List of Burnley F.C. players

Burnley Football Club is an English professional association football club based in the town of Burnley, Lancashire. Founded on 18 May 1882, the club was one of the first to become professional (in 1883), putting pressure on The Football Association to allow professionalism.[1] As a result, the team were able to enter the FA Cup for the first time in 1885–86, and they were one of six Lancashire clubs in the twelve founding members of the Football League in 1888–89.[1] Burnley have played in one of the four professional levels of English football from 1888 to the present day.[2] The team reached their first major final in 1914, when they reached the FA Cup Final, and beat Liverpool 1–0.[3] Burnley have been champions of England twice, in 1920–21 and 1959–60.[4] The team have also won the Charity Shield twice, in 1960 (shared with Wolverhampton Wanderers) and 1973.[5] They are one of only five teams (and were the second) to have won all top four professional divisions of English football, along with Wolverhampton Wanderers, Preston North End, Sheffield United and Portsmouth.[6]

This article is about Burnley players with at least 100 appearances. For a list of all Burnley players with a Wikipedia article, see Category:Burnley F.C. players. For players with fewer than 100 appearances, see List of Burnley F.C. players (50–99 appearances). For the current Burnley first-team squad, see Burnley F.C. § First-team squad.

Defender Kieran Trippier (here playing for England in 2018) played 185 matches for Burnley between 2011 and 2015

Seven players in this list went on to manage the team; Jimmy Adamson, Frank Casper (also as caretaker manager), Steve Davis (as caretaker manager), Adrian Heath (as player-manager), Brian Laws, Brian Miller, and Harry Potts.[7][8][9] Potts became the club's longest serving manager, with 728 competitive matches. During his playing career, Adamson won the Footballer of the Year award, in 1962; the first and to date only time a Burnley player has won this award.[10] Northern Irishman Willie Irvine is the only player in the club's history to be crowned top goal scorer of the first tier (in 1965–66).[11] The record for most games played for the club is held by Jerry Dawson, who made 569 appearances between 1907 and 1928.[12] Goalkeeper George Strong made the most consecutive league appearances for Burnley; 203 matches between 1946 and 1951.[13] George Beel scored 188 goals during his Burnley career, and is the club's record goalscorer.[12] He also netted the most league goals in a season, 35 in 1927–28.[14] Jimmy Robson and Willie Irvine both scored a club record 37 goals in all competitions in 1960–61 and 1965–66, respectively.[15] Scotsman Jock Aird became Burnley's first player to appear in the World Cup Finals, when he started for his country against Austria in 1954.[16] The club's most capped player is Jimmy McIlroy, who made 51 appearances for Northern Ireland.[17]

All players who have played 100 or more first-team matches for the club, either as a member of the starting eleven or as a substitute, are listed below. Each player's details include the duration of his career with Burnley, his typical playing position while with the club, and the number of matches played and goals scored in all senior competitive matches.

Key

• Players are arranged by alphabetical order of surname.
• Appearances as a substitute are included. This feature of the game was introduced in the Football League at the start of the 1965–66 season.[18]
• Statistics are correct as of the match played on 26 July 2020.

Positions key[lower-alpha 1]

Pre-1950s		1950s–
GK	Goalkeeper
FB	Full back	DF	Defender
HB	Half back	MF	Midfielder
FW	Forward

Nationality

Unless otherwise noted, the nationality of a player is determined by the country/countries which he has played for, or if said person has not played international football, his country of birth.

Position

Playing positions are listed according to the tactical formations that were employed at the time. Thus, the change in the names of defence and midfield positions reflects the tactical evolution that occurred from the 1950s onwards.

Club career

Club career is defined as the first and last calendar years in which the player appeared for the club in any of the competitions listed below.

Total appearances and Total goals

Total appearances and goals comprise those in the Football League, including test matches and play-offs, Premier League, FA Cup, Football League Cup, Charity Shield, European Cup, Inter-Cities Fairs Cup, UEFA Europa League, Texaco Cup, Watney Cup, Anglo-Scottish Cup, Football League Group Cup, and Associate Members' Cup / Football League Trophy. Wartime fixtures and expunged matches are not included.

Key

Symbol	Meaning
	Player still at the club
*	Player represented his country at international level during his time at the club

List

Player	Nationality	Position	Club career	Appearances[lower-alpha 2]	Goals	Notes
Ted Adams	England	GK	1936–1943	118	0
Jimmy Adamson	England	HB/MF	1947–1964	486	18
Jock Aird	Scotland*	FB	1948–1955	143	0
Ade Akinbiyi	Nigeria	FW	2005–2006 2007–2009	122	31	[19]
Graham Alexander	Scotland*	DF	2007–2011	177	24	[20]
Joe Anderson	Scotland	FW	1920–1923	126	72
John Angus	England*	FB/DF	1955–1972	521	4
Scott Arfield	Canada*	MF	2013–2018	193	22	[21]
Gordon Armstrong	England	DF	1998–2003	113	4
Reg Attwell	England	FB	1946–1954	269	11
Tom Bamford	England	FB	1909–1920	157	0
Ashley Barnes	England	FW	2014–	198	43	[22]
Fred Barron	England	HB	1898–1911	423	14
Alf Basnett	England	HB	1919–1926	157	5
George Beel	England	FW	1923–1932	337	188
Arthur Bell	England	FW	1902–1909	104	29
Arthur Bellamy	England	MF	1959–1972	250	29
Marlon Beresford	England	GK	1992–1998 2002 2002–2003	350	0
Adam Blacklaw	Scotland*	GK	1954–1967	383	0
Robbie Blake	England	FW	2002–2005 2007–2010	282	72	[23]
Billy Bowes	Scotland	FW	1891–1901	295	84
George Boyd	Scotland	MF	2014–2017	123	12	[24]
Tommy Boyle	England*	FB	1911–1923	236	43
Graham Branch	England	DF	1998–2007	299	18
Chris Brass	England	DF	1993–2001	160	1
George Bray	England	HB	1937–1952	259	9
Ian Brennan	England	DF	1970–1980	212	14
Lee Briscoe	England	DF	2000–2003	119	7
Ian Britton	Scotland	MF	1986–1989	130	10
Bob Brocklebank	England	FW	1936–1945	128	38
James Brown	Scotland	HB	1927–1935	241	5
Jack Bruton	England*	HB	1925–1929	176	44
Steven Caldwell	Scotland*	DF	2007–2010	119	5	[25]
Mo Camara	Guinea	DF	2003–2005	104	1
Clarke Carlisle	England	DF	2007–2012	152	9	[26]
Frank Casper	England	FW	1967–1976	275	89
Albert Cheesebrough	England	FW	1952–1959	158	40
Jackie Chew	England	HB	1946–1954	248	41
Ralph Coates	England*	MF	1963–1971	261	32
Doug Collins	England	MF	1968–1976	217	19
Paul Comstive	England	MF	1987–1989	103	23
John Connelly	England*	FW	1956–1964	265	104
Mike Conroy	Scotland	FW	1991–1993	101	41
Paul Cook	England	MF	1999–2003	169	15
Andy Cooke	England	FW	1995–2000	202	61
Jack Cork	England*	MF	2010 2010–2011 2017–	175	10	[27]
Ian Cox	Trinidad and Tobago*	DF	2000–2003	131	5
Jonathan Cretney	England	HB	1905–1911	177	10
Benny Cross	England	FW	1920–1928	255	61
Tommy Cummings	England	FB/DF	1947–1963	479	3
Steve Davis	England	DF	1987–1991	181	12
Steve Davis	England	DF	1989–1990 1991–1995 1998–2003	388	47
Jerry Dawson	England*	GK	1907–1929	569	0
Ray Deakin	England	DF	1985–1991	247	6
John Deary	England	MF	1989–1995	275	27
Joe Devine	Scotland	FW	1925–1930	121	29
Arthur Dixon	England	FB	1900–1907	183	8
Martin Dobson	England*	MF	1967–1974 1979–1984	497	76
Mick Docherty	England	DF	1967–1976	174	1
Michael Duff	Northern Ireland*	DF	2004–2016	383	8	[28]
Chris Eagles	England	MF	2008–2011	143	25	[29]
David Edgar	Canada*	DF	2009–2014	114	4	[30]
Alex Elder	Northern Ireland*	DF	1959–1967	330	17
Roger Eli	England	FW	1989–1994	132	31
Wade Elliott	England	MF	2005–2011	282	23	[31]
David Eyres	England	MF	1993–1997	215	55
Andy Farrell	England	MF	1987–1994	331	23
Paul Fletcher	England	FW	1971–1980	352	86
Brian Flynn	Wales*	MF	1972–1977 1982 1982–1984	250	27
Alex Forrest	Scotland	HB	1927–1933	116	4
John Francis	England	FW	1990–1992 1993–1996	226	46
Bert Freeman	England*	FW	1911–1921	189	115
Steve Gardner	England	DF	1987–1990	115	0
Lee Grant	England	GK	2005–2006 2010–2013	127	0	[32]
Tony Grant	England	MF	2001–2005	166	3
Billy Gray	England	FW	1953–1957	130	32
Billy Green	England	GK	1903–1908	153	0
Neil Grewcock	England	MF	1984–1991	242	32
Joey Guðjónsson	Iceland*	MF	2007–2010	109	7	[33]
Jóhann Berg Guðmundsson	Iceland*	MF	2016–	111	7	[34]
George Halley	Scotland	FB	1913–1922	153	5
Billy Hamilton	Northern Ireland*	FW	1979–1984	251	77
Peter Hampton	England	DF	1984–1987	134	2
Ted Hancock	England	HB	1933–1936	123	31
Ray Hankin	England	FW	1973–1976	139	47
Roger Hansbury	England	GK	1983–1985	103	0
Jon Harley	England	DF	2005–2008	126	3	[35]
Gordon Harris	England*	MF	1958–1968	313	81
Gerry Harrison	England	MF	1994–1998 2000	146	3
Jack Hays	England	HB	1939–1951	154	13
Adrian Heath	England	FW	1992–1995 1996–1997	148	35	[lower-alpha 3]
Tom Heaton	England*	GK	2013–2019	200	0	[36]
Jeff Hendrick	Republic of Ireland*	MF	2016–2020	139	10	[37]
Jack Hill	England*	FB	1923–1928	198	13
Jimmy Hill	Scotland	HB	1889–1897	162	42
Jack Hillman	England*	GK	1890–1895 1898 1898–1902	188	0
Kevin Hird	England	MF	1984–1986	100	30
Teddy Hodgson	England	FW	1911–1919	137	62
Bill Holden	England	FW	1950–1955	199	78
David Holt	England	DF	1980–1983	110	4
Ron Hornby	England	HB	1934–1949	135	19
Ashley Hoskin	England	MF	1985–1989	105	13
Jamie Hoyland	England	MF	1994–1998	105	4
Tommy Hutchison	Scotland	MF	1983–1985	114	5
Micah Hyde	Jamaica*	MF	2004–2007	114	2
Billy Ingham	England	MF	1969–1980	266	31
Danny Ings	England	FW	2011–2015	130	43	[38]
Willie Irvine	Northern Ireland*	FW	1960–1968	148	97
Joe Jakub	Scotland	MF	1973–1980 1989–1993	255	9
Leighton James	Wales*	MF	1970–1975 1978–1980 1986–1989	399	81
Brian Jensen	Denmark	GK	2003–2013	310	0	[39]
David Jones	England	MF	2013–2016	131	3	[40]
Michael Keane	England*	DF	2014–2015 2015–2017	108	7	[41]
Bob Kelly	England*	FW	1913–1925	299	97	[lower-alpha 5]
Steve Kindon	England	MF	1967–1972 1977–1979	225	58
Sandy Lang	Scotland	FB	1885–1895	134	3	[lower-alpha 6]
Les Latcham	England	MF	1960–1971	184	12
Brian Laws	England	DF	1979–1983	160	15
Dick Lindley	England	FW	1908–1920	152	46
Glen Little	England	MF	1996–2004	283	36
Archie Livingstone	Scotland	HB	1893–1900	181	3
Andy Lochhead	Scotland	FW	1958–1968	266	128
Matthew Lowton	England	DF	2015–	134	1	[44]
Doug MacFarlane	England	FW	1903–1908	125	34
Phil Malley	England	MF	1984–1988	113	6
Dean Marney	England	MF	2010–2018	221	10	[45]
Harry Mather	England	FB	1938–1955	329	0
Chris McCann	Republic of Ireland	MF	2005–2013	268	31	[46]
Andy McCluggage	Ireland*	FB	1925–1931	213	24
Colin McDonald	England*	GK	1948–1950 1951–1961	201	0
John McGreal	England	DF	2004–2007	106	1
Jimmy McIlroy	Northern Ireland*	MF/FW	1950–1963	497	131
Tom McLintock	Scotland	FB	1893–1903	254	15
Ian Measham	England	DF	1988–1993	230	2
Ben Mee	England	DF	2011–2012 2012–	321	7	[47]
David Merrington	England	MF	1962–1971	126	2
Brian Miller	England*	HB/DF	1954–1967	455	37
Hugh Moffat	England	FB	1904–1910	214	13
Mark Monington	England	DF	1989–1994	101	6
Willie Morgan	Scotland*	MF	1961–1968 1975–1976	232	22
Jonathan Morley	England	HB	1908–1912	108	17
Tony Morley	England	MF	1976–1979 1988	107	7
Billy Morris	Wales*	FW	1939–1952	230	53
Tommy Morrison	Ireland*	FW	1894–1895 1897–1902 1906–1907	195	28
Eddie Mosscrop	England*	FW	1912–1922	198	20
John Mullin	England	MF	1992–1995 1998 1999–2001	113	11
Joe Neenan	England	GK	1985 1985–1987	104	0
Billy Nesbitt	England	HB	1911–1923	192	20
Doug Newlands	Scotland	FW	1955–1959	104	23
Keith Newton	England	DF	1972–1978	253	7
Tom Nicol	Scotland	FW	1891–1896	149	44
Peter Noble	England	FW	1973–1980	301	80
Kurt Nogan	Wales	FW	1995–1997	108	42
Geoff Nulty	England	MF	1968–1974	153	24
James O'Connor	Republic of Ireland	MF	2004–2005 2005–2008	149	11	[48]
Brian O'Neil	England	MF	1961–1970	282	25
Vince Overson	England	DF	1979–1986 1996–1998	264	7
Louis Page	England*	FW	1925–1932	259	115
George Parkin	England	HB	1924–1929	128	2
Gary Parkinson	England	DF	1994–1997	163	5
Martin Paterson	Northern Ireland*	FW	2008–2013	151	37	[49]
Andy Payton	England	FW	1998–2003	176	81
Chris Pearce	Wales	GK	1987–1992	236	0
John Pender	Republic of Ireland	DF	1990–1995	222	11
Mike Phelan	England	MF	1980–1985	214	13
Brian Pilkington	England*	MF/FW	1951–1961	340	77
Walter Place	England	HB	1886 1890–1900	129	9
Walter Place	England	FW	1893–1900	187	36
Ray Pointer	England*	FW	1957–1965	270	132
Harry Potts	England	FW	1937–1950	181	50
Adrian Randall	England	MF	1991–1995	144	10
Jerry Reynolds	Scotland	FB	1895–1900	124	0
Gilbert Richmond	England	FB	1932–1939	193	2
Alick Robinson	England	HB	1933–1945	221	9
Jimmy Robson	England	FW	1956–1965	242	100
Billy Rodaway	England	DF	1971–1981 1986–1987	303	3
Jay Rodriguez	England	FW	2007–2012 2019–	167	52	[50]
Harry Ross	Scotland	FB	1899–1904	111	2
Derek Scott	England	DF	1975–1985	358	29
Bobby Seith	Scotland	FB/DF	1949–1960	238	6
Jason Shackell	England	DF	2012–2015	136	4	[51]
Les Shannon	England	HB/MF	1949–1959	281	44
Frank Sinclair	Jamaica	DF	2004–2007	102	1
Len Smelt	England	FB	1919–1926	248	0	[lower-alpha 7]
Albert Smith	England	FW	1905–1908	107	21
Cecil Smith	Wales	FW	1932–1936	119	53
Dave Smith	Scotland	FB/DF	1950–1961	108	1
Dick Smith	England	FW	1904–1910	185	75
Fred Smith	England	DF	1959–1970	107	1
Malcolm Smith	England	FW	1976–1980	102	20
Paul Smith	England	MF	1994–2001	128	5
George Sommerville	Scotland	GK	1926–1932	124	0
Junior Stanislas	England	MF	2011–2014	101	8	[53]
John Steel	Scotland	HB	1925–1931	152	5
Trevor Steven	England	MF	1981–1983	102	16
Alan Stevenson	England	GK	1972–1983	543	0
Jimmy Strong	England	GK	1946–1954	285	0
John Talbut	England	FB/DF	1957–1966	160	1
James Tarkowski	England*	DF	2016–	143	5	[54]
David Taylor	Scotland	FB	1911–1924	250	5
Gareth Taylor	Wales*	FW	2001–2003	106	37
Joe Taylor	England	FB	1893–1907	352	14
Steve Taylor	England	FW	1980–1983 1987–1989	180	52
Dave Thomas	England	MF	1967–1972	179	23
Mitchell Thomas	England	DF	1999–2002	112	0
Ian Thomas-Moore	England	FW	2000–2005	216	50
Steven Thompson	Scotland	FW	2008–2011	100	18	[55]
Harry Thomson	Scotland	GK	1959–1969	141	0
Jim Thomson	Scotland	DF	1968–1981	364	6
Sammy Todd	Northern Ireland*	DF	1962–1970	128	2
Kieran Trippier	England	DF	2011–2012 2012–2015	185	7	[56]
Chris Vinnicombe	England	DF	1994–1998	114	4
Sam Vokes	Wales*	FW	2011–2012 2012–2019	267	64	[57]
Colin Waldron	England	DF	1967–1976	356	18
Ross Wallace	Scotland	MF	2010–2015	165	14	[58]
Stephen Ward	Republic of Ireland*	DF	2014–2019	113	4	[59]
George Waterfield	England*	FB	1923–1935	394	5
Billy Watson	England*	HB	1909–1925	380	20
Walter Weaver	England	FW	1919–1924	116	18
Paul Weller	England	MF	1993–2004	288	13
Dean West	England	DF	1999–2004	178	6
Ashley Westwood	England	MF	2017–	110	4	[60]
Winston White	England	MF	1988–1991	128	21
Mark Winstanley	England	DF	1994–1999	182	5
Doug Winton	Scotland	FB/DF	1947–1959	198	1
Chris Wood	New Zealand*	FW	2017–	107	38	[61]
Arthur Woodruff	England	FB	1936–1952	292	0
Kevin Young	England	MF	1979–1984	156	12

Footnotes

1. For more information, see Formation.
2. Statistics are sourced from Simpson (2007), The Clarets Chronicles up to and including the 2006–07 season. Players featuring after those dates are sourced from their Soccerbase profile listed in the notes column.
3. Includes spell as player-manager.
4. UK Retail Price Index inflation figures are based on data from Clark, Gregory (2017). "The Annual RPI and Average Earnings for Britain, 1209 to Present (New Series)". MeasuringWorth. Retrieved February 2, 2020.
5. When Kelly moved from Burnley to Sunderland for £6,550 in 1925 (equivalent to £380,000 in 2020), he broke the world transfer record.[42][lower-alpha 4]
6. Player appeared in competitive matches for Burnley before the commencement of the Football League in 1888.[43]
7. Smelt is the club's oldest first-team player; he was 41 years and 132 days old when he played against Arsenal in the First Division on 18 April 1925.[52]

References

General

• Simpson, Ray (2007). The Clarets Chronicles: The Definitive History of Burnley Football Club 1882–2007. Burnley Football Club. ISBN 978-0-9557468-0-2.

Specific

1. Simpson (2007), pp. 13–25
2. Rundle, Richard. "Burnley". Football Club History Database. Retrieved 24 May 2020.
3. Ross, James M. (2 April 2020). "England FA Challenge Cup Finals". Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation. Retrieved 23 May 2020.
4. Ross, James M. (26 September 2019). "England – List of Champions". Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation. Retrieved 23 May 2020.
5. Ross, James M. (5 August 2019). "England – List of FA Charity/Community Shield Matches". Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation. Retrieved 23 May 2020.
6. Tyler, Martin (9 May 2017). "Martin Tyler's stats: Most own goals, fewest different scorers in a season". Sky Sports. Retrieved 22 May 2020.
7. Simpson (2007), pp. 540–559
8. Bevan, Chris (11 November 2007). "Davis hopeful over Burnley post". BBC Sport. Retrieved 9 June 2020.
9. "Boss Laws shown door by Burnley". BBC Sport. 29 December 2010. Retrieved 9 June 2020.
10. Pierrend, José Luis (5 December 2019). "England – Players Awards". Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation. Retrieved 9 June 2020.
11. Ross, James M. (20 June 2019). "English League Leading Goalscorers". Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation. Retrieved 9 June 2020.
12. Simpson (2007), p. 539
13. Simpson (2007), p. 257
14. Simpson (2007), p. 529
15. Simpson (2007), pp. 299, 319, 504
16. Simpson (2007), p. 532
17. "International Honours Board Update". Burnley Football Club. 26 May 2017. Retrieved 9 June 2020.
18. Watts, Nick. "1963 to 1988". The Football League. Archived from the original on 17 April 2016. Retrieved 11 August 2016.
19. "Ade Akinbiyi". Soccerbase. Retrieved 8 June 2020.
20. "Graham Alexander". Soccerbase. Retrieved 8 June 2020.
21. "Scott Arfield". Soccerbase. Retrieved 8 June 2020.
22. "Ashley Barnes". Soccerbase. Retrieved 8 June 2020.
23. "Robbie Blake". Soccerbase. Retrieved 8 June 2020.
24. "George Boyd". Soccerbase. Retrieved 8 June 2020.
25. "Steven Caldwell". Soccerbase. Retrieved 8 June 2020.
26. "Clarke Carlisle". Soccerbase. Retrieved 8 June 2020.
27. "Jack Cork". Soccerbase. Retrieved 8 June 2020.
28. "Michael Duff". Soccerbase. Retrieved 8 June 2020.
29. "Chris Eagles". Soccerbase. Retrieved 8 June 2020.
30. "David Edgar". Soccerbase. Retrieved 7 June 2020.
31. "Wade Elliott". Soccerbase. Retrieved 8 June 2020.
32. "Lee Grant". Soccerbase. Retrieved 8 June 2020.
33. "Joey Guðjónsson". Soccerbase. Retrieved 7 June 2020.
34. "Jóhann Berg Guðmundsson". Soccerbase. Retrieved 7 June 2020.
35. "Jon Harley". Soccerbase. Retrieved 8 June 2020.
36. "Tom Heaton". Soccerbase. Retrieved 8 June 2020.
37. "Jeff Hendrick". Soccerbase. Retrieved 8 June 2020.
38. "Danny Ings". Soccerbase. Retrieved 8 June 2020.
39. "Brian Jensen". Soccerbase. Retrieved 8 June 2020.
40. "David Jones". Soccerbase. Retrieved 8 June 2020.
41. "Michael Keane". Soccerbase. Retrieved 8 June 2020.
42. O'Brien, John (9 August 2016). "Evolution of world record transfers since 1893". Reuters. Retrieved 11 August 2018.
43. Simpson (2007), p. 512
44. "Matthew Lowton". Soccerbase. Retrieved 8 June 2020.
45. "Dean Marney". Soccerbase. Retrieved 8 June 2020.
46. "Chris McCann". Soccerbase. Retrieved 8 June 2020.
47. "Ben Mee". Soccerbase. Retrieved 8 June 2020.
48. "James O'Connor". Soccerbase. Retrieved 8 June 2020.
49. "Martin Paterson". Soccerbase. Retrieved 8 June 2020.
50. "Jay Rodriguez". Soccerbase. Retrieved 8 June 2020.
51. "Jason Shackell". Soccerbase. Retrieved 8 June 2020.
52. Simpson, Ray (11 December 2013). "History Re-Written". Burnley Football Club. Retrieved 9 June 2020.
53. "Junior Stanislas". Soccerbase. Retrieved 7 June 2020.
54. "James Tarkowski". Soccerbase. Retrieved 8 June 2020.
55. "Steven Thompson". Soccerbase. Retrieved 7 June 2020.
56. "Kieran Trippier". Soccerbase. Retrieved 8 June 2020.
57. "Sam Vokes". Soccerbase. Retrieved 8 June 2020.
58. "Ross Wallace". Soccerbase. Retrieved 8 June 2020.
59. "Stephen Ward". Soccerbase. Retrieved 8 June 2020.
60. "Ashley Westwood". Soccerbase. Retrieved 7 June 2020.
61. "Chris Wood". Soccerbase. Retrieved 7 June 2020.