauer”)
Campanus (Clockmaker)
latinized Chytraeus or grecisized Obsopoeus (Cook, e.g. “Koch)
Institor (Teacher)
Iudex (Judge)
Mercator (most merchant professions)
Molitor (Miller, e.g. “Müller”)
Olearius (Oilmaker, e.g. “Ölmüller”)
Pannifex (Cloth-maker, e.g. “Weber”)
Pellifex (Skinner)
Piscator (Fisher)
Praetorius (Watchman)
Rotifex (Wheeler)
Tectander or Xilotectus (Carpenter, e.g. “Zimmermann”)

Some humanist surnames that were not clearly based on profession or location included:

Argillander (argillos – white clay)
Cajander (kaiuos – new)
Colliander (koloios – jackdaw)
Creander (kriós – ram, stag)
Domander (dómos – house)
Gallus (rooster)
Kellander (kelaiuos – black)
Levander (leuo – stone)
Lupus (wolf, e.g. “Wulff”)
Melanchthon (“Schwartzerdt”)
Neander (neos – new, e.g. “Neumann”)
Nikander (nike – victory)
Oinotomos (“Schneidewein”)
Picander (píkros – sharp)
Polviander (possibly from polus – many)
Silander (silouros – shadfish)
Valiander, Wallander (ualos – glass) [5]

Other sources of English Latinized names

GEC Complete Peerage (1913) states concerning the Latinization of English names:[6] "When a clerk had to render a name in a charter he usually sought for the nearest Latin equivalent, sometimes took a correct one, as "de Bello Campo" for "Beauchamp"; sometimes a grotesque one". The latter refers to the mediaeval Anglo-Norman family of Orescuilz, which held amongst others the Somersetshire manor of Sandford Orcas (named after it),[7] whose surname was Latinised as de Aureis Testiculis,[8][9] from French "Couilles[10] d'Or".

Andrew Wright

A list of "Latin forms of English surnames" is included as an appendix in Andrew Wright's Court Hand Restored, or the Student's Assistant in reading Old Deeds, Charters, Records, etc,[11] published in 9 editions up to 1879.

Charles Trice Martin

In 1910 Charles Trice Martin expanded on Wright's list (the 9th edition of which he had edited) in his The record interpreter : a collection of abbreviations, Latin words and names used in English historical manuscripts and records which included a chapter "Latin forms of English Surnames".[12] He acknowledged[13] in compiling his list the assistance of an anonymous work The Norman People and their Existing Descendants (London, 1874).[14] In the preface, p. xi, Martin stated of that chapter: "Many of the [place names and] surnames have been found in classes of records which contain documents in both languages referring to the same case, like the Chancery Proceedings, in which bills and answers are in English and writs in Latin."

Martin stated that some of the Latin names were "due to the ingenuity" of officials and clerks inserting what they thought would be a translation of an English name, being ignorant of its real meaning and history. This led to spurious translations such as Ventus Morbidus (literally "sick wind") for the place name 'Windsor', and de Umbrosa Quercu (literally "from the shady oak") for the surname 'Dimock'. He went on to say that the list includes many names collected from Latin inscriptions on brasses, tombstones, and other monuments, many of them dating to the sixteenth century and later, and said that he had supplied the English equivalents of these from other sources of information.

ABA – Abbott
de ABBACIA – Abbess; Dabbs
de ABBANEIO – Abney
ABBAS – Abbott
de ABRINCIS – D'Avranches; Avranches
ACUTUS – Hawkwood
de ADURNI PORTU – Etherington
de AGNELLIS – Agnew; Dagnall
de AGNIS – Aisnes; Ains
de AILLIO – D'Aile; Alley
ALA CAMPI – Wingfield
de ALBA MARA; de ALBA MARLA – Albemarle; Aumarle
de ALBINEIO – D'Aubeney; Albiney; Albeney
ALBERICUS; ALBREA; ALBRAEUS – Awbrey
de ALBINEIO; ALBINIACO – D'Aubeney; Albiney; Dolben
de ALBO MONASTERIO – Blancmuster; Whitchurch
ALBUS – White
de ALDEDELEGA; de ALDITHELEGA; ALDITHELEIA – Audley
ALEC – Herring
de ALEMANIA – Dalmaine
ALEMANNICUS – Allman
ALESIUS – Alane
de ALNETO – Dawnay; Dannay; Dennett
de ALNO – Daunay
ALSELINUS – Ansell; Ancell
de ALTA RIVA; de ALTA RIPA – de Hauterive; *Dawtrey; Daltry; Hawtrey
de ALTA VILLA – De Hauteville
de ALTA MENILLO – de Hautmesnil
de AMBLIA – De Amblie; Hamley
ANASTASIUS – Anstis
de ANCARIIS – Dancer
de andeuvilla – Hanwell
ANGLICUS -Inglis; England
de ANGULIS – Angell
de ANGULO – del Angle; atte Cornere.
in ANGULO – atte Noke
de ANSA – Daunce
de APIBUS – Bee; Bye (?)
APOTECARIUS -Lespicer; Spicer
APPARITOR – Sumner
de AQUA BLANCA – Egeblaunch; Aygueblanche
de AQUA FRISCA – Freshwater
AQUAPONTANUS – Bridgwater
De AQUILA – Eagle; D'Eagles; Diggles
Arbalistarius – Arblaster; Alabaster
ARCHIDIACONUS – Archdeacon; Arcedeckne
de ARCHIS; ARCIS – D'Arques; Arch; Dark
de ARELA – Harela; Argles
ARCUARIUS – Archer; Larcher
de ARCUSBUS – de Arches; Bowes
De ARENIS – Darens; Darayns; Sandes
de ARGENTOMO – Argetoune
de ARIDA VILLA – Dryton; Dryden
de ARIETE – Herriott
ARMIGER – Arminger
de ARMIS – Harms; Armes
ARUNDELIUS – Arundel
ASCELINUS – Ansell; Ancell
ASCULPHUS – Ayscough; Askew
de ASNERIIS – Daniers; Denyer
de ATRIO – Hall
de AUBEMARA – Albemarle
AUBERICUS – Awbrey
de AUCO; DE AUCA – Owe
de AUGO – D'Eu; Auge; Agg; Dagg
AUGUSTINUS – Austin; Hotine
de AULA – Hall (See also de HAULA)
Ad AULAM – atte Halle; Hall
AUONIUS – Of Northampton
de AUREA VALLE – Dorival; Dorvell; Darvall
de AUREIS TESTICULIS – Orescuilz
de AUREO VADO – Goldford or Guldeford
AURIFABER – Orfeur, an ancient name in *Cumberland
de AURILLA – Overall
de AUTHIERO – d'Authier, Dauthier
de AUTRICO – d'Auxerre; Oxier
de AYNECURIA – Daincourt; Deyncourt
de BA; BAA; BAHA – Baugh
BACCHUS – Backhouse
de BADA – Bath
de BAILOLIO – Baliol
de BAJOCIS – de Bayeux; Bews; Baines
de ABLLIO – Bailey
cum BARBA – Witheberd; Beard
BARBATUS – Barbet; Barbey
BARDULFUS – Bardolph (Stoke Bardolph, Stow Bardolph)
de BARRA – de la Barre; de Barre
BARRARIUS – Le Barrer; Le Barrier
de BATONIA – Bath
de BAUDRIBOSCO – Boldrewood
de BEEUILLA – Beville; Beavill
de BELESMO – de Belesme
de BELLA AQUA – de Bealeawe; Bellew
de BELLA CAMERA – Belchambers
de BELLA FAGO – de Bealfo; Beaufoe; Belfou
de BELLA FIDE – de Beaufoy
de BELLA VILLA – Belville
de BELLO ALNETO – Bellany
de BELLO CAMPO – de Belcamp; Beauchamp
de BELLO CAPITE – Beauchief
de BELLA FOCO – Beaufeu
de BELLO LOCO – Beaulieu; Bewley; Bowley
de BELLO MANSO – Beaumains; Beaumeis
de BELLO MARISCO – Beaumarsh
de BELLO MONTE – Beaumont
de BELLO PORTU – de Baupere
de BELLO PRATO – de Beaupre
de BELLO SITU – Bellasis
de BELLO VERO – de Beuvar; Beauver
de BELLO VISTO – Belvoir
de BELLO VISU – de Beauvise; Bevers
BENIDICTUS – Bennett
de BENEFACTIS – Benfield
BENEUOLIS – Benlows
BERCARIUS – Le Bercher; Barker
BERCATOR – Barker
BERENGARIUS – Barringer
de Bereuilla – de Berville; Burfield; Berewell
de BERNERIIS – Berners
de BEUERLACO – Beverley
BITURICENSIS – de Bourges
de BLANCO PANE – Whitbread
de BLAUIA – de Blaye
de BLITHODUNO – Blyton
de BLOSSEUILLA; BLOSTEUILLA – Bloville; Blofield
de BLOYS – Blew; Bligh
de BLUNDEUILLA – Blundeville; Blomfield; Bloomfield
BLUNDUS – Le Blond; Blundel; Blount. (Feminine is Blunda)
de BOCEO – de Bocy
de BOAUILLA – Bovill
de BOLOGNA – Bullen
de BONA VILLA – Bonville
de BONO DASSATO – Goodrick
BONOIUS – Boleyn
de BOONIA – de Bohun
de BORGEIS – Burges
BORLASIUS – Borlace
de BASCO – Boys; Boyce; Busk; Wood
de BOSCO ARSO – Brentwood
de BOSCO – Borhard
de BOSEUILLA – Boswell
de Botellis – Butler
de BOTERELLIS – Botreaux'Bottrel
de BOULARIA – de Bollers; Buller
de BOUIS VILLA – Bovill
de BRAIOSA – de Braose; Brewis; Brewhouse
BRITO – Le Bretun
de BROILLEIO – de Bruilly; Briley
de BRUERIA – Bryer; Briewer; Brewer
BRUNELLI – Burnell
BRUNUS – Le Brun; Brown
de BUCCA – Buck
de BUCCA UNCTA – de Bouchaine; Buccointe; Budgen
de BUCIS – de Buces; Bouche; Bush
BUDELLUS – de Buelles; Boyle
de BUESUILA – *Bouville; Bousville; Boseville; Bousfield
de BULEMARA – Bulmer
de BULIACO – Buisly; Builly
de BURCO – de Burgh
BURGENSIS – Burges
de BURGO – de Burgh; Burke; Bourke
de BURGO CHARO – Bourchier
BURGUNDIENSIS – de Bourgogne; Bourgoyne; Burgon
de BURNAUILLA – Bernwell; Barnwell
de BURTANA – Burton
de BUSSA VILLA – de *Boseville; Beuzeville; Boscherville
de CABANISIO – de Chalbeneys
de CADOMO – de Caen; Caine
de CADURCIS – de Chaorces; Chaworth
CÆCILIUS – Cecil
de CAHAGNIS; CAHANNIS – Keynes; Keine; Cain
de CAINETO; de CAISNETO; CAINNETO – DE *Quesnay; Chainei; Keynes {?}:Cheyne
CALCEARIUS ; Le Chaucier; Chaucer
CALIXTUS – Killick
de CALLEIO – de Cailly; Cayley
CALUINUS – Caffyn; Chaffyn
de CALUO MONTE – Chaumond
CALUUS – Baud; Bald; Café; Calf; Valver; Callow
de CAMERA – Chambers
de CAMERACO – Gomery
CAMERARIUS – Chamberlayne
de CAMPANIA – de Champaigne; Champneys
CAMPARNULPHUS; de CAMPO ARNULPHUS – Champernoun
de CAMPIS – Descamps; Kemp
de CAMPO AUENE – Campdaveine; Otfield
de CAMPO BELLO – Campbell
de CAMPO FLORIDO; FLORUM – Champfleur
de CAMUILLA – Camvil
de CANCEIO – Chauncey
de CANCELLIS – Chaunceus
de CANETO – Cheyney
de CANIUETO – Knevitt; Knyvett
CANONICUS – Le Chanoin; Cannon
de CANTILUPO – de Cantelou; Cauntelow; Cantlow or Cantello
CANTOR – Le Chaunter; Singer
de CANUILLA – Camville
de CAPELLA – Capel
CAPELLANUS – Caplin; Chaplin
de CAPIS – de Chappes; Cope; Capes
CAPITO – rostete; GrosseTeste; Grosthead; Grouthead
CAPRA – Chevre
de CAPRA – de la Chievre; Cheevers; Chivers
de CAPREOLO – Roebuck
de CAPREOLOCURIA; de CAPRICURIA – Chevercourt
CARACTACUS – Craddock
CARADOCUS – Caradock; Cradock
CARBONARIUS – Carbonel
CARETARIUS – Carter
de CARILOCO – Cherlewe
de CARISIO – de Cerisy
CARNOTENSIS – de Chartres
de CARNOTTO – de Carnoth or Crennach
de CARO LOCO – Carelieu
de CASA DEI – Godshall
de CASINETO; Casneto – See CAINETO
CASTELLANUS – Catlin
de CASTELLIS – de Chasteus
de CASTELLO – de Chastell; Castle; Castell; Chatto
de CASTELLO MAGNO – Castlemain
CASTOR – Bever
de CASTRO – Castell
de CASTOR NOUO – de Castelnau
de CATHEREGE – Catherick; Cartwright
de CAUO MONTE – de Caumont; de Chaumont
CECUS – Cheke
CENOMANNICUS – Maine
de CERASO; de CERICIO – de Cerisy; Cherry
de CCESTRIA – Chester
de CHAHAIGNIS – See de CAHAGNIS
de CHAISNETO – See de CAINETO
de CHALUENNIO – ce Clavigny; Clabone
de CHAMPELLIS/CAMPELLIS – de Champeaux (e.g.William of Champeaux)
de CHAORIS; CHAURCIS; De CHAUWURCIS – Chaworth
CHELIGREUUS – Killigrew
CHENESIS – Chaigne; Le Chesne; Cheyney
CHENTICUS – Kentish
de CHESNETO – See de CAINETO
de CHEURIIS – de Chevrieres; Chaffers
CHIRCHEBEIUS – Kirby; Kirby
de CHRISTI ECCLESIA – de Crissechirche; de *Christecherche
CINOMANNICUS – Maine
de CLARA VILLA – Clareville
CLARANUS – Clare
de CLARIFAGO – Clerfay
de CLARIS VALLIBUS – Clerevaux; Clarival
de CLARO FAGETO – Clerfay
de CLARO MONTE – Clermont; Clermund
CLAVIGER – Clavinger
de CLAVILLA – de Claville; Cleville
de CLAUSO – Close; Class
CLERICUS – Clarke; Cleary
de CLINTONA – Clinton
de CLIUO FORTI – Clifford
de COARDA – de Cowert; Coward
COCUS – Cook; Coke; Cocks
de CODRIA – Cowdry
de COISNERIIS – de Coiners
de COLAUILLA – Colville
de COLDRETO – de Coudray
COLLINUS – Knollys
de COLLO MEDIO – de Colmieu
de COLUMBARIIS – Columbers
de CONCHIS – Shelley
de CONDUCTU – Chenduit
de CONIGERIIS; CONNERIIS- de Coignieres; Conyers
CONSTABULARIUS – le Cunestable; Constable
CORBALDUS – Corbould
de CORCELLA – Churchill
de CORMELIIS – de Cormayles; Cormie
de CORNIOLA – Cornell
de CORNIBIA – Cornwayle
CORNTUS – Horn
CORUESARIUS – Corveser; Corsar
de CORUO SPINÆ – Crowthorn
de CRAMAUILLA – Cranwell
CRASSUS – Le Gros; See also "Grassus"
de CRAUCUMBA – Crowcombe
de CREAUSO – de Grandson; Grandison
de CREPITO CORDE – Crevecœur; Crowcour
de CRIWA – Crewe
CROCUS – Croke
de CROTIS – Croot; Grote
de CRUCE – Cross
CRUCIARIUS – Crocker
de CUILLIO – Colley
CULLUS de BOUE – Oxenstern
de CUMINIS – Comyn
CUNETIUS – Kennett
de CURCEO; CURCI – de Courcy
de CURIA – Delacour; Cure
de CURLEIO – Curley
de CURUA SPINA – Crowthorn
de CUSANCIA – Cussans
DACUS – Le Daneis, Denys, Dennis. (Adjectival form of mediaeval-Latin Dacia, Denmark, thus "The Dane")
DAINCURIENSIS; de AYNECURIA – Daincourt; Deyncourt
DALENRIGIUS – Dalegrig
DANISCUS – Dennis
DAUTHIERUS – Dauthier, d'Authier
de DAVIDUILLA – D'Aville; D'Eyville
DECANUS – Dean
DEUON' – Le Deveneis; Devenish
DIABOLUS – Dayville; De Eyville; Deeble; Dibble
de DICETO – de Disci; Diss
DISPENSARIUS; DISPENSATOR; DISPENSERIUS – Le *Despenser; Spencer
de DIUA – Dive; Dives; Deaves
DIUITIUS- Riche
DODERIGUS – Dodderidge
de DOITO – Dwight; Brook
de DOUERA – de Douvres; Dover
DRACO – Drake; Drage
de DROCIS – de Dreux; Drew
DROGO – Drewe
DUCHTIUS – Doughty
de DUMOUILLA – Domville; Dunville
de DUNA – Don; Down
de DUNSETANUILLA – Dunstanvill
DURANDUS – Durrant,Durand
DURIDENTIS – Duredens; Durdana
DUTENTIUS – Doughty
DUX – Ducy; Duck; Duke
EASTERLINGUS – Stradling
de EBROICUS; de EBROIS – D'Évreux
ECCLESIENSIS – Churche
ELISEUS – Ellis
ELYOTA – Elliott
de ERICETO – Briewer
de ERM´ENOLDA VILLA – d'Ermenonville
de ERMENTERIIS – Darmenters
ERNALDUS – Ernaut; Arnold
de EROLICTO – Erliche
de ESCALERIIS – de Escales; Scalers; Scales
de ESCARDEUILLA – Scarvell
de Escouilla – Escoville; Schofield; Scovel
de ESCRUPA – Le Scrope; Scrope
ESPERUERIUS – Le Sperver; Sparver
de ESSARTIS – Essart; Sart
de Esseleia – Ashley
de ESTLEGA; ESTLEIA – Astley or Estley
EUDO – Eade; Eades
EXTRANEUS; de EXTRANEO – L'Estrange; Strange
FABER – Lefevre
FACETUS -Le Facet
de FAGO – Beech; Beecher; Fagge
de FAIA – de Fai; Fay
FALCONARIUS – Falkner; Fachney
FALKASIUS – Fawkes
FALTERELLUS – Futerel; Fewtrell
FANTASMA – Fantosme
FAUCUS – Folkes; Vaux
FAUKESIUS – Fawkes
FERCHARDUS – Farquahr; Forker
FERDINANDUS – Farrant
FERRARRII – Ferre
de FERRARIIS – Ferrars; Ferrier
FERRATUS – Fairy; Ferrie
FIBER – Bever
FIEREBRACHIUS – Ferbras
de FIERUILLA – Fierville; Fairfield
de Ffiliceto – Fernham
FILIUS ADELINI – Fitz-Adelin; Edlin
FILIUS ALANI – Fitz-Alan
FILIUS ALUREDI – Fitz-Alard; Fitz-Alfred
FILIUS AMANDI – Fitz-Amand
FILIUS ANDREÆ – Fitz-andrew
FILIUS BALDEWINI – Baldwin; Bolderson; Bowdon
FILIUS BALDRICI – Baldrey
FILIUS BERNARDI – Fitz-Bernard
FILIUS BRICIIS – Bryson
FILIUS BOGONIS – Bewes
FILIUS BRIANI – Fitz-Brian
FILIUS COCI – Cookson
FILIUS COMITIS – Fitz-Count
FILIUS DAUIDIS – Dawson
FILIUS DRACONIS – Drake
FILIUS DRAGONIS – Drewes; Drew
FILIUS EDMUNDI – Edmunds
FILIUS EUSTACHII – Fitz-Eustace
FILIUS FULCONIS – Fitz-Fulk; Faulke
FILIUS GALFRIDI – Fits-Geoffry
FILIUS GERARDI – Fitz-Gerrard
FILIUS GILLEBERTI – Fitz-Gilbert
FILIUS GODESCALLI – Godshall
FILIUS GUALTERI – Fitzwalter; Walters
FILIUS GUARINI – Fitz-Warren
FILIUS GUIDONIS – Fitz-Guy; Fitzwith
FILIUS GULIELMI – Fitz-*William; Williamson; Williams
FILIUS HAMONIS – Fitz-Hamon; Hammond; Hampson
FILIUS HARDINGI – Fitz-Hardinge
FILIUS HENRICI – Fitz-Henry; Harrison; Harris
FILIUS HERBERTI – Fitz-Herberti
FILIUS HUGONIS – Fitz-*Hugh; Hughes; Hewes; Hewish; Hewson
FILIUS HUMFREDI – Fitz-Humphrey; Humphreys
FILIUS IBOTÆ – Ibbottson; Ebison
FILIUS ISAAC – Isaacs; Higgins; Higginson; Hickson
FILIUS JACOBI – Fitz-James; Jameson
FILIUS JOHANNIS – Fitz-John; Johnson; Jones
FILIUS KATERINA – Katlyson; Cattlin
FILIUS LAURENTII – Lawson
FILIUS LETITIÆ – Lettson
FILIUS LUCÆ – Fitz-Lucas
FILIUS LUCIÆ – Lucy
FILIUS MAURICII – Fitz-Maurice; Morison
FILIUS MICHAELIS – Fitz-Michael
FILIUS NICOLAI – Fitz-Nichol; Nicholson; Nichols
FILIUS ODONIS – Fitz-Otes
FILIUS OLIUERI – Fitz-Oliver
FILIUS OSBURNI – Fitz-Osburn
FILIUS OSMONDI – Fitz-Osmond
FILIUS OTHONIS or OTTONIS – Fitz-Otes
FILIUS PAGANI – Fitz-Pain
FILIUS PATRICII – Fitz-Patrick
FILIUS PETRI – Fitz Peter; Peterson; Peters
FILIUS PHILIPPI – Phillips; Phipps; Phipson
FILIUS RADULFI – Fitz-Ralph; Raphson
FILIUS REGINALDI – Fitz-Raynold; Reynolds
FILIUS RICARDI – Fitz-*Richard; Richardson; Richards
FILIUS ROBERTI – Fitz-*Robert; Robertson; Roberts; Robinson
FILIUS ROGERI – Fitz-Rogers; Rogerson; Rogers
FILIUS SAHERI – Searson
FILIUS SIMONIS – Fitz-Simon; Simonds
FILIUS STEPHANI – Fitz-*Stephen; Stephenson; Stephens; Stiffin
FILIUS SUANI – Swainson
FILIUS THOME – Fitz-Thomas; Thompson
FILIUS VIDUÆ – Widdowson
FILIUS WALTERI – Fitz-walter; Walters; Waters; Watson; Watts
FILIUS WARINI – Fitz-Warin-Warisno
de FIRMITATE – de la Ferté
de FLAMMAUILLA – de Flamville
FLANDRENSIS – Flemyng
FLAUILLUS – Flavell
FLAUUS – Blund; Blount; Fleuez
FLECHARIUS – Le Flechier; Fletcher
FLORUS – Flowers
de FLUCTIBUS – Flood
de FOLIA – Foley
de FOLIIS – Foulis
de FONTE – Font; Faunt
de FONTE AUSTRALI – Southwell
de FONTE EBRALDI – Fontevraud
de FONTE LIMPIDO – Sherburn
de FONTIBUS – Wells
de FORDA – Ford
FORESTARIUS – Forester; Foster
de FORGIA – de la Forge
FORMANNUS – Formes
de FORNELLIS – de Furnell
de FORTI SCUTO – Fortescue
de FORTIBUS – de Fort; de Forz; Force
de FOSSA NOUA – Newdike
de FRAISNETO; FRAXINETO – de Fraine; du Fresne
de FRANCHEUILLA – de Freville
FRANCUS – Franks
de FRAXINO – del Freine; Frean; Ashe
FRESCOBURNUS – Freshburne
de FREUILLA – Fretchville; Freville
de FRIGIDO MANTELLO – Freemantle
de FRIGIDO Monte – de Fremond; Fremont
de FRISCA VILLA – *Fretchville; Freville; Freshfield
de FRISCO MARISCO – Freshmarsh
FULCHERII – Fulcher
de FULGERIIS – de Fougeres; de Filgeriis; Fulcher
de FURNELLIS – Furneaux; Furness
de GAIO – Gai; Gay; Jay
de GANDANO ; GANDAUENSIS – Gaunt
GANTERIUS – Glover
de GARDAROBA – Wardroper
de GARDINIS – Garden
GARNERUS – Guarnier; Warner
de GASCONIA – Gascoyne
de GAWEIA – Gower
de GEINUILA – de Geynville
de GENEUA – de Geneville
de GENISTETO – Bromfield
de GERARDI – Greville; Graville
GERVASIUS – Gerveis; Jarvis; Jervis
GIOUANUS – Young
de GIRBIRTI VILLA – de Gerberville
de GISNETO – de Gisney; Gynney
de GISORTIO – de Gisors
de GLANUILLA – Glanvil
GOBIO – Gudgeon
de GORNIACO – Gorney; Gurney
GOSSELINUS – Gosling
de GOUHERIA – Gower
GRAMMATICUS – Grammer
de GRANA – Graine; Grain
de GRANAVILLA; GREENVILLA – Greenvil or Grenville
de GRANDAVILLA – Granvile
de GRANDISONO – de Graunson; Grandison
GRANDIS or MAGNUS VENATOR – Grosvenor
GRANDUS – Le Grand; Graunt; Grant
GRANETARIUS – Grenet
de GRANGIA – Grainge
GRANGIARIUS – Grainger
de GRANO ORDEI; GRANUM ORDEI – Greindorge
GRASSUS – Le Gras; Grace; Le Gros
de GRAVA – de la Grave; Graves
de GRENDONA – Greendon
de GRENTO – Grente; Grinde
de GREYLIACO – de Greilly; Grelley
GRIMBALDI – Grimbaud
de GRINNOSA VILLA – de Grinville
de GRIPERIA – Gripper
GRISIUS – Le Grice
de GROSSO – de Gruce; Gross
de GROSSO MONTE – Grosmond; Grismond
de GROSSO VENATORE – Grosvenor
GROSSUS – Le Gros
GROTIUS – Grose
de GRUE – Crane
GUARIN – Guerin
GUIDO – Guy; Gee
de GUIDOUILLA – Wydville; Wyville
GULAFFRA – Golofre; Golfer; Gulfer; Golafre
de GUNDEUILLA – Gonville
de GUNTHERI SYLUA – Gunter
de GUTI – del Got
de HAIA – de la Haye; Hay
de HAMBEIA – Hamby; Hanby
de HANOIA – de Henau; Hanway
de HANTONA – Hanton; Hampton
de HARELA – Harkley
de HARICURIA – Harcourt; Harecourt
HARVAEUS – Harvey
HASTIFRAGUS – Brakespere
HAUARDUS – Howard
de HAULA – DE LA Hale; Hall; Hawley
de HAYA – de la Haye; Hay
HERMITA – Armit
HERES – Le Hare; Eyre
HIERONYMUS – Jerome; Jerram
de HIRUNDINE – Arundel
HISPANIOLUS – Aspinall
de HOGA – de la Hoge; Hogg
de HOLMO – Holmes
de HOSATA; de HOSA – de la Hose; de la Huse
HOSATUS – Hose; Huese; Hussey
HOWARDUS – Howard
HUGO – Hook
HUSATUS; HUSSATUS – Hoese; huese; hussey
de ILLERIIS – de St. Hellier; Hillier
INFANS – L'Enfant; Child
de INGANIA – Engaine
de INSULA – Lisle
de INSULA BONA – Lislebone
de INSULA FONTIS – Lilburne
de IPRA – de Ipres
de ISPANIA – Spain
de JAUNA – Janeway
JOANNIS – Johnson
de JOANNIS VILLA – de *Jehanville; Geneville; Ganville
JOANNUS – Jones
JODOCUS – Joice
JUUENIS – Lejeune; Young
de KAHAGNIS – Keynes
de KAINETO; de KAISNETO; de KEYNETO – *Chesney; Cheney; Keynes
KENTESIUS – Le Kenties; Kentish
de KIMA; KYMA – de Kyme; Keymer
de LACELLA – Lascales; Lacelles
de LACU – de Lake; Lake
de LADA – de la Lade
de LÆTO LOCO – Lettley
de La MARA – de la Mare; Delamare, Delamere, Lamarre
de Laga – Lee; Lea; Leigh
LAMBARDUS – Lambard or Lambert
de LANDAS – de la Lande; Land, De la Launde
de LANDALIS – Landal; Landels
de LANGDONA ; LANDONA – Langdon
LARDERARIUS – Lardenier; Lardner
de LARGO – Large
LATIMARIUS; Latinarius – Latimer; Latomer
de LATO CAMPO – Bradfield
de LATO VADO – Bradford
de LATO PEDE – Braidfoot
LAUREMARIUS – Lorimer
de LECHA – Leke
de LEGA – Leigh; Lee
LEGATUS – Leggatt
de LEICA – Leke
de LEICESTRIA – Lester
LESLÆUS – Leslie
LEUCHENORIUS – Lewkin; Lewknor
de LEXINTUNA – Lexington
de LEZINIACO – de Lezinan
de LIBERATIONE – Liverance
de LIENTICURIA – de Liancourt
de LIMESIA – Limsie
de Linna – Linne
de LISORIIS; LISORIS – Lizurs; Lisors
de LOCO FRUMENTI – Whethamstede
de LOGIIS – Lodge
de LONGA SPATHA – Longespee
de LONGA VILLA – *Longueville; Longville; Longfellow
de LONGO CAMPO – Longchamp; Longshanks
de LONGO PRATO – Longmede
LOTHARINGIUS – Le Loreyne; Lorraine; Lorriner
LOTHARIUS – Lowther
de LUCCEIO – Lucy; Lewsey
LUDOUICUS – de Lues; Lewis
de LUERA – Lower
de LUNDA – Lund
de LUPELLIS; LUPELLUS – Lovel
LUPUS – Le Loup; Love; Loo; Woolf
de LUSORIIS – Lusher
de LUXA – De Los
MACER – Le Meyre
MACNISIUS – Mackness
de MADERIACO – de Mezieres; Measures
de MAGNA PENA – de Magne Peoine; Moneypenny; Mappin
de MAGNA VILLA – Mandeville; Mannwille
de MAGNO MONTE – Grosmount or Groumount
MAGNUS VENATOR – Grosvenor
MAINFELINUS – Meinfeuin
de MAINO – Maine; Maoun
de MALA BISSA – de Malebisse; de Malebiche
de MALA FIDE – Maufe
de MALA HERBA – Malherbe
de MALA OPERA – Mallop
de MALA PLATEA – Malpas
de MALA TERRA – Mauland; Eveland
de MALA VILLA – Melville
de MALCHENCEIO – Munchensy
MALCONDUCTUS – Malduit; Mauduit
MALEDOCTUS – Maudoit
MALEDUETUS – Malduit; Mauduit
MALISIUS – Malis
de MALIS MANIBUS – Malmains
de MALIS OPERIBUS – Maloor
de MALO LEONE – Mauleon
de MALO CONDUCTU – Malduit
de MALA DOMO – de Maubusson
de MALO LACU – Mauley
de MALO VICINO; MALUS VACINUS – *Malveisin; Malvoisin; Mavesyn; Mason
de MALO VISU – Malveya
de MALPASSU – Malpas
MALUS CATALUS – Malcael; Malchael; Malchein; Machel
MALUS LEPORARIUS – Maleverer; Mallieure; Mallyvery
MALUS LUPELLUS – Maulovel; Mallovel
de MONDAVILLA – Mandeville; Manneville
de MANERIIS – de Menguse; Menzies; Manners
de MANIBUS – de Mans
de MANNAVILLA – Mandeville; Manhill; Manwell
de MARA – de la Mare; Mare; Marre
de MARCHIA – de La Marche; March
de MARCI VALLIBUS – Martival
de MARCO – Mark
MARESCALLUS – Marshal or Le Marshal; Merrishaw
de MARINIS – Maryon; Marwin
de MARISCO – del Mareis; Marsh
MARRUGLARIUS – Le Marler
de MARTIUALLIS – *Martivaux; Martival; Martivast; Martwas
de MASURA – Le Massor; Measor
MAUCLERUS – Lacklatin
MAURENCIACUS – de Montmorency
de MAURITANIA – de Morteine
de MADIA VILLA – Middleton
MEDICUS – Leech
de MEDUANA – Maine; Mayenne
de MELSA – de Meaulx; Meux; Mews
MENTULAMANUS – "Toulmaine alias Hancocke"
de MERCATO – de Marche; March
MERCATOR – Mercer
de MESLERIIS; de MEULERIIS – Mellers
de MICENIS – Meschines
MILESIUS; MILETUS – Miles
de MINERIIS – Miners
de MINORIIS – Minours
de MOELIS – de Moelles or Moels; Mills
MOLENDINARIUS – Miller; Milner
de MOLENDINIS – Molines
de MOLIS – de Moelles or Loels; Mills
MONACHUS – Le Moigne; Monk
de MONASTERIIS – Musters; Masters
de MONCELLIS – Monceaux; Monson; Monser
de MONEMUTHA – Monmouth
de MONTANA – de Montaignes; de Montaigne; Mountain
de MONTE – Mount; Mont
de MONTE ACUTO – Montacute; Montague
de MONTE ALTO – Montalt; Montealto; Munhaut; Mohaut; Moald; Mold; Maulde; Maude
de MONTE AQUILÆ – Mounteagle
de MONTE BEGONIS – Mountbegon
de MONTE BRITONUM – de Montbreton
de MONTE CANASIO; CANESIO; CANISIO – Montchesney; Munchensi
de MONTE DEI – Mundy
de MONTE DUBLELLI – de Mont Dubleaux
de MONTE FIXO – Montfitchet; Munfitchet
de MONTE FLORUM – de Monteflour
de MONTE FORTI – Montfort
de MONTE GAII; de MONTE GAUDII – Montjoy; Mungy
de MONTE GOMERICO – Montgomery
de MONTE HERMERII – Monthermer
de MONTE JOUIS – Montjoy
de MONTE KANESIO – Montchensey; Munchensi
de MONTE MARISCO – Montmorency
de MONTE MARTINI – de Montmartre
de MONTE MORACI; MORENTIO – Montmorency
de MONTE PESSONO; de MONTE PESGULANO – Montpinzon; Mompesson
de MONTE PISSONIS; de MONTE PISSORIS – Montpinzon; Mompesson
de MONTE REUELLI – Monterville
de MORAUIA – Moray; Murray
de MORISCO – Moore
de MORTIUALLIS – de Martivaux
de MORTUO MARI – Mortimer
de MOTA – de La Motte
de MOUBRAIA – Mowbray
de MUCHELEGATA – Micklegate
de MUMBRAIO – Mowbray
MURDACUS – Murdoch
AD MURUM – Walton
de MUSEA – Mus; Mosse
de MUSCO CAMPO – Musechamp
MUSTELA – Musteile
NAPPATOR – Le Naper; Napier
de NASO – de Nes; Ness
NEPOS – Le Neve
NEQUAM – Neckham
de NEVILLA – Nevil
NIGELLUS – Niele; Neal
NIGEROCULUS – Blackey
de NODARIIS; NODORIIS – Nowres
NORENSIS – Noreis; Nordman; Norman
NORMANDUS – Norman
NORRISCUS – Norris; Nurse
de NORUICO – Norwich
de NOVA TERRA – Newland
de NOVA VILLA – Neufville; Neville; Newell
de NOVIOMO – Noon
de NOVO BURGO – Newburgh; Newborough
de NOVO CASTELLOM – Newcastle
de NOVO FORE – de Neumarche; Newmarch
de NOVO LOCO – Newark
de NOVO MERCATO – de Neumarche; Newmarch
de NOVO OPPIDO – Newton
NOUUS – Newman
NOUUS HOMO – Newman
NUTRICIUS – Nurse
de OBURUILLA – de Abbeville; Appeville
de OILEIO; OILI; OILIUS – D'Oylu; Olley
de OMNIBUS SANCTIS – Toussaint
de ORTIACO – del Ortyay; Lorty;
OSTIARIUS – Le Huissier; Usher; Durward (Scotch)
de OUGHTIA – Doughty
de PACCEIO – de Pasci; Pacy
PACCEUS – Pace
PAGANELLUS – Pagnell; Painel; Paynell
PAGANUS – Payne
PALMARIUS – Le Paumier; Palmer
PALMIGER – Palmer
de PALO – del Pau
de Palude – Puddle; Marsh
de PAREO – Park; Perck
PARMENTARIUS – Parmenter; Taylor
de PARUA TARRI – Torel; Tyrrel
de PARUA VILLE – Littleton
PARUUS – Le Petit; Petty
de PASCUO LAPIDOSO – Stanley
de PAUILLIACO; de PAULIACO – Pavley
PECCATUM; de PECCATO; PECCATUS – *Peche; Pecche; Pecke
de PEDE PLANCO – Pauncefoot
PEITONUS – Peyton
PELLIPARIUS – Skinner
PENTECOSTES – Wytesoneday
PERFECTUS – Parfey; Parfitt
de PERIIS – Piers
de PERONA – Perowne
de PERRARIIS – Perrers
de PETRA – Petre
de PETRAPONTE; PETROPONTO – Peirrepont; Perpoint
PEVERELLUS – Peverell
PHISCERUS – Fisher
de PICTAIIA; PICTAUIENNSIS – Peytevin; Peyto; Peto
PINCERNA – Butler
de PINIBUS – Dupin
de PINU – Pine; Pyne
PIPERELLUS – Pepperell; Peverell
PISCATOR – Fisher
de PISCE; de PISCIBUS – Fish
de PISSIACO – Poysey
PLACIDUS – Placett
de PLANCA – De la Planche
de PLANTAGENTISTA – Plantagenent
de PLESSETIS; PLESSEIZ – de *Pleseys; Plesseiz; Plessez; Plaiz; Place
de PODIO – des Pus
POHERIUS – Puherius
de POLA – de la Pole
de POLEIO – Poley
POLUS – Pole; Poole
de POMARIO – Appleyard
PONDERATOR – Le Balauncer
de PONTE – Bridge
de PONTE FRACTO – Pomfrey
AD PONTEM – Atte Brigge; Brigge; Paunton
de PONTIBUS – Bridgeman; Bridges
de PONTISSARA; PONTISSERA -Sawbridge; pontoise; Pontys
PONTIUS – Pons; Pounce
PORCARIUS – Le Porcher
de PORCELLIS – Purcell
AD PORTAM – Porter
POTTARIUS – Potter
le POURE – Power
POUTENEIUS – Poultney
de PRAELLIS – See also "de PRAERIIS"
PRÆPOSITUS – Prevot
de PRAERIIS – Praeres; Prahors
de PRATELLIS – des *Pres; Despreaux; Diprose; Meadows
de PRATIS – Praty; Prettie
de PRATO – Dupre; Mead; Pratt
de PRECARIIS – See also "de PRAERIIS"
PRECO – Price
PUHERIUS; PUHERUS – Le Poher; Poer
de PUILLETA – Paulet
de PULCHRO CAPELLITIO – Fairfax
PULETARIUS – Le Poleter; Poulter
PUNTIS – Pons; Pounce
de PURCELLIS – Purcell
de PUTEACO – de Pusat; Pudsey; Pusev
de PUTEIS – Pittes
de PUTEO – Pitt
de PYSANIS – de Pessaigne
QUASPATRICIUS – Gospatric
RAALEGA – Ralegh
de RADENEIO – de Reyney; Rodney
de RADEONA – Rodney
de RADIO – Raye
RAGOTUS – Le Raggide; Raggett
de RAIMIS – de Reimes
de RALEGA – Ralegh
de REA – de Ree; Ray
de REDUERIIS – Rivers
REGINALDI – Renaud; Reynolds
REGINALDUS – Reynold
REGIOSYLUANUS – Kingswood
REINARDUS – Rayner; Reyner
RENOLDUS – Reynold
REX – King; Reeks
RHESEUS – Ap Rhys; Ap Rice; Price
de RIA – de Rie; Rye
de RICO MONTE – Richmond
RIGIDIUS – Rivers
de RIPERIA; RIPARIIS; RIVERIA; RIVERIIS – de *Ripers; Rivers; Driver
ROBERTIADES – Roberts
de ROCA – Rock
de RODENEIA – Rodney
RODERICUS – Rothery
de RODOLIO – de Roel; Rolle
de ROILLIO – de Roilli; Reuilly; Rowley
de ROKA – Rock
de ROKELA – Rockley
de ROMELIOLO – de Romilli; Romilly; Rumley
ROTARIUS – Wheeler; Rutter
de ROTIS – Rote; Roots
de ROTUNDO; ROTUNDUS – Ronde; Round; Rounce
de RUA – Rue
de RUBEO MONTE – Rougemont
de RUBRA MANU – Redmayne
de RUBRA SPATHA – Rospear; Rooper; Roper
de RUBRO CLIUO – Radcliffe
de RUDA – Routh
de RUELLA – Ruel; Rule
RUFFUS; RUFUS – Le Roux; Le Rus; Rous; Ruff
de RUGEHALA – Rugeley; Ruggles
de RUPE – de la Roche; Roche; Droope; Drope; Roek
de RUPE CAUARDI – de Rochechouard
de RUPE FORTI – Rochfort
de RUPE SCISSA – Cutcliffe
de Rupella – de la Rochelle; Rokell; Roupell
de RUPERIA – {See also RUPETRA}
de RUPETRA – de Rupierre; Rooper; Roper
de RUPIBUS; RUPINUS – Roche; Rock
de SABAUDIA – Savoy
de SACCA VILLA – Sackville
de SACEIO – de Sace; de Sauce
de SACHEVILLA – de Sacquenville; Soucheville; Sackville
de SACRA FAGO – Hollebech; Holbeach
de SACRA QUERCU – Holyoak
de SACRO BOSCO – Holywood
de SACRO FONTE – Holybrook; Holbrook
SAGITTARIUS – Archer
de SAIO – Say
de SAKENVILLA – Sackville
de SALCETO – Saucey
de SALCHAVILLA – Salkeld
de SALICOSA MARA – Wilmore
de SALICOSA VENA – Salvein
de SALSO MARISCO – Saumarez; Saltmarsh
de SALTU CAPELLÆ – Sacheverel
de SALTU LACTEO – Melkeley
SALVAGIUS – Savage
SANCHO – Sankey
de SANETA BARBA or BARBARA – Senbarb; Simberb
de SANCTA CLARA – St. Clare; Sinclair
de SANCTA CRUCE – St. Croix; Cross
de SANCTA ERMINA – Armine
de SANCTA FIDE – St. Faith; Faith; Fiddes
de SANCTA GENEVEFA – Jeneway
de SANTA MARIA – St. Mary (found in numerous 11th century charters, mainly as witnesses or grants, as opposed to fee records)
de SANCTA TERRA – Holyland
de SANCTA VILLA – Sent Vile; Sainneville
de SANCTO ALBANO – St. Alban
de SANCTO ALBINO – Seyntabyn; St. Aubyn
de SANCTO ALEMONDO – Salmon
de SANCTO AMANDO – St. Amand; Samand
de SANCTO AUDEMARO – St. Omer
de SANCTO AUDOENO – St. Owen
de SANCTO BRICIO – Brice
de SANCTO CINERINO – Chinnery
de SANCTO CLARO – Senclere; Sinclair
de SANCTO CLAUDO – Clodd; Clode
de SANCTO CRISPINO – Crispin; Crisp
de SANCTO DIONYSIO – Dennis
de SANCTO EDMUNDO – Edmunds
de SANCTO EDOLPHO – Stydolph
de SANCTO EDUARDO – Edwards
de SANCTO EUSTACIO – Stacey
de SANCTO GELASIO – Singlis
de SANCTO GERMANO – Germain
de SANCTO HILARIO – Hillary
de SANCTO JOHANNE – St. John; Singen
de SANCTO JUDOCO – de Joyeuse; Jorz; Joyce
de SANCTO LAUDO; de SANCTO LODO – St. Laud; Sentlo; Senlo
de SANCTO LEODEGARIO – St. Ledger; Sallenger; Ledger
de SANCTO LEONARDO – Lennard
de SANCTO LIZIO – St. Lys; Senliz
de SANCTO LUPO – Sentlow
de SANCTO LUZO – Sentluke
de SANCTO MARTINO – de Danmartin; Semarton; Martin
de SANCTO MAURISIO – St. Morris
de SANCTO MAURO – St. Maur
de SANCTO MEDARDO – Semark
de SANCTO NEOTO – Sennett
de SANCTO OLAUO – Toly
de SANCTO PAULO – Sampol; Semple
de SANCTO PETRO – Sampier; Semper; Symper
de SANCTO PHILEBERTO – Filbert
de SANCTO QUINTINO – St. Quintin
de SANCTO REMIGIO – de St. Remy; Remy
de SANCTO SERENNIO – Chinnery
de SANCTO VEDASTO – Foster
de SANCTO VIGORE – Vygour
de SANCTO WALLERICO – St. Wallere; Waller
de SANDUICO – Sandwich
SAPIENS – Le Sage
SARACENUS – Sarazin; Sarson
SARTORIUS – Sartoris; Sartres
SAVAGIUS – Savage
SAVARICUS – Savory
de SAVINIACO – de Savigny; Saveney
de SAXO FERRATO – Ironston; Ironzon
de SCALARIIS – de Scaliers; Scales
de SCOLEIO – Scully
de SCURIS – LESCURES
de SEINLICIO; SENLYCIO – de Seinliz
de SELLA – de Salle; Sale
SENESCALLUS – Stewart; Stuart
de SEPTEM HIDIS – de Sethides
de SEPTEM VALLIBUS – de Setvaux
de SEPTEM VANNIS – Setvans
SERLO – Searle
de SEUECURDA – Seacourt
SEVALLUS – Sewell
de SICCA VILLA – de Secheville; de *Sacheville; Satchwell; Sackville
de SIDEVILLA – Sidwell
SILVANUS – Silvain; Salvin
SINE AVERIO – Sanzaver
SIVARDUS – Seward
de SMALAUILLA – {See MALAUILLA}
de SOLA – Sole
de SOLARIIS – Solers
SOPHOCARDIUS – Wiseheart
de SPADA – Speed; Speedy
de SPINETO – Spine; Spinney
de STAGNO – Stanhow; Poole; Pond
de STAMPIS – d'Estampes; Stamp
de STELLA – Stel; Steele
STEPHANIDES – Fitz Stephen
STIGANAUS – Stiggins
de STIPITE SICCO – de la Zouche
de STOTEVILLA – d'Estoteville; Stutfield
STRABO – Louch
de STRATAVILLA – d'Estréeville; Streatfield
de STRATONA – Stretton
SUB NEMORE – Underwood
de SUDBURIA – Sudbury
de SUILLEIO – de Suilli; Sully
SUPER TYSAM – Surteys; Surtees
de SUREVILLA – Surville; Sherville
de SUTHLEIA; SUTLEIA – Suthley; Sudley
de SYLUA – Weld
SYLUANECTENSIS – Seyton
de TABERNA – Taverner
TALLIATOR – Taylor
de TANAIA – Taney
de TANCO – de Tani; Tawney
de TANKARDI VILLA – Tankerville
TANNATOR – Le Tanur; Tanner
TAXO – Tesson; Tyson
TELARIUS – Taylor; Tylor
de TERTIA MANU – Tremayne
TEUTONICUS – Tyes; Teys
THAMARIUS – Thame; Tame
de THANETO – Thanet; Tanet; Tent
THEOBALDUS – Tipple
THEODORICUS – Terry; Derrick
de THORNAMUSA – Torneumue
de TIRNISCO – de Terouisch
de TOLETA – Tollitt; Tullet
de TONA – Tonny; Tony
de TORTO – Turt
de TOSCA – Tosh
de TRIBUS MINETIS – Treminet
de TRUBLEUILLA – Troubleville; Turberville
de TULKA – Tuke; Toke
de TURBIDA VILLA – Turberville
TURCHETILLUS – Turchill
de TURPI VADO – Fulford
de TURRI – Towers; Torry
de TURRIBUS – de Turs; de Tours
de TYLIA – Tille; Tyley
de UFFINTONA – Ufton
de UMBROSA QUERCU – Dimoak; Dimock
de URTIACO – de Lorty; Lort; Hort
de USSEIO – Ducie
USUSMARE – Hussey
de VAACEIO – de Vaacey; Vaizey
VACA – de la Wae; Wake
VACARIUS – Vacher; Levaque; Livock
de VACCARIA – Vicary; Vickery
de VADA – Wade
de VADO BOUM – Oxford
de VADO SAXI – Stanford
VALCHELINUS – Wakelin
de VALEIO – de Valle; Wall
de VALENCIA – Valence
VALESIUS – Walsh
de VALLE – Wale; Wall
de VALLE TORTA – Valetor; Vautort
de VALLIBUS – de Vals; Vaux
de VALLO – Wall
de VALONIIS – de Valognes; Valoines
de VALUINIS – Wauwain; Walwyn
de VANNARIO – Le Vanner
de VARAVILLA – Varvill; Warwell
VARDÆUS – Ward
VELOX – Swift; Fogarty
VENATOR – Vendore; Venour
de VENETIA – Venesse
de VERINEIO – de Verigny; Verney
de VERNACO – de Vernai; Ferney
de VESCI – Vessey
de VETERE AULA – Oldhall; Oldham
de VETERE PONTE – Vieuxpont; Vipont; Veepount
de VETULA – Vale; Viel; Vyel
de VETULIS – de Vielles
VETULUS – Viel
de VICARIIS – Viccars
VICINUS – Le Veysin
de VICO – de Vicques; Vick
VIDULATOR – Le Vielur
de Vigneio – da Vigny; de Wignai
de VILLA – Veal
de VILLA MAGNA – Mandeville
de VILLA MOTA; MOUTA – Wilmot
de VILLA TORTA – Croketon
de VILLARIIS – Villiers
de VINDINO – de Vendome; Phantam
de VINO SALUO – Vinsauf
de VIRIDI CAMPO – Greenfield
de VIRIDI VILLA – Greenville
VITULUS – See also "VETULUS"
VULPIS – Renard; Rainer
VULSÆUS – Wolsey
de WACELLIS – Wasel; Vassall
WALCHELINUS – Wakelin
WALLENSIS – Le Walleis; Wallace
de WANCEIO – Wansey
de WARENNA – Warren
WARENNARIUS – Warrender
de WARNEUILLA – Warneville
de WARTEUILLA – See also "de WATEUILLA"
de WASA – Wace
de WASPRIA – de Guaspre; de Waspre; Vosper
de WATELEGA – Wateley; Wheatley
de WATEUILLA – Waleville; Waterfield
de WELLEBO – de Wellebof; Welbore
WISCARDUS – Wishart
WOLLÆUS – Wolley
WOLSÆUS – Wolsey
WOLUESÆUS – Wolsey
de WYUILLA – Wyville; Weevil; Whewell

gollark: That's not really possible in real life yet.

gollark: You can do 8-socket Xeon Platinums at *horrible, horrible* cost, but that's, er, 224 cores.

gollark: I don't think Intel has anything with 900 actual cores, or even 900 threads.

gollark: No, the 64-core server epycs.

gollark: AMD has twice the core count at lower cost anyway.

References

Staffan Nyström (main editor), Eva Brylla, Märit Frändén, Mats Wahlberg & Per Vikstrand 2013: Namn och namnforskning. Ett levande läromedel om ortnamn, personnamn och andra namn. Pages 121-122. Accessed on February 15th, 2020, at https://uu.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:606610/FULLTEXT01.pdf .
Staffan Nyström (main editor), Eva Brylla, Märit Frändén, Mats Wahlberg & Per Vikstrand 2013: Namn och namnforskning. Ett levande läromedel om ortnamn, personnamn och andra namn. Page 148. Accessed on February 15th, 2020, at https://uu.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:606610/FULLTEXT01.pdf .
de:Deutsche Familiennamen
de:Liste latinisierter Personennamen
Stieger, Daniel 2019. Alte Berufsbezeichnungen. http://www.daniel-stieger.ch/berufe.htm (Updated December 7th, 2019. Accessed December 22nd, 2019)
GEC Complete Peerage, Vol.3, 1913, Appendix C, p.610
John Collinson, History and Antiquities of the County of Somerset, Vol.2, 1791, p.378
Literally: "from the golden testicles"
Charles Trice Martin; Elias (de) Aureis Testiculis was holding 10 knight's fees of Earl William of Gloucester in the Cartae Baronum of 1166
Collins Robert French Dictionary
Martin, Charles Trice (1910). The record interpreter : a collection of abbreviations, Latin words and names used in English historical manuscripts and records (2nd ed.). London: Stevens and Sons Ltd.
Wright, 9th edition, p.91

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[1] Staffan Nyström (main editor), Eva Brylla, Märit Frändén, Mats Wahlberg & Per Vikstrand 2013: Namn och namnforskning. Ett levande läromedel om ortnamn, personnamn och andra namn. Pages 121-122. Accessed on February 15th, 2020, at https://uu.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:606610/FULLTEXT01.pdf .

[2] Staffan Nyström (main editor), Eva Brylla, Märit Frändén, Mats Wahlberg & Per Vikstrand 2013: Namn och namnforskning. Ett levande läromedel om ortnamn, personnamn och andra namn. Page 148. Accessed on February 15th, 2020, at https://uu.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:606610/FULLTEXT01.pdf .

[3] :Deutsche Familiennamen

[4] :Liste latinisierter Personennamen

[5] Stieger, Daniel 2019. Alte Berufsbezeichnungen. http://www.daniel-stieger.ch/berufe.htm (Updated December 7th, 2019. Accessed December 22nd, 2019)

[6] GEC Complete Peerage, Vol.3, 1913, Appendix C, p.610

[7] John Collinson, History and Antiquities of the County of Somerset, Vol.2, 1791, p.378

[8] Literally: "from the golden testicles"

[9] Charles Trice Martin; Elias (de) Aureis Testiculis was holding 10 knight's fees of Earl William of Gloucester in the Cartae Baronum of 1166

[10] Collins Robert French Dictionary

[12] Martin, Charles Trice (1910). The record interpreter : a collection of abbreviations, Latin words and names used in English historical manuscripts and records (2nd ed.). London: Stevens and Sons Ltd.

[13] Wright, 9th edition, p.91