Neuropeptide FF

NPFF Neuropeptide FF (FLFQPQRFa) is a mammalian amidated neuropeptide originally isolated from bovine brain and characterized as a pain-modulating peptide, with anti-opioid activity on morphine-induced analgesia.

NPFF
Identifiers
Aliases	NPFF, FMRFAL, neuropeptide FF-amide peptide precursor
External IDs	OMIM: 604643 MGI: 1891708 HomoloGene: 48236 GeneCards: NPFF
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 12 (human)[1] Band 12q13.13 Start 53,506,690 bp[1] End 53,507,638 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 15 (mouse)[2] Band 15|15 F3 Start 102,523,839 bp[2] End 102,524,942 bp[2]
RNA expression pattern More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function • receptor binding • G-protein coupled receptor binding • neuropeptide hormone activity Cellular component • vesicle • extracellular region • postsynapse • extracellular • dendrite • perikaryon • axon terminus Biological process • negative regulation of insulin secretion • regulation of sensory perception of pain • maternal process involved in female pregnancy • positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration • acute inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus • negative regulation of appetite • vasopressin secretion • regulation of membrane depolarization • negative regulation of heart rate • response to morphine • positive regulation of blood pressure • spinal cord development • neuropeptide signaling pathway • somatostatin secretion • response to drug • chemical synaptic transmission • excitatory postsynaptic potential • regulation of receptor activity • G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	8620	54615
Ensembl	ENSG00000139574	ENSMUSG00000023052
UniProt	O15130	Q9WVA8
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_003717 NM_001320296	NM_018787
RefSeq (protein)	NP_001307225 NP_003708	NP_061257
Location (UCSC)	Chr 12: 53.51 – 53.51 Mb	Chr 15: 102.52 – 102.52 Mb
PubMed search	[3]	[4]
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

In humans, Neuropeptide FF peptides are encoded by the NPFF gene. Two genes encoding two different receptors (NPFF1 and NPFF2) and two precursors (NPFFA and NPFFB) have been cloned in several mammalian species.[5][6]

Function

Neuropeptide FF (NPFF) and RFamide related peptides issued from two precursors interact with good affinity with two subtypes of G protein-coupled receptors, namely NPFF1 and NPFF2 subtypes and are involved in several physiological functions such as cardiovascular regulation, hormonal control, macrophage activation, body temperature homeostasis and pain modulation.[6]

Processing of the NPFFA precursor at basic proteolytic sites should generate a NPFF-containing peptide with three additional N-terminal amino acids different between species, and a NPSF (SLAAPQRFa)-containing peptide, the length of which depends on the species. NPFFB, identified as a precursor for RFamide-related peptides (RFRPs, also called GnIH for gonadotropin inhibitory hormone), contains a LPLRFa-containing peptide and a peptide sharing with NPFF the same C-terminal PQRFamide motif, such as NPVF (VPNLPQRFa) in human.

NPFF and opioid systems have been shown to interact at several levels, from animal behavior to receptor molecules. Nociception is the physiological function in which this interaction has been the most extensively studied but reward, locomotion, feeding and intestinal motility are also affected. Endogenous opioids are necessary for the analgesic properties of spinally injected NPFF while endogenous NPFF peptides are involved in the process of analgesic tolerance/hyperalgesia induced by chronic opioid treatment.

NPFF also controls the number and metabolic effects of adipose tissue macrophages, and NPFF is necessary for adipose tissue health.[7]

See also

• Neuropeptide VF precursor

References

1. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000139574 - Ensembl, May 2017
2. GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000023052 - Ensembl, May 2017
3. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
4. "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
5. Perry SJ, Yi-Kung Huang E, Cronk D, Bagust J, Sharma R, Walker RJ, Wilson S, Burke JF (June 1997). "A human gene encoding morphine modulating peptides related to NPFF and FMRFamide". FEBS Letters. 409 (3): 426–30. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(97)00557-7. PMID 9224703.
6. "Entrez Gene: NPFF neuropeptide FF-amide peptide precursor".
7. Waqas SF, Hoang AC, Lin YT, Ampem G, Azegrouz H, Balogh L, Thuróczy J, Chen JC, Gerling IC, Nam S, Lim JS, Martinez-Ibañez J, Real JT, Paschke S, Quillet R, Ayachi S, Simonin F, Schneider EM, Brinkman JA, Lamming DW, Seroogy CM, Röszer T (June 2017). "Neuropeptide FF increases M2 activation and self-renewal of adipose tissue macrophages". The Journal of Clinical Investigation. 127 (7): 2842–2854. doi:10.1172/JCI90152. PMC 5490745. PMID 28581443.

Further reading

• Panula P, Aarnisalo AA, Wasowicz K (1996). "Neuropeptide FF, a mammalian neuropeptide with multiple functions". Progress in Neurobiology. 48 (4–5): 461–87. doi:10.1016/0301-0082(96)00001-9. PMID 8804117.
• Sundblom DM, Panula P, Fyhrquist F (1995). "Neuropeptide FF-like immunoreactivity in human plasma". Peptides. 16 (2): 347–50. doi:10.1016/0196-9781(94)00163-4. PMID 7784266.
• Sundblom DM, Hyrkkö A, Fyhrquist F (1998). "Pulsatile secretion of neuropeptide FF into human blood". Peptides. 19 (7): 1165–70. doi:10.1016/S0196-9781(98)00060-6. PMID 9786165.
• Elshourbagy NA, Ames RS, Fitzgerald LR, Foley JJ, Chambers JK, Szekeres PG, Evans NA, Schmidt DB, Buckley PT, Dytko GM, Murdock PR, Milligan G, Groarke DA, Tan KB, Shabon U, Nuthulaganti P, Wang DY, Wilson S, Bergsma DJ, Sarau HM (August 2000). "Receptor for the pain modulatory neuropeptides FF and AF is an orphan G protein-coupled receptor". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 275 (34): 25965–71. doi:10.1074/jbc.M004515200. PMID 10851242.
• Bonini JA, Jones KA, Adham N, Forray C, Artymyshyn R, Durkin MM, Smith KE, Tamm JA, Boteju LW, Lakhlani PP, Raddatz R, Yao WJ, Ogozalek KL, Boyle N, Kouranova EV, Quan Y, Vaysse PJ, Wetzel JM, Branchek TA, Gerald C, Borowsky B (December 2000). "Identification and characterization of two G protein-coupled receptors for neuropeptide FF". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 275 (50): 39324–31. doi:10.1074/jbc.M004385200. PMID 11024015.
• Mollereau C, Gouardères C, Dumont Y, Kotani M, Detheux M, Doods H, Parmentier M, Quirion R, Zajac JM (May 2001). "Agonist and antagonist activities on human NPFF(2) receptors of the NPY ligands GR231118 and BIBP3226". British Journal of Pharmacology. 133 (1): 1–4. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0704049. PMC 1572765. PMID 11325787.
• Catarsi S, Babinski K, Séguéla P (October 2001). "Selective modulation of heteromeric ASIC proton-gated channels by neuropeptide FF". Neuropharmacology. 41 (5): 592–600. doi:10.1016/S0028-3908(01)00107-1. PMID 11587714.
• Lefrere I, De Coppet P, Camelin JC, Le Lay S, Mercier N, Elshourbagy N, Bril A, Berrebi-Bertrand I, Feve B, Krief S (October 2002). "Neuropeptide AF and FF modulation of adipocyte metabolism. Primary insights from functional genomics and effects on beta-adrenergic responsiveness". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 277 (42): 39169–78. doi:10.1074/jbc.M205084200. PMID 12149260.
• Laemmle B, Schindler M, Beilmann M, Hamilton BS, Doods HN, Wieland HA (March 2003). "Characterization of the NPGP receptor and identification of a novel short mRNA isoform in human hypothalamus". Regulatory Peptides. 111 (1–3): 21–9. doi:10.1016/S0167-0115(02)00220-3. PMID 12609745.
• Ankö ML, Panula P (January 2006). "Regulation of endogenous human NPFF2 receptor by neuropeptide FF in SK-N-MC neuroblastoma cell line". Journal of Neurochemistry. 96 (2): 573–84. doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.2005.03581.x. PMID 16336216.
• Roumy M, Lorenzo C, Mazères S, Bouchet S, Zajac JM, Mollereau C (March 2007). "Physical association between neuropeptide FF and micro-opioid receptors as a possible molecular basis for anti-opioid activity". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 282 (11): 8332–42. doi:10.1074/jbc.M606946200. PMID 17224450.