Lipopeptide

A lipopeptide is a molecule consisting of a lipid connected to a peptide.[1] Bacteria express these molecules. They are able to self-assemble into different structures.[1][2][3] Certain lipopeptides are used as antibiotics.[4][5] Other lipopeptides are toll-like receptor agonists.[3] Lipoproteins are self-assembling molecules that are able to form structures.[6] Certain lipopeptides can have strong antifungal and hemolytic activities.[7] It has been demonstrated that their activity is generally linked to interactions with the plasma membrane,[8] and sterol components of the plasma membrane could play a major role in this interaction.[9][10] It is a general trend that adding a lipid group of a certain length (typically C10–C12) to a lipopeptide will increase its bactericidal activity.[11] Lipopeptides with a higher amount of carbon atoms, for example 14 or 16, in its lipid tail will typically have antibacterial activity as well as anti-fugal activity.[11]

Cyclic lipopeptide antibiotics
Identifiers
SymbolN/A
TCDB1.D.15
OPM superfamily163
OPM protein1t5n

Lipopeptide detergents (LPDs) are composed of amphiphiles and two alkyl chains which are located on the last part of the peptide backbone. They were designed to mimic the architecture of the native membranes in which two alkyl chains in a lipid molecule facially interact with the hydrophobic segment of MPs.[12]

Examples
gollark: No idea how that happened.
gollark: There was a `websocket.result` which appeared to act as `receive`.
gollark: I had to hastily swap potatOS over to using the evented API.
gollark: It seemed to be missing in one CCEmuX build.
gollark: No.

See also

References
  1. Hamley IW (May 2015). "Lipopeptides: from self-assembly to bioactivity" (PDF). Chemical Communications (Cambridge, England). 51 (41): 8574–83. doi:10.1039/c5cc01535a. PMID 25797909.
  2. Kirkham S, Castelletto V, Hamley IW, Inoue K, Rambo R, Reza M, Ruokolainen J (July 2016). "Self-Assembly of the Cyclic Lipopeptide Daptomycin: Spherical Micelle Formation Does Not Depend on the Presence of Calcium Chloride" (PDF). ChemPhysChem. 17 (14): 2118–22. doi:10.1002/cphc.201600308. PMID 27043447.
  3. Hamley IW, Kirkham S, Dehsorkhi A, Castelletto V, Reza M, Ruokolainen J (December 2014). "Toll-like receptor agonist lipopeptides self-assemble into distinct nanostructures". Chemical Communications. 50 (100): 15948–51. doi:10.1039/c4cc07511k. PMID 25382300.
  4. US granted 6911525, Hill J, et al., "Lipopeptides as antibacterial agents", published 28 February 2002, assigned to Cubist Pharmaceuticals Inc
  5. Steenbergen JN, Alder J, Thorne GM, Tally FP (March 2005). "Daptomycin: a lipopeptide antibiotic for the treatment of serious Gram-positive infections". The Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. 55 (3): 283–8. doi:10.1093/jac/dkh546. PMID 15705644.
  6. Hamley, Ian W. (2015-05-07). "Lipopeptides: from self-assembly to bioactivity". Chemical Communications. 51 (41): 8574–8583. doi:10.1039/C5CC01535A. ISSN 1364-548X. PMID 25797909.
  7. Maget-Dana R, Peypoux F (February 1994). "Iturins, a special class of pore-forming lipopeptides: biological and physicochemical properties". Toxicology. 87 (1–3): 151–74. doi:10.1016/0300-483X(94)90159-7. PMID 8160184.
  8. Nasir MN, Besson F, Deleu M (September 2013). "Interactions des antibiotiques ituriniques avec la membrane plasmique. Apport des systèmes biomimétiques des membranes (synthèse bibliographique)". Biotechnologie, Agronomie, Société et Environnement. 17 (3): 505–16.
  9. Nasir MN, Besson F (May 2012). "Interactions of the antifungal mycosubtilin with ergosterol-containing interfacial monolayers". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes. 1818 (5): 1302–8. doi:10.1016/j.bbamem.2012.01.020. PMID 22306791.
  10. Nasir MN, Besson F (September 2011). "Specific interactions of mycosubtilin with cholesterol-containing artificial membranes". Langmuir: The ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids. 27 (17): 10785–92. doi:10.1021/la200767e. PMID 21766869.
  11. Kanwar, Shamsher S.; Meena, Khem Raj (2015). "Lipopeptides as the Antifungal and Antibacterial Agents: Applications in Food Safety and Therapeutics". BioMed Research International. 2015: 473050. doi:10.1155/2015/473050. PMC 4303012. PMID 25632392.
  12. Zhang S, Corin K (2018). "Peptide surfactants in membrane protein purification and stabilization". In Koutsopoulos S (ed.). Peptide Applications in Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Bioengineering. ISBN 978-0-08-100736-5.

Further reading


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