Liviu Librescu

Liviu Librescu (Romanian pronunciation: [ˈlivju liˈbresku]; Hebrew: ליביו ליברסקו‎; August 18, 1930 – April 16, 2007) was a Romanian–American scientist and engineer. A prominent academic in addition to being a survivor of the Holocaust, his major research fields were aeroelasticity and aerodynamics.

Liviu Librescu
Born
Liviu Librescu

August 18, 1930
Ploiești, Romania
DiedApril 16, 2007(2007-04-16) (aged 76)
Blacksburg, Virginia, U.S.
Cause of deathGunshot
CitizenshipIsrael
United States
Alma materPolitehnica University of Bucharest
Known forResearch in aeroelasticity and aerodynamics
Scientific career
FieldsEngineering
InstitutionsVirginia Tech
Tel Aviv University
Technion – Israel Institute of Technology[1][2]

Librescu is most widely known for his actions during the Virginia Tech shooting, when he held the doors to his lecture hall closed, allowing all but one of his students enough time to escape through the windows.[3] Shot and killed during the attack, Librescu was posthumously awarded the Order of the Star of Romania, the country's highest civilian honor. Coincidentally, Librescu's act of heroism happened on the 27th of Nisan in the Jewish lunar calendar. That date is Yom HaShoah, which is Holocaust Remembrance Day in Israel.

At the time of his death, he was Professor of Engineering Science and Mechanics at Virginia Tech.[4]

Life and career

Liviu Librescu was born in 1930 to a Jewish family in the city of Ploiești, Romania. After Romania allied with Nazi Germany in World War II, his family was deported to a labor camp in Transnistria, and later, along with thousands of other Jews, was deported to a ghetto in the Romanian city of Focșani.[5] His wife, Marlena, who is also a Holocaust survivor, told Israeli Channel 10 TV the day after his death, "We were in Romania during the Second World War, and we were Jews there among the Germans, and among the anti-Semitic Romanians."[5] Dorothea Weisbuch, a cousin of Librescu living in Romania, said in an interview to Romanian newspaper Cotidianul: "He was an extraordinarily gifted person and very altruistic. When he was little, he was very curious and knew everything, so that I thought he would become very conceited, but it did not happen so; he was of a rare modesty."[6]

After surviving the Holocaust, Librescu was repatriated to Communist Romania.[5] He studied aerospace engineering at the Polytechnic University of Bucharest, graduating in 1952 and continuing with a Master's degree at the same university. He was awarded a Ph.D. in fluid mechanics in 1969 at the Academia de Științe din România.[7] From 1953 to 1975, he worked as a researcher at the Bucharest Institute of Applied Mechanics, and later at the Institute of Fluid Mechanics and the Institute of Fluid Mechanics and Aerospace Constructions of the Academy of Science of Romania.

His career stalled in the 1970s because he refused to swear allegiance to the Romanian Communist Party and was forced out of academia for his sympathies towards Israel.[5] When Librescu requested permission to emigrate to Israel, the Academy of Science of Romania fired him.[5][8] In 1976, a smuggled research manuscript that he had published in the Netherlands drew him international attention in the growing field of material dynamics.[9]

After years of government refusal, Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin personally intervened to get the Librescu family an emigration permit by directly asking Romanian President Nicolae Ceaușescu to let them go.[5][10] They moved to Israel in 1978.

From 1979 to 1986, Librescu was Professor of Aeronautical and Mechanical Engineering at Tel Aviv University and taught at the Technion in Haifa.[10] In 1985, he left on sabbatical for the United States, where he served as Professor at Virginia Tech in its Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, where he remained until his death.[10][11] He served as a member on the editorial board of seven scientific journals and was invited as a guest editor of special issues of five other journals.[12] Most recently, he was co-chair of the International Organizing Committee of the 7th International Congress on Thermal Stress, Taipei, Taiwan, June 4–7, 2007, for which he had been scheduled to give the keynote lecture.[4][12] According to his wife, no Virginia Tech professor has ever published more articles than Librescu.[10]

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Fields of research

Librescu's major fields of study included:[12]

  • Foundation and applications of the modern theory of shells incorporating non-classical effects and composed of advanced composite materials
  • Foundation of the theory and applications of sandwich type structures
  • Aeroelastic stability of flight vehicle structures
  • Nonlinear aeroelasticity of structures in supersonic and hypersonic flow fields
  • Aeroelastic and structural tailoring
  • Dynamic response and instability of elastic and viscoelastic laminated composite structures subjected to deterministic and random loading systems
  • Mechanical and thermal postbuckling of flat and curved shear-deformable elastic panels
  • Static, dynamic and aeroelastic feedback control of adaptive structures
  • Unsteady aerodynamics and magnetoaerodynamics of supersonic flows with applications
  • Optimization problems of aeroelastic structural systems
  • Theory of composite thin-walled beams and its application in aeronautical and mechanical constructions
  • Nonlinear structural deformation of compressible composite materials under shear stress
  • Response and behavior of structures to underwater and in-air explosions
  • Multifunctional and functionally graded material structures.

Death and legacy
Librescu's memorial stone on the Virginia Tech campus

At age 76,[10] Librescu was among the 32 people who were murdered in the Virginia Tech shooting. On April 16, 2007, Seung-Hui Cho entered the Norris Hall Engineering Building and opened fire on classrooms. Librescu, who taught a solid mechanics class in Room 204 in the Norris Hall during April 2007, held the door of his classroom shut while the gunman attempted to enter it. Although he was shot through the door, Librescu managed to prevent the gunman from entering the classroom until most of his students had escaped through the windows.[13][14][15] He was struck by five bullets,[16] with a shot to the head proving to be fatal.[17] Of the 23 registered students in his class, only one, Minal Panchal, died.[18]

A number of Librescu's students have called him a hero because of his actions. Caroline Merrey, a senior, said she and about 20 other students scrambled through the windows as Librescu shouted for them to hurry.[16] Merrey said, "I don’t think I would be here if it wasn't for [Librescu]."[19] Librescu's son Joe said he had received e-mails from several students who said he had saved their lives and regarded him as a hero.[10]

Following the murder of Librescu, at the request of his family and with the assistance of Gov. Tim Kaine, his body was released on April 17[20] and he received a funeral service at an Orthodox Jewish funeral home in Borough Park, Brooklyn, New York.[16] On April 20, he was interred in Israel.[21][22][23] In his native Romania, his picture was placed on a table at the Polytechnic University of Bucharest, and a candle was lit. People laid flowers nearby.[5]

The massacre took place on Holocaust Remembrance Day (Yom HaShoah). On April 18, 2007, President of the United States George W. Bush honored Librescu at a memorial service held at the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, attended by a crowd that included many Holocaust survivors:[24]

That day we saw horror, but we also saw quiet acts of courage. We saw this courage in a teacher named Liviu Librescu. With the gunman set to enter his class, this brave professor blocked the door with his body while his students fled to safety. On the Day of Remembrance, this Holocaust survivor gave his own life so that others may live. And this morning we honor his memory and we take strength from his example.

Honors and awards

Librescu received many academic honors during his work in the Engineering Science and Mechanics Department at Virginia Tech, serving as chair or invited as a keynote speaker of several International Congresses on Thermal Stresses and receiving several honorary degrees. He was elected member of the Academy of Sciences of the Shipbuilding of Ukraine (2000) and Foreign Fellow of the Academy of Engineering of Armenia (1999). He was a recipient of Doctor Honoris Causa of the Polytechnic Institute of Bucharest (2000), of the 1999 Dean's Award for Excellence in Research, College of Engineering at Virginia Tech, and a laureate of the Traian Vuia Prize of the Romanian Academy (1972). He was a member of the Board of Experts of the Italian Ministry of Education, University and Scientific Research. He was awarded the Frank J. Maher Award for Excellence in Engineering Education (2005)[25] and an ASME diploma (2005) expressing "deep appreciation for the valuable services in advancing the engineering profession".[12]

Posthumously, Professor Librescu was commended by Traian Băsescu, the President of Romania, with the Order of the Star of Romania with the rank of Grand Cross, "as a sign of high appreciation and gratitude for the entire scientific and academic activity, as well as for the heroism shown in the course of the tragic events which took place on April 16th, 2007, [...] through which he saved the lives of his students, sacrificing his own life."[26] The Chabad Hasidic Movement named its Jewish Student Center at Virginia Tech after him.[27]

The classroom of the Sara and Sam Schoffer Holocaust Resource Center at Stockton University in Galloway, New Jersey was dedicated to the memory of Liviu Librescu in April 2009 through a donation from The Azeez Family and Foundation of Egg Harbor Township. Jane B. Stark, who is Executive Director of the Sam Azeez Museum of Woodbine Heritage in Woodbine, New Jersey, said "This man, who endured so much during the Holocaust, thought of his students’ safety before his own in a time of crisis. ... He deserves to be remembered for these heroic actions."[28]

The street in front of the U.S. Embassy in Bucharest was named in his honor.[29]

Professor Librescu was also awarded the 2007 Facilitator Award by Stetson University College of Law's Center for Excellence in Higher Education Law and Policy.

A gift to Columbia Law School from alumnus Ira Greenstein '85 honored Professor Librescu's heroism during the Virginia Tech shooting and established a professorship in his name—the "Liviu Librescu Professor of Law." This professorship is awarded at the discretion of the Dean, who seeks to appoint to the Librescu Professorship a member of the faculty with an expertise in national security or social justice. Matthew Waxman currently holds the Librescu Professorship.[30] He is an expert in national security law and international law, including issues such as executive power, international human rights and constitutional rights, military force and armed conflict, terrorism, cybersecurity, and maritime disputes.

Publications

Books authored by Librescu include:[31]

  • Librescu, Liviu; Ohseop Song (2006). Thin-walled composite beams: Theory and Application. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer. ISBN 978-1-4020-3457-2. OCLC 62363828.
  • Cederbaum, G.; Elishakoff, I; Aboudi, J.; Librescu, L. (1992). Random Vibrations and Reliability of Composite Structures. Lancaster-Basel: Technomic Publishing Co.
  • Librescu, Liviu (1976). Elastostatics and Kinetics of Anisotropic and Heterogeneous Shell-Type Structures. Leyden: Noordhoff International. ISBN 978-90-286-0035-5. OCLC 2092328.
  • Librescu, Liviu (1969). Statica şi dinamica structurilor elastice anizotrope şi eterogene (in Romanian). Bucharest: Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste România. OCLC 17866878.
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See also

References
  1. Slavin, Barbara. "Professor who 'did not fear death' likely saved students", USA TODAY, April 17, 2007. Accessed February 20, 2008.
  2. Hernandez, Raymond. "Victims of Shooting Are Remembered", New York Times April 17, 2007. Accessed February 20, 2008.
  3. Holocaust Survivor, Professor Killed Helping Students Escape Archived 2007-04-18 at the Wayback Machine, Fox News, April 17, 2007. Accessed February 20, 2008.
  4. Liviu Librescu's Curriculum Vitae Archived 2007-06-13 at the Wayback Machine
  5. Friedman, Matti. "Holocaust survivor killed in Va shooting", Associated Press, April 17, 2007. Accessed February 20, 2008.
  6. (in Romanian) Claudia Ciobanu, Diana Lazar, Cosmin Popan, Iuliana Gatej. Eroul român de la Virginia Tech, Cotidianul, April 18, 2007
  7. (in Romanian) "Profesorul-erou, inventator şi reputat om de ştiinţă" Archived 2007-05-07 at the Wayback Machine, in Evenimentul Zilei, April 17, 2007
  8. Stahl, Julie. "Israeli Professor Tried to Save Students' Lives" Archived 2007-05-02 at the Wayback Machine, CNS News, April 17, 2007. Accessed February 20, 2008.
  9. Jeffrey Brainard and Matthew Kalman. "Profiles of the Slain: Liviu Librescu", The Chronicle of Higher Education. April 17, 2007. Accessed February 20, 2008.
  10. Benhorin, Yitzhak. "Israeli killed in Virginia massacre". Ynetnews, April 17, 2007. Accessed February 20, 2008.
  11. "Virginia Tech: In Memoriam: April 16th 2007" Archived 2007-04-23 at the Wayback Machine, Virginia Tech.
  12. Liviu Librescu – Faculty profile Archived 2007-05-21 at the Wayback Machine at the Virginia Tech Department of Engineering and Mechanics website Archived 2006-10-06 at the Wayback Machine
  13. "Israeli lecturer died shielding Virginia Tech students from gunman", Haaretz, April 17, 2007. Accessed February 22, 2008.
  14. Donovan, Doug (April 17, 2007). "As The Gunshots Shifted Closer, Next Move Was Clear: Get Out". Baltimore Sun. Retrieved 2008-02-19.
  15. Maraniss, David. 'That Was the Desk I Chose to Die Under', Washington Post, April 19, 2007. Accessed February 22, 2008.
  16. Moynihan, Colin. "Professor’s Violent Death Came Where He Sought Peace", New York Times, April 19, 2007. Accessed February 22, 2008.
  17. Maraniss, David. "Pop, pop, then panic", Washington Post/St. Petersburg Times, April 19, 2007. Accessed February 22, 2008.
  18. "The Victims", NY Times. April 18, 2007. Accessed February 22, 2008.
  19. Hutkin, Erinn. "Liviu Librescu: Holocaust survivor blocked shooter, letting students flee" Archived 2013-01-04 at Archive.today, The Roanoke Times, April 27, 2007. Accessed February 22, 2008.
  20. Kessler, Aaron. "Professor's body laid to rest in Israel" Archived 2007-09-28 at the Wayback Machine, Media General News Service, April 21, 2007. Accessed February 22, 2008.
  21. Winograd, Ben. "Hero Virginia Tech Professor Buried", Associated Press, April 20, 2007. Accessed February 22, 2008.
  22. Rettig, Havav. "Israeli who saved Virginia students buried as hero", The Jerusalem Post, April April 20–22, 2007. Accessed February 22, 2008.
  23. Katz, Yaakov. "Hundreds attend service for Holocaust survivor, VT hero", USA Today, April 20, 2007. Accessed February 22, 2008.
  24. Benhorin, Yitzhak. "Bush honors Israeli professor killed in Virginia Tech shooting", Yediot Aharonot (Ynet) April 18, 2007]. Accessed February 22, 2008.
  25. http://www.esm.vt.edu Archived 2006-10-06 at the Wayback Machine
  26. Press release of the Romanian President announcing Liviu Librescu's post-mortem commendation, Department for Public Communication, Office of the President of Romania.
  27. Jewish Student Center Opens Doors at Virginia Tech
  28. HRC Opening naming 2009 (press release)
  29. Morrison, James. "Embassy Row." The Washington Times. Tuesday April 27, 2010. 2. Retrieved on November 27, 2010. "Romania has named the street in front of the U.S. Embassy in Bucharest in honor of a Romanian-born professor and Holocaust survivor who gave up his life to save his students from a crazed gunman at Virginia Tech three years ago. ."
  30. Matthew Waxman Bio, Columbia Law School Archived 2008-10-01 at the Wayback Machine
  31. Publication list for Liviu Librescu Archived 2007-04-26 at the Wayback Machine, Virginia Tech Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics Archived 2006-10-06 at the Wayback Machine website, accessed April 17, 2007. Note: All books referenced by this citation.

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